scholarly journals Financial Transactions Tax as an Integration Development Instrument in the EU

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
Ilya Lifshits ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Financial Transaction ◽  
Financial Transaction Tax ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
Transaction Tax ◽  
The Eu

The adoption of a legal instrument relating to the harmonization of the ten Member States‟ laws on the financial transaction tax could be the first attempt in the EU history to establish an enhanced cooperation in the area of taxation. This project should be considered in the wider context of the financial sphere reform, which was caused by the global financial crisis. The draft Directive implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of the financial transaction tax has been discussed in the Council for 7 years but an accord has not been reached yet. The ambition of the European Commission to enlarge the scope of the financial transaction tax payers as much as possible is perceived by the non-participating Member States as an encroachment of their tax jurisdiction which contradicts the international customary law as well as The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. An examination of the reasons of unsuccessful negotiations may lead to a conclusion on drawbacks of the enhanced cooperation in taxation policy. It is not likely that this mechanism would be used in the future to tax a very mobile financial market where the tax base may be easily transferred to the non-tax states. Meanwhile the participation of the leading EU States in the project, a wide public support of the „Robin Hood Tax‟ and Brexit suggest that in the coming months financial transactions in ten Member States will be charged by the harmonized tax. However, the scope of the tax would be reduced in comparison with that in the initial draft of the European Commission.

The European Union as a Global Actor: The Case of the Financial Transaction Tax

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 704-720
Author(s):  
Marina Strezhneva
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
World Order ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Financial Transaction ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Financial Transaction Tax ◽  
Transaction Tax ◽  
The Eu

The EU plays a high-profile role in the international arena, and yet this role still evades accurate conceptualization. Since the EU is not a state, it is commonly accepted assui generis; a normative power influencing the world order mostly by means of direct and intermediary persuasion. Despite this position, in practice when championing the global normative agenda, the EU does not always demonstrate high efficiency as a leader. This article studies the EU’s efforts to push through regional and global versions of a financial transaction tax, meant to promote the common good through the positive externalities it generates for the economy. The aim of the article is to arrive at an adequate explanation for the (in)ability of the EU to act as an agent of global governance in this case. The focus of attention is the inner organizational limitations on the EU’s behaviour as a global actor.

scholarly journals Member States’ social security agreements with India

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-187
Author(s):  
Pauline Melin
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Country Case Study ◽  
The Eu

In a 2012 Communication, the European Commission described the current approach to social security coordination with third countries as ‘patchy’. The European Commission proposed to address that patchiness by developing a common EU approach to social security coordination with third countries whereby the Member States would cooperate more with each other when concluding bilateral agreements with third countries. This article aims to explore the policy agenda of the European Commission in that field by conducting a comparative legal analysis of the Member States’ bilateral agreements with India. The idea behind the comparative legal analysis is to determine whether (1) there are common grounds between the Member States’ approaches, and (2) based on these common grounds, it is possible to suggest a common EU approach. India is taken as a third-country case study due to its labour migration and investment potential for the European Union. In addition, there are currently 12 Member State bilateral agreements with India and no instrument at the EU level on social security coordination with India. Therefore, there is a potential need for a common EU approach to social security coordination with India. Based on the comparative legal analysis of the Member States’ bilateral agreements with India, this article ends by outlining the content of a potential future common EU approach.

scholarly journals The EU after Brexit: Key Geopolitical and Geo-Economic Challenges

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr YAKOVLEV
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
European Council ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Union History ◽  
The Eu

The decision on Britain’s secession from the European Union, taken by the British Parliament and agreed by London and Brussels, divided the Union history into “before” and “after”. Not only will the remaining member states have to “digest” the political, commercial, economic and mental consequences of parting with one of the largest partners. They will also have to create a substantially new algorithm for the functioning of United Europe. On this path, the EU is confronted with many geopolitical and geo-economic challenges, which should be answered by the new leaders of the European Commission, European Council, and European Parliament.

