scholarly journals Effects of Chord Inversion and Bass Patterns on Harmonic Expectancy in Musicians

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-62
Author(s):  
Emily Schwitzgebel ◽  
Christopher Wm. White
Keyword(s):  
Music Theory ◽  
Computational Experiment ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Computational Experiments ◽  
Pitch Class ◽  
Frequency Measurements ◽  
Transition Models ◽  
N Gram

This study tests the respective roles of pitch-class content and bass patterns within harmonic expectation using a mix of behavioral and computational experiments. In our first two experiments, participants heard a paradigmatic chord progression derived from music theory textbooks and were asked to rate how well different target endings completed that progression. The completion included the progression’s paradigmatic target, different inversions of that chord (i.e., different members of the harmony were heard in the lowest voice), and a “mismatched” target, a triad that shared its lowest pitch with the paradigmatic ending but altered other pitch-class content. Participants generally rated the paradigmatic target most highly, followed by other inversions of that chord, with lowest ratings generally elicited by the mismatched target. This suggests that listeners’ harmonic expectations are sensitive to both bass patterns and pitch-class content. However, these results did not hold in all cases. A final computational experiment was run to determine whether variations in behavioral responses could be explained by corpus statistics. To this end, n-gram chord-transition models and frequency measurements were compiled for each progression. Our findings suggest that listeners rate highly and have stronger expectations about chord progressions that occur frequently and behave consistently within tonal corpora.

THE ANALYSIS OF REGULARITIES OF FUNCTIONING OF A DYNAMIC SYSTEM «AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE-LOAD»

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
Хмелев ◽  
R. Khmelev ◽  
Радько ◽  
A. Radko ◽  
Поздеев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic System ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Computational Experiment ◽  
Computational Experiments ◽  
Engine Load ◽  
Automotive Engine ◽  
The Road ◽  
Transmission Parameters ◽  
Regularities Of Functioning

The article is devoted to the analysis of complex regularities in the functioning of a dy-namic system «Automotive engine – load» methods of computational experiment. The object of the study was considered a GAZ-3110 with the engine ZMZ-4062. As a result of computational experiments, the regularities of the influence of the road conditions and transmission parameters on the dynamics of acceleration and fuel consumption of the car were established.

Revision of Terhardt's Psychoacoustical Model of the Root(s) of a Musical Chord

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Parncutt
Keyword(s):  
Music Theory ◽  
Generalized Model ◽  
New Model ◽  
Pitch Class ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Class C

The predictions of Terhardt's octave-generalized model of the root of a musical chord occasionally disagree with music theory (notably, in the case of the minor triad). The model is improved by assigning appropriate weights to the intervals used in the model's "subharmonic matching" routine. These intervals, called "root-supports," include the P8 (unison), P5, M3, m7, M9 (M2), and m3. The new model calculates the salience of each pitch class (C, C#/Db..B) as an absolute value. The most likely candidate for the root of a chord corresponds to the most salient pitch class in all cases where the root is unambiguously defined in music theory. The model also calculates a "root ambiguity" value for each chord, a measure of its dissonance. Effects of voicing (inversion, spacing, and doubling) and context on the root are considered.

The Micro- and Macrostructural Design of Improvised Music

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Pressing
Keyword(s):  
Music Theory ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Traditional Music ◽  
Pitch Class ◽  
Microstructural Parameters ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Improvised Music ◽  
Automatic Transcription ◽  
Pitch Class Sets

Two short pieces of freely improvised music by the same performer were recorded in microstructural detail by the use of a specially constructed automatic transcription apparatus. The apparatus consists of a modified DX7 synthesizer and 2650 microprocessor which interfaces with other computers for data processing. The resultant music is transcribed into a modified form of traditional notation and subjected to both micro- and macrostructural analysis. Microanalysis includes the areas of timing (interonset and duration distributions, displacement, chordal spreads, etc.), dynamics ( key velocity, quantization, chordal patterns, etc.), and legatoness (relative, absolute, pedaling). Macroanalysis uses the full panoply of devices from traditional music theory (tonal procedures, rhythmic and motivic design, pitch class sets, etc.). Correlations between microstructural parameters, and with macrostructure, were found to be highly significant in Improvisation A, which had a supplied external pulse, but largely absent in Improvisation B, which had no such pulse. Where pulse was present, rhythmic design was found to be based largely on pulse subdivision and shifting. Some performance effects (e.g., chordal spreads) operated over a time scale of 10 msec or less. Others (e.g., synchronization to an external pulse) showed less resolution. Differences in the distribution patterns of interonset times, durations, and legatoness suggest three independent underlying temporal mechanisms that may sometimes link together in coordination with macrostructure. Quantization ("categorical production") of some variables (interonset times, key velocities) was clearly established. The results were also interpreted in relation to an earlier model of improvisation (Pressing, 1987).

