scholarly journals A Jurassic flower bud from the Jurassic of China

2021 ◽  
pp. SP521-2021-122
Author(s):  
D.-F. Cui ◽  
Y. Hou ◽  
P. Yin ◽  
X. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Angiosperm Evolution ◽  
Leafy Shoot ◽  
Plant Fossils ◽  
Related Plant ◽  
Origin Of Angiosperms ◽  
Good Proxy

AbstractAngiosperms may be distinguished from their gymnosperm peers by their flowers, and thus a flower is a good proxy of fossil angiosperms. However, flowers and their parts are usually too frail to be preserved in the fossil record. This makes the origin of angiosperms and their flowers the foci of controversy in botany. Eliminating such botanical controversies can only be achieved by studying related plant fossils. Applying routine SEM, LM, and MicroCT technologies, we document a fossil flower bud, Florigerminis jurassica gen. et sp. nov., from the Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. This fossil includes not only a leafy shoot but also physically connected fruit and flower bud. The developmentally interpolated existence of a blooming flower between the flower bud and mature fruit in Florigerminis suggests that angiosperm flowers were present in the Jurassic, in agreement with recent botanical progress. Florigerminis jurassica underscores the presence of angiosperms in the Jurassic and demands a re-thinking on angiosperm evolution.

scholarly journals Exigências Térmicas da Floração à Frutificação de Espécies de Myrtaceae em Ambiente de Restinga (Thermal Requirements of Flowering to Fruiting of Species of Myrtaceae in Restinga Environment)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 707
Author(s):  
Leila Lia Teixeira Cunha ◽  
Eliseu Marlônio Pereira de Lucena ◽  
Oriel Herrera Bonilla
Keyword(s):  
Ice Cream ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Heat Units ◽  
Commercial Potential

As Myrtaceae destacam-se por apresentar grande potencial comercial, pois seus frutos podem ser consumidos tanto in natura como na forma de geleias, doces e sorvetes. No entanto, existem poucos estudos de exigências térmicas com as espécies desta família. Dessa forma, esse estudo objetivou determinar as exigências térmicas da floração à frutificação de quatro espécies de Myrtaceae nativas da Restinga cearense, Campomanesia aromatica (Aubl) Griseb. (guabiraba), Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. (murta), Eugenia tinctoria Gagnep. (mapirunga) e Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC. (viuvinha). O estudo foi realizado no Parque Estadual Botânico do Ceará, Caucaia-CE, e no Jardim Botânico de São Gonçalo, São Gonçalo do Amarante-CE. Foram selecionadas 10 plantas por espécie e marcados até quatro ramos florais por planta. Após a marcação, observou-se as fenofases da floração à frutificação, caracterizou-se em dias cada fenofase e fez-se o calculo das exigências térmicas. Os resultados indicaram que a energia exigida do botão floral até a flor em antese, foi de 57,85 unidades de calor (UC) para M. splendens, 73,90 UC para C. aromatica, 202,25 UC para E. punicifolia e 275,55 UC para E. tinctoria. Para a frutificação, a partir da flor em antese até o estádio de fruto maduro foi de 1.469,50 UC para E. tinctoria, 1.553,50 UC para C. aromatica e 2.325,40 UC para M. splendens. Conclui-se que utilizando 10ºC como a temperatura base (Tbase) para as Myrtaceae nativas da Restinga cearense, as exigências térmicas da floração à frutificação para E. tinctoria, C. aromatica e M. splendens, foram crescentes, respectivamente.   A B S T R A C T The Myrtaceae stands out for presenting great commercial potential because their fruit can be consumed in natura and in the form of jellies, sweets and ice cream. However, there are few studies of thermal requirements with the species of this family. Thus, this study aimed to determine the thermal requirements of flowering to fruiting of four  species of native Myrtaceae of Ceara Restinga, Campomanesia aromatica (Aubl) Griseb. (guabiraba), Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. (myrtle), Eugenia tinctoria Gagnep