Developments in the Collection of Statistical Information on the Number of Animals used in Experiments and other Scientific Purposes in the European Union

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-145
Author(s):  
Ursula G. Sauer ◽  
Roman Kolar
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Statistical Report ◽  
Animal Use ◽  
The Three Rs ◽  
The Eu

In 1999, the European Commission presented its second report on the numbers of laboratory animals used in the European Union (EU). The plausibility of the data and the usefulness of the format of the registration tables remain questionable, for reasons previously discussed in connection with the Commission's first statistical report. In addition, it is impossible to derive sound information on trends in animal use in the EU and its Member States from the second statistical report. The European Commission and the Member States have agreed on new tables to be used for future statistics on the use of experimental animals in the EU. These new tables have been significantly extended and improved. Several categories of little relevance have been revised, and ambiguous expressions have been clarified. However, several problems either persist or have been newly created. Moreover, some important data (i.e. categories for pain and distress, as well as for several specific purposes of use; the origin of some animal species; types of institutions; and the use of genetically engineered animals) are still not required. Nevertheless, these are highly relevant to animal welfare and must be regarded as indispensable for a well-aimed application of the statistics to set priorities concerning the Three Rs.

Environmental Inspections at the EU: The imperative to move forward

elni Review ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Ana Barreira
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Community Law ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
The Eu ◽  
The Way

The European Commission has recognised that “[l]aws do not serve their full purpose unless they are properly applied and enforced”. In addition “[t]he European Institutions and the Member States should continue to develop their work to ensure that Community law is correctly applied and implemented”. There are diverse tools for guaranteeing compliance such as compliance indicators, compliance and enforcement strategies and environmental inspections, the purpose of which is to supervise compliance. This article focuses on the latter. Firstly, the way in which this instrument was incorporated under Community environmental policy is examined. Secondly, the current status of environmental inspections at EU level is briefly analysed. Thereafter, it will concentrate on the proposals for the review of this tool, ending with some recommendations on how environmental inspections should be regulated in the European Union with a focus on the demands of European Environmental Bureau (EEB) on this matter.

scholarly journals Polityka konkurencji Unii Europejskiej w warunkach globalizacji gospodarki światowej

2016 ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Ewa Latoszek ◽  
Agnieszka Kłos
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this article is to present the essence of competition policy and its implementation in the European Union in the context of ongoing globalization of the world economy. The paper will present selected factors that stimulate the process of globalization, main objectives and tools supporting the functioning of the EU internal market, and the place of the European Commission as a body that enforces compliance with the rules of competition by companies and the Member States.

scholarly journals Finance Capitalism and Democracy: The Case of the Financial Transactions Tax

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Stephan Schulmeister
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Financial Instability ◽  
Financial Transaction ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Transaction Taxes ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
Finance Capitalism ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThis chapter analyses the pros and cons of financial transaction taxes (FTT) as mechanisms to mitigate financial instability and the proposal of the European Commission to implement an FTT in the EU in September 2011 until its suspension, as well as the prospects for it to be adopted in the future.

scholarly journals Die „Methode Barnier“ – Lehren aus der Verhandlungsführung der EU beim Brexit

IG ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
Nicolai von Ondarza
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
European Council ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Eu

The Brexit negotiations constituted unchartered political and institutional territory for the European Union (EU). This analysis shows how a new institutional approach enabled the EU-27 to present an unusually united front. The “Barnier method” is characterised by five elements: a strong political mandate from the European Council, a single EU negotiator based in the European Commission in the person of Michel Barnier, very close coordination with the Member States and the European Parliament, and a high degree of transparency. Lessons can also be drawn from this for the next phase of the Brexit negotiations and the EU’s relations with other third countries.

scholarly journals European Union’s Fiscal Rules and New Financial Instruments for 2021- 2017: Bulgaria’s Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Fiscal Rules ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Cycle ◽  
Member States ◽  
Growth Pact ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Eu

Fiscal policymaking of the Member States aims to follow fiscal rules through the economic cycle that ensure macroeconomic sustainability in the European Union (EU). After the 2008 global crisis, the Stability and Growth Pact introduced the enhanced supranational fiscal rules, setting additional boundaries to fiscal deficits and government debt. The new ceiling on the structural deficit in public finance laws of Member States has served to protect creditworthiness. The COVID-19 pandemic, which led to a temporary suspension of the fiscal rules, clearly indicates that the key challenges are to implement a countercyclical policy during upturns, building buffers for bad days. Under the Next Generation Europe’s initiative the European Commission (EC) will borrow up to €750 billion and distribute it over 2021-2024 to Member States (European Commission, 2020a). Raising funds in the EU budget and repayment of the EC debt may lead to amendments to the design and application of the EU fiscal rules. This paper lays out the objectives of the EU current fiscal framework and its main pillars, discusses how the EC new financial instruments for the period 2021-2027 will be accounted for in the Member States’ fiscal framework, and what are its possible changes and challenges after Covid-19 and Brexit.

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