Technology in a New Key: Toward a Reexamination of Musical Theory and Practice in the Zeng Hou Yi 曾侯乙 Bells

T oung Pao ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 219-265
Author(s):  
Scott Cook
Keyword(s):  
Music Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Twelve Tone ◽  
Frequency Measurements ◽  
Warring States ◽  
Pitch Frequency ◽  
Scale Structures

Abstract This paper takes a fresh look at music-theoretical information to be gleaned from a comparison of pitch-frequency measurements to inscriptional information from the massive bronze bell-set excavated from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng and attempts to place it in the context of knowledge derived from received texts of Warring States China. After examining several textual witnesses to conceptions of music theory from that era, the paper observes how similar conceptions may have informed the inscribers of the Zeng bells, who employed a system of nomenclature that diverged in subtle yet important ways from formulations of their philosophical counterparts. The final two sections explore possible implications of the bells’ relatively unique terminology from the standpoints of scale structures and musical temperament, respectively, looking for consistent patterns of tone-to-key distributions and clues to the possible deployment of a system of intonation designed to temper the twelve-tone gamut.

scholarly journals An empirical behavioral order-driven model with price limit rules

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao-Feng Gu ◽  
Xiong Xiong ◽  
Hai-Chuan Xu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yongjie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stock Price ◽  
Computational Experiment ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Correlation Structure ◽  
Computational Experiments ◽  
Price Limits ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Price Limit ◽  
Experiment Platform ◽  
Market Participants

AbstractWe propose an empirical behavioral order-driven (EBOD) model with price limit rules, which consists of an order placement process and an order cancellation process. All the ingredients of the model are determined based on the empirical microscopic regularities in the order flows of stocks traded on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The model can reproduce the main stylized facts in real markets. Computational experiments unveil that asymmetric setting of price limits will cause the stock price to diverge exponentially when the up price limit is higher than the down price limit and to vanish vice versa. We also find that asymmetric price limits have little influence on the correlation structure of the return series and the volatility series, but cause remarkable changes in the average returns and the tail exponents of returns. Our EBOD model provides a suitable computational experiment platform for academics, market participants, and policy makers.

scholarly journals An integer programming model for gate assignment problem at airline terminals

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Kok Chun ◽  
Syarifah Zyurina Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Integer Programming ◽  
Integer Linear Programming ◽  
Assignment Problem ◽  
Computational Experiment ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Computational Experiments ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Gate Assignment

In this paper, we concentrate on a gate assignment problem (GAP) at the airlines terminal. Our problem is to assign an arrival plane to a suitable gate. There are two considerations needed to take. One of its is passenger walking distance from arrival gate to departure gate while another consideration is the transport baggage distance from one gate to another. Our objective is to minimize the total distance between the gates that related to assign the arrival plane to the suitable gates. An integer linear programming (ILP) model is proposed to solve this gate assignment problem. We also conduct a computational experiment using CPLEX 12.1 solver in AIMMS 3.10 software to analyze the performance of the model. Results of the computational experiments are presented. The efficiency of flights assignment is depends on the ratio of the weight for both total passenger traveling distances and total baggage transport distances.

scholarly journals Why Are There Twenty-Nine Tetrachords? A Tutorial on Combinatorics and Enumeration in Music Theory

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Hook
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Music Theory ◽  
Equivalence Classes ◽  
Equivalence Relations ◽  
Pitch Class ◽  
Musical Structures ◽  
Pitch Class Sets ◽  
Combinatorial Methods ◽  
Pólya’S Enumeration Theorem

Many techniques in combinatorial mathematics have applications in music theory. Standard formulas for permutations and combinations may be used to enumerate melodies, rhythms, rows, pitch-class sets, and other familiar musical entities subject to various constraints on their structure. Some music scholars in the eighteenth century advocated elementary combinatorial methods, including dice games, as aids in composition. Problems involving the enumeration of set classes, row classes, and other types of equivalence classes are more difficult and require advanced techniques for their solution, notably Pólya’s Enumeration Theorem. Such techniques are applicable in a wide variety of situations, enabling the enumeration of diverse musical structures in scales of various cardinalities and under various definitions of equivalence relations.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

A Clinical Study of Twenty-seven Children Exhibiting Functional Hearing Loss

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. McCanna ◽  
Giacinto DeLapa
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Upper Elementary ◽  
Elementary Grades ◽  
Ability Level ◽  
Hearing Problem

This report reviews 27 cases of children exhibiting functional hearing loss. The study reveals that most students were in the upper elementary grades and were predominantly females. These subjects were functioning below their ability level in school and were usually in conflict with school, home, or peers. Tests used were selected on the basis of their helping to provide early identification. The subjects' oral and behavioral responses are presented, as well as ways of resolving the hearing problem. Some helpful counseling techniques are also presented.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document