scholarly journals Induced Positive Mood and Cognitive Flexibility: Evidence from Task Switching and Reversal Learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy T. Nusbaum ◽  
Cristina G. Wilson ◽  
Anthony Stenson ◽  
John M. Hinson ◽  
Paul Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Mood Group

Positive mood often facilitates cognitive functions. Facilitation is hypothesized to be due to an increase in dopamine occurring in positive mood states. However, facilitation has not been consistently found in studies of cognitive flexibility. This inconsistent relationship may reflect the numerous ways cognitive flexibility is measured. Moreover, there is evidence that the role of dopamine in cognitive flexibility performance depends on the type of measure used. In the current study, we employed a probabilistic two-card reversal learning task (n = 129) and a Stroop-like task switching procedure (n = 188) in a college student population. We used a standardized set of mood videos to induce a positive, negative, or neutral mood state. Negative mood states were included to account for possible effects of arousal on performance, which is seen in both positive and negative mood inductions. Based on current theories of positive mood and cognition, we hypothesized that there would be differences in the effects of a positive mood induction on cognitive flexibility as assessed by task switching and reversal learning tasks. The mood induction successfully induced high levels of amusement and increased valence in the positive mood group and high levels of repulsion and decreased valence in the negative mood group. However, there were no differences in cognitive flexibility across any of the mood groups, as assessed by switch costs in task switching and correct choices after the reversal in reversal learning. Overall, these findings do not support the hypothesis that positive mood improves cognitive flexibility.

Decision Making under Uncertainty and Information Processing in Positive and Negative Mood States

2014 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachi Nandan Mohanty ◽  
Damodar Suar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Decision Making Under Uncertainty ◽  
Heuristic Information Processing ◽  
Institute Of Technology

This study examines whether mood states (a) influence decision making under uncertainty and (b) affect information processing. 200 students at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur participated in this study. Positive mood was induced by showing comedy movie clips to 100 participants and negative mood was induced by showing tragedy movie clips to another 100 participants. The participants were administered a questionnaire containing hypothetical situations of financial gains and losses, and a health risk problem. The participants selected a choice for each situation, and stated the reasons for their choice. Results suggested that the participants preferred cautious choices in the domain of gain and in health risk problems and risky choices in the domain of loss. Analysis of the reasons for the participants' choices suggested more fluency, originality, and flexibility of information in a negative mood compared to a positive mood. A negative (positive) mood state facilitated systematic (heuristic) information processing.

The effect of mood induction and language of testing on bilingual creativity

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1079-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANATOLIY V. KHARKHURIN ◽  
JEANETTE ALTARRIBA
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Film Clips ◽  
Naming Test

This study explores the hypothesis that language of testing and mood states can influence creativity in bilinguals. Arabic–English bilingual speakers were induced into positive or negative mood states using film clips and recall-of-events procedures. Then, participants’ creativity was assessed with the Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults. Participants were tested in either English or Arabic. A Picture Naming Test revealed English as participants’ stronger language and Arabic as their weaker language. Testing in English was found to enhance verbal fluency and originality, as compared to testing in Arabic. Most importantly, an interactive effect of induction (positive, negative) and language of testing (English, Arabic) on creativity emerged. The results revealed two conditions beneficial for participants’ nonverbal originality: a positive mood state when tested in English and a negative mood state when tested in Arabic. These results are discussed in light of the interactive effect of mood induction and linguistic context (stronger vs. weaker) on an individual's creativity.

A Musical Mood Induction Alleviates Dysfunctional Attitudes in Needy and Self-Critical Individuals

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Mongrain ◽  
John Trambakoulos
Keyword(s):  
Mood Induction ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Dysfunctional Beliefs ◽  
Induction Procedure ◽  
Musical Mood Induction ◽  
Depressive Vulnerability ◽  
Mood Induction Procedure

The “mood-state hypothesis” (Miranda & Persons, 1988) suggests that dysfunctional beliefs are latent in individuals vulnerable to depression until activated by a negative mood. The purpose of the current study was twofold: (a) to validate a new musical mood induction procedure and (b) to test the cognitive reactivity (or changes in the endorsement of dysfunctional beliefs) in individuals hypothesized to be vulnerable to depression (Blatt, Zohar, Quinlan, Zuroff, & Mongrain, 1995). The mood induction procedure was found to be highly effective for both the positive and the negative conditions. Needy and self-critical participants reported increases in the endorsement of dysfunctional attitudes with the depressing music. With the elating music, needy and self-critical participants experiencing an increase in happiness reported lower levels of dysfunctional attitudes. The findings support state-trait models of depressive vulnerability (Zuroff, Blatt, Sanislow, & Bondi, 1999) and further illustrate how positive mood states can ameliorate the report of maladaptive thoughts.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability as a Marker of Changes in Mood State in Daily Life by Photoplethysmography Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Deo ◽  
Kopila Agrawal ◽  
Prem Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
State Condition ◽  
Negative Mood State

