A compression method for DNA

The development of high-throughput sequencing technology has generated huge amounts DNA data. Many general compression algorithms are not ideal for compressing DNA data, such as the LZ77 algorithm. On the basis of Nour and Sharawi’s method,we propose a new, lossless and reference-free method to increase the compression performance. The original sequences are converted into eight intermediate files and six final files. Then, the LZ77 algorithm is used to compress the six final files. The results show that the compression time is decreased by 83% and the decompression time is decreased by 54% on average.The compression rate is almost the same as Nour and Sharawi’s method which is the fastest method so far. What’s more, our method has a wider range of application than Nour and Sharawi’s method. Compared to some very advanced compression tools at present, such as XM and FCM-Mx, the time for compression in our method is much smaller, on average decreasing the time by more than 90%.

C.07 Door to decompression should be the benchmark in trauma craniotomies

Background: Quality control indicators for mass lesion in TBI use the delay between emergency department (ED) and OR arrival to measure quality of care. It does not provide the timing of brain decompression. The goals of this study are to observe step by step where delays occur from hospital admission until effective decompression of the brain. Methods: A prospective observational data collection of timing from ED admission to decompression was conducted for all emergency trauma craniotomies over a period of 15 months. Results: Sixty-five patients were included. Doing a CT at the outside institution instead of transferring the patient prior to CT resulted in a 112min delay in care. Neurosurgery team notification prior to patient’s arrival to ED shortened delivery of care by 51min. The time elapsed between OR arrival and brain decompression was 50min: anesthesia time 3min, surgical positioning/preparation 29min and surgical time 17min. Burrhole decompression followed by craniotomy (9min) shortened the decompression time by 17min compared to standard 4 holes craniotomy approach (26min). Conclusions: Benchmark for trauma system performance in emergency craniotomies should be door to decompression time. Bypassing CT in local hospitals, pre-alerting neurosurgeons, and burrhole decompression followed by standard craniotomy significantly decrease door to decompression time.

Optimization Of Diving With “Nitrox” Over-Oxygenated Breathing Mixtures, To Depths Of 15 ÷ 50 Metres

The efficiency of diving activities carried out by divers should be increased. Improving the efficiency of interventions made with divers at depths greater than 15m has brought into focus the problem of increasing underwater working time by using over-oxygenated synthetic breathing mixtures in order to optimize the relation between working time and duration of decompression. The “NITROX” binary mixture best meets the requirements of diving at depths within the range of 15 to 50 meters. NITROX is used for depths in the range of 15 to 50 m. When this mixture is used, the decompression time shortens and the respiratory resistance decreases. Therefore, the use of NITROX leads to an improvement in diving efficiency, by increasing underwater working time, and by reducing the decompression time.

Optimization of extraction of antioxidant components from Yarrow herb

Recently, research efforts have been directed toward medicinal plants and their extracts, as important sources of natural antioxidant. Lots of biologically active compounds are responsible for the antioxidant effects of yarrow - Achillea millefilium L. extracts. The aim of our study was to determine which of the process parameters of pressure enhanced solvent extraction of Millefolii herba is significant for its efficiency and weather there are interactions between the examined parameters. Compression time, decompression time and the number of cycles were identified as independent variables, while the content of total flavonoids, tannins and total polyphenols were selected as dependent variables. For obtaining the extract of M. herba, rich in antioxidative ingredients, compression time should be set on its higher level (2.0 min), decompression time on its lower level (1.30 min) and the number of cycles on its higher level (99).

Effect of Saturation Pressure on Equivalency of Decompression Time and Foaming Temperature on Cell Density of Foamed Polystyrene

In this paper, the effect of saturation pressure on the time-temperature equivalent law of the decompression rate (decompression time) and foaming temperature of the cell density, the number of cells per unit volume remaining in foamed plastic was discussed. The foaming was carried out in the method described be by using batch foaming process. The blowing agent was soaked into the resin as a solid state at various high saturation pressures under temperatures higher than the glass transition temperature of the resin. After foaming agent reached its saturation state, cell nucleation and cell growth were accelerated by decompression. Finally, cell growth was halted by cooling. The polystyrene (PS) specimens were foamed under the various saturation pressures, foaming temperatures and decompression rates. The following results were obtained. (1) Cell density of foamed PS shows time and temperature dependence as follows. The cell density increases when the decompression rate is quick, i.e. the decompression time is shortened at the condition of low foaming temperature, and cell density decreases when the decompression rate is slow, i.e. decompression time is lengthened at the condition of high foaming temperature under various saturation pressures. (2) The time-temperature equivalent law is maintained between the time dependence and temperature dependence of the cell density of foamed PS, and it can expressed with the same time-temperature shift factor if the decompression rate is the same even if saturation pressure changes.

Correlation of Decompression Time and Foaming Temperature on the Cell Density of Foamed Polystyrene

In this paper, the correlation between the foaming temperature and the decompression rate (decompression time) of the cell density that is the number of cells per unit volume remaining in the foamed plastic will be discussed. Foaming was carried out by the following method: the blowing agent was soaked into the resin as a solid state at high pressure under temperatures higher than the glass transition temperature of the resin. After the foaming agent reached its saturation state, cell nucleation and cell growth were accelerated by decompression. Finally, cell growth was halted by cooling. A device that can accurately control temperature and the decompression rate was designed, produced and verified for accuracy prior to this investigation. The polystyrene (PS) specimens were foamed under various foaming temperatures and the decompression rates using the above-mentioned method. The following results were obtained: 1. Cell density of foamed polystyrene shows time and temperature dependence as follows. The cell density increases when the decompression rate is quick, i.e. the decompression time is shortened under the condition of low foaming temperature, and cell density decreases when the decompression rate is slow, i.e. decompression time is lengthened under the condition of high foaming temperature, 2. Correlation is maintained between the temperature dependence and time dependence of the cell density of foamed PS, and it can be expressed by one master curve, 3. Based on this correlation, it is possible to predict the required foaming conditions of plastics having arbitrary cell densities.