scholarly journals Comparison with decompression time and modes of air decompression tables in 5 countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-453
Author(s):  
Joonhyuk Kang
Keyword(s):  
Decompression Time

scholarly journals C.07 Door to decompression should be the benchmark in trauma craniotomies

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (S2) ◽  
pp. S12-S13
Author(s):  
J Marcoux ◽  
D Bracco
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Trauma System ◽  
Surgical Time ◽  
Delivery Of Care ◽  
Surgical Positioning ◽  
Anesthesia Time ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Decompression Time

Background: Quality control indicators for mass lesion in TBI use the delay between emergency department (ED) and OR arrival to measure quality of care. It does not provide the timing of brain decompression. The goals of this study are to observe step by step where delays occur from hospital admission until effective decompression of the brain. Methods: A prospective observational data collection of timing from ED admission to decompression was conducted for all emergency trauma craniotomies over a period of 15 months. Results: Sixty-five patients were included. Doing a CT at the outside institution instead of transferring the patient prior to CT resulted in a 112min delay in care. Neurosurgery team notification prior to patient’s arrival to ED shortened delivery of care by 51min. The time elapsed between OR arrival and brain decompression was 50min: anesthesia time 3min, surgical positioning/preparation 29min and surgical time 17min. Burrhole decompression followed by craniotomy (9min) shortened the decompression time by 17min compared to standard 4 holes craniotomy approach (26min). Conclusions: Benchmark for trauma system performance in emergency craniotomies should be door to decompression time. Bypassing CT in local hospitals, pre-alerting neurosurgeons, and burrhole decompression followed by standard craniotomy significantly decrease door to decompression time.

Deep diving and short decompression by breathing mixed gases

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1267-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Keller ◽  
A. A. Bühlmann
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Deep Diving ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Mixed Gases ◽  
Decompression Time

A series of test dives carried out by 14 subjects in depths between 130 and 1,000 ft. for periods varying between 5 min and 2 hr revealed that changes of the inert gas in the breathing mixture permit a considerable shortening of the decompression time. The physical and physiological basis of the method is discussed. physiological properties of He, N2, and Ar related to molecular weight and solubility; differences in diffusion rate and saturation speed of He, N2, and Ar Submitted on January 18, 1965

Correlation of Decompression Time and Foaming Temperature on the Cell Density of Foamed Polystyrene

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Muratani ◽  
Minoru Shimbo ◽  
Yasushi Miyano
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Saturation State ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Decompression Rate ◽  
Cell Nucleation ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Foaming Temperature ◽  
Decompression Time

In this paper, the correlation between the foaming temperature and the decompression rate (decompression time) of the cell density that is the number of cells per unit volume remaining in the foamed plastic will be discussed. Foaming was carried out by the following method: the blowing agent was soaked into the resin as a solid state at high pressure under temperatures higher than the glass transition temperature of the resin. After the foaming agent reached its saturation state, cell nucleation and cell growth were accelerated by decompression. Finally, cell growth was halted by cooling. A device that can accurately control temperature and the decompression rate was designed, produced and verified for accuracy prior to this investigation. The polystyrene (PS) specimens were foamed under various foaming temperatures and the decompression rates using the above-mentioned method. The following results were obtained: 1. Cell density of foamed polystyrene shows time and temperature dependence as follows. The cell density increases when the decompression rate is quick, i.e. the decompression time is shortened under the condition of low foaming temperature, and cell density decreases when the decompression rate is slow, i.e. decompression time is lengthened under the condition of high foaming temperature, 2. Correlation is maintained between the temperature dependence and time dependence of the cell density of foamed PS, and it can be expressed by one master curve, 3. Based on this correlation, it is possible to predict the required foaming conditions of plastics having arbitrary cell densities.