Introduction: The different mood states in our daily life can affect our mental and emotional health. The aim of our study was to explore photoplethysmography to record heart rate variability as a marker of changes in mood states in our daily life.Materials and Methods: Two groups of affective pictures categorized into positive and negative sets were shown to thirty subjects on two different consecutive days with simultaneously recording of heart rate variability for 5 minutes by photoplethysmography technique. Immediately after recording on each day, 0-9 self-assessment scale was used to assess the mood state of the subject after viewing the set of pictures.Results: Sympathetic domains of heart rate variability like low frequency (200.3 ±4.1 vs. 166.7 ±2.8, p<0.05), low- and high frequency ratio (1.45 ± 0.21 vs. 0.55 ± 0.07, p<0.05) and low frequency (55.8 ± 2.9 vs. 38.6 ± 2.8, p<0.05) significantly increased in negative mood state condition as compared to positive mood state condition. High frequency (157.9 ± 3.9 vs. 264.3 ± 5.3, p<0.05) and high frequency (44 ± 2.9 vs. 61.2 ±4.2, p< 0.05) significantly increased in positive mood state condition as compared to negative mood state condition. There was significant increase in heart rate (78 ± 2.99 vs. 73 ± 3.11, p<0.05) in negative mood state as compared to positive mood state.Conclusions: Increase in sympathetic activity during negative mood state and increase in parasympathetic activity during positive mood state measured by photoplethysmography technique validates this easy and noninvasive mental assessment tool to determine different mood states.

Environmental enrichment enhances cognitive flexibility in C57BL/6 mice on a touchscreen reversal learning task

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Zeleznikow-Johnston ◽  
Emma L. Burrows ◽  
Thibault Renoir ◽  
Anthony J. Hannan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Learning Task

Using a Reversal Learning Task to Assess Cognitive Flexibility as an Influencing Factor and Effect of Three Predator Stress Exposure in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. S460
Author(s):  
Rachel Taylor ◽  
Larry Simmons ◽  
Emily Scott ◽  
Matthew May ◽  
Boris Ngouajio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Predator Stress

THE EFFECTS OF MOOD AND OPENNESS-TO-FEELING TRAIT ON CHOICE

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Chieh Chuang ◽  
Chwen-Li Chang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

How do mood states influence risk-taking and choice? This study was conducted to demonstrate and explain the relationship of mood, risk-taking, and choice. The results showed that participants were more likely to systematically display risk-taking behavior when in a negative mood than when in a positive mood. The mood effect was moderated by openness to feelings (OF) in the individual personality.

scholarly journals The Answer Is in the Question? Mood Effects on Processing Verbal Information and Impression Formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Matovic ◽  
Joseph P. Forgas
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Impression Formation ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Linguistic Information ◽  
Question Format ◽  
Mood Effects

Can good or bad mood influence how people process verbal information about others? Based on affect-cognition theories, this experiment predicted and found that the way a question is phrased has a greater influence on impressions than actual answers when judges are experiencing a negative rather than a neutral or positive mood. After an audiovisual mood induction, participants witnessed interview questions and responses by two target characters. The same level of extroversion was communicated, either by affirmative responses to questions about extraversion, or by negative responses to questions about introversion. Question format had a significant influence on impressions in negative mood but not in neutral or positive mood. The implications of these results for interpreting linguistic information in everyday social life are considered, and their relevance to contemporary affect-cognition theorizing is discussed.

P1-303: Disruption of cognitive flexibility by MK-801 and scopolamine in an operant reversal learning task in the rat

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S_Part_6) ◽  
pp. P210-P210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Hernier ◽  
Stephanie Paillard ◽  
Vincent Castagne ◽  
David Virley
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Mk 801

scholarly journals Brief Report: Feasibility of the Probabilistic Reversal Learning Task as an Outcome Measure in an Intervention Trial for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Schmitt ◽  
John A. Sweeney ◽  
Craig A. Erickson ◽  
Rebecca Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Probabilistic Reversal Learning

AbstractCognitive flexibility deficits are a hallmark feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but few evidence-based behavioral interventions have successfully addressed this treatment target. Outcome measurement selection may help account for previous findings. The probabilistic reversal learning task (PRL) is a measure of cognitive flexibility previously validated for use in ASD, but its use as an outcome measure has not yet been assessed. The current study examined the feasibility, reproducibility, and sensitivity of PRL in a within-subjects trial of Regulating Together, a group-based intervention targeting emotion regulation. We demonstrated the PRL is highly feasible, showed test–retest reproducibility, and is sensitive to detect change following the intervention. Our findings demonstrate the PRL task may be a useful outcome measure of cognitive flexibility in future intervention trials in ASD.

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