Latin Eugenics and Sexual Knowledge in Italy, Spain, and Argentina
This chapter explores how a specific kind of sexology emerged and spread worldwide during the interwar period. Focusing on Italy, Spain, and Argentina, it shows how southern Europe and Latin America developed an active exchange of sexual knowledge. It first considers the strong internationalism of sexology and eugenics before discussing the views of a small sample of Latin eugenicists on sexuality in its relation to male homosexuality. It then describes how a Latin circuit that originated in Italy enabled the movement of shared scientific traditions such as biotypology, Lamarckianism, and criminal anthropology among medical communities associated with Latin eugenics. It also examines how criminal anthropology stood at the beginning of a particular “Latin” version of sexual science that incorporated insights from southern European endocrinology and eugenics, and thus could ultimately be put into the service of fascist Italy—for example, by the Italian scientist and eugenicist Nicola Pende.