scholarly journals Studies on the Formation of the Protonema and the Leafy Shoot in Andreaea rupestris var. fauriei

1971 ◽  
Vol 84 (993) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko NISHIDA
Keyword(s):  
Leafy Shoot

XXVIII.—The Structure of the Foot in certain Mosses and in Anthoceros lœvis

1934 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nellie M. Blaikley
Keyword(s):  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Leafy Shoot ◽  
Central Strand

The writer recently undertook an investigation of certain aspects of the water relationships in the gametophyte of Polytrichum (2), showing that a large quantity of water ascends through the central strand of the stem and is given off in transpiration from the leafy shoot. The experiments were later extended to the sporophyte, the transpiration rate again being measured (3). While these observations were in progress, it was suggested that it would be useful at the same time to examine in detail the structure of the absorbing organ of the sporophyte, usually referred to as the “foot,” an organ which has been defined by Hy (16) as that part of the seta which is embedded throughout its life in the tissues of the gametophyte.

scholarly journals Networks of highly branched stigmarian rootlets developed on the first giant trees

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (24) ◽  
pp. 6695-6700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Hetherington ◽  
Christopher M. Berry ◽  
Liam Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Root Morphology ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Leafy Shoot ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lateral Structures

Lycophyte trees, up to 50 m in height, were the tallest in the Carboniferous coal swamp forests. The similarity in their shoot and root morphology led to the hypothesis that their rooting (stigmarian) systems were modified leafy shoot systems, distinct from the roots of all other plants. Each consists of a branching main axis covered on all sides by lateral structures in a phyllotactic arrangement; unbranched microphylls developed from shoot axes, and largely unbranched stigmarian rootlets developed from rhizomorphs axes. Here, we reexamined the morphology of extinct stigmarian systems preserved as compression fossils and in coal balls from the Carboniferous period. Contrary to the long-standing view of stigmarian systems, where shoot-like rhizomorph axes developed largely unbranched, root-hairless rootlets, here we report that stigmarian rootlets were highly branched, developed at a density of ∼25,600 terminal rootlets per meter of rhizomorph, and were covered in root hairs. Furthermore, we show that this architecture is conserved among their only extant relatives, herbaceous plants in the Isoetes genus. Therefore, despite the difference in stature and the time that has elapsed, we conclude that both extant and extinct rhizomorphic lycopsids have the same rootlet system architecture.

scholarly journals An evidence-based 3D reconstruction of Asteroxylon mackiei the most complex plant preserved from the Rhynie chert

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J Hetherington ◽  
Siobhán L Bridson ◽  
Anna Lee Jones ◽  
Hagen Hass ◽  
Hans Kerp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Early Life ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Leafy Shoot ◽  
Rhynie Chert ◽  
Development And Evolution

The 407-million-year-old Rhynie chert preserves the earliest terrestrial ecosystem and informs our understanding of early life on land. However, our knowledge of the 3D structure, and development of these plants is still rudimentary. Here we used digital 3D reconstruction techniques to produce the first complete reconstruction of the lycopsid Asteroxylon mackiei, the most complex plant in the Rhynie chert. The reconstruction reveals the organisation of the three distinct axes types — leafy shoot axes, root-bearing axes and rooting axes — in the body plan. Combining this reconstruction with developmental data from fossilised meristems, we demonstrate that the A. mackiei rooting axis — a transitional lycophyte organ between the rootless ancestral state and true roots — developed from root-bearing axes by anisotomous dichotomy. Our discovery demonstrates how this unique organ developed, and highlights the value of evidence-based reconstructions for understanding the development and evolution of the first complex plants on Earth.

scholarly journals A Jurassic flower bud from the Jurassic of China

2021 ◽  
pp. SP521-2021-122
Author(s):  
D.-F. Cui ◽  
Y. Hou ◽  
P. Yin ◽  
X. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Angiosperm Evolution ◽  
Leafy Shoot ◽  
Plant Fossils ◽  
Related Plant ◽  
Origin Of Angiosperms ◽  
Good Proxy

AbstractAngiosperms may be distinguished from their gymnosperm peers by their flowers, and thus a flower is a good proxy of fossil angiosperms. However, flowers and their parts are usually too frail to be preserved in the fossil record. This makes the origin of angiosperms and their flowers the foci of controversy in botany. Eliminating such botanical controversies can only be achieved by studying related plant fossils. Applying routine SEM, LM, and MicroCT technologies, we document a fossil flower bud, Florigerminis jurassica gen. et sp. nov., from the Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. This fossil includes not only a leafy shoot but also physically connected fruit and flower bud. The developmentally interpolated existence of a blooming flower between the flower bud and mature fruit in Florigerminis suggests that angiosperm flowers were present in the Jurassic, in agreement with recent botanical progress. Florigerminis jurassica underscores the presence of angiosperms in the Jurassic and demands a re-thinking on angiosperm evolution.

Zingiber calcicola (Zingiberaceae), a new species from a limestone area in south Yunnan, China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 525 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
HONG-BO DING ◽  
DONG-LI QUAN ◽  
XIAO-DONG ZENG ◽  
JIAN-WU LI ◽  
YUN-HONG TAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Habitat Distribution ◽  
Leafy Shoot ◽  
Terminal Inflorescence ◽  
A New Species

Zingiber calcicola Y.H.Tan & H.B.Ding, sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae) from a limestone area in south Yunnan, China is described and illustrated here. It belongs to Zingiber sect. Dymczewiczia due to the terminal inflorescence on the leafy shoot. The description, photographs, habitat, distribution, phenology and a comparison with the allied species are also provided.

The early fossil history of Salicaceae: a brief review

1992 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Collinson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Leafy Shoot ◽  
History Of ◽  
Riparian Habitats

SynopsisCurrent evidence for early fossil Salicaceae is summarised. Most data come from Europe and North America where revisionary studies are in progress in several laboratories. The earliest records of the modern genera are from North America with Populus section Abaso in the Late Palaeocene and Salix subgenus Salix in the early Eocene. This evidence is based mainly on leaves but the presence of Populus is confirmed by a leafy shoot with attached fruiting raceme. The two genera first occur later in Europe with Populus in the uppermost Eocene and Salix in the Middle Oligocene. Members of both genera in both continents apparently occupied riparian habitats early in their history.

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