Effect of Saturation Pressure on Equivalency of Decompression Time and Foaming Temperature on Cell Density of Foamed Polystyrene

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Nakano ◽  
Minoru Shimbo ◽  
Akihiro Misawa
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Saturation Pressure ◽  
Temperature Shift ◽  
Shift Factor ◽  
Saturation State ◽  
Decompression Rate ◽  
Foaming Temperature ◽  
Decompression Time

In this paper, the effect of saturation pressure on the time-temperature equivalent law of the decompression rate (decompression time) and foaming temperature of the cell density, the number of cells per unit volume remaining in foamed plastic was discussed. The foaming was carried out in the method described be by using batch foaming process. The blowing agent was soaked into the resin as a solid state at various high saturation pressures under temperatures higher than the glass transition temperature of the resin. After foaming agent reached its saturation state, cell nucleation and cell growth were accelerated by decompression. Finally, cell growth was halted by cooling. The polystyrene (PS) specimens were foamed under the various saturation pressures, foaming temperatures and decompression rates. The following results were obtained. (1) Cell density of foamed PS shows time and temperature dependence as follows. The cell density increases when the decompression rate is quick, i.e. the decompression time is shortened at the condition of low foaming temperature, and cell density decreases when the decompression rate is slow, i.e. decompression time is lengthened at the condition of high foaming temperature under various saturation pressures. (2) The time-temperature equivalent law is maintained between the time dependence and temperature dependence of the cell density of foamed PS, and it can expressed with the same time-temperature shift factor if the decompression rate is the same even if saturation pressure changes.

Assessing the relationship between release velocity, compression depth and decompression time in manual chest compressions

Resuscitation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. e20
Author(s):  
Digna M. González-Otero ◽  
Jesus Ruiz ◽  
Sofía Ruiz de Gauna ◽  
Jose Julio Gutierrez ◽  
Mohamud Daya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chest Compressions ◽  
Compression Depth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Decompression Time

Field Comparison of Open-Circuit Scuba to Closed-Circuit Rebreathers for Deep Mixed-Gas Diving Operations

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Parrish ◽  
Richard L. Pyle
Keyword(s):  
Support System ◽  
Scuba Diving ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Closed Circuit ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Black Coral ◽  
Time Requirements ◽  
Fishery Data ◽  
Dive Profile ◽  
Decompression Time

A comparison of open-circuit scuba diving to closed-circuit (“rebreather”) diving was conducted while collecting fishery data on black coral beds in Hawaii. Both methodologies used mixed gas from the same ship-based support system. The comparison was based on a series of eight dives, four open-circuit and four closed-circuit. These were used to make a direct-comparison of the gear in a square dive profile, a multilevel profile and two dives of varying profiles. Four general criteria were considered: time requirements for topside equipment preparation and maintenance, consumption of expendables, decompression efficiency, and potential dive durations and bailout capabilities for each of the two technologies. The open-circuit divers required 4 times as much topside equipment preparation as the rebreather divers, consumed 17 times as much gas, and cost 7 times more in expendables. The open-circuit divers incurred 42% more decompression time for the square profile dives and 70% more decompression time for the multilevel profile dives than the closed-circuit dive team. Most of the decompression advantage for the closed-circuit team is from the benefit of real-time decompression calculations, but some benefit comes from the breathing gas optimization inherent to rebreathers. For a given mass of equipment, the rebreathers allow for as much as 7.7 times more bottom time, or emergency bailout capability (depending on the chosen depth of the dive), compared with the open-circuit system.

scholarly journals Optimization Of Diving With “Nitrox” Over-Oxygenated Breathing Mixtures, To Depths Of 15 ÷ 50 Metres

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 666-672
Author(s):  
Mircea Degeratu ◽  
Simona Rus ◽  
Ana Ion
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Respiratory Resistance ◽  
Decompression Time

Abstract The efficiency of diving activities carried out by divers should be increased. Improving the efficiency of interventions made with divers at depths greater than 15m has brought into focus the problem of increasing underwater working time by using over-oxygenated synthetic breathing mixtures in order to optimize the relation between working time and duration of decompression. The “NITROX” binary mixture best meets the requirements of diving at depths within the range of 15 to 50 meters. NITROX is used for depths in the range of 15 to 50 m. When this mixture is used, the decompression time shortens and the respiratory resistance decreases. Therefore, the use of NITROX leads to an improvement in diving efficiency, by increasing underwater working time, and by reducing the decompression time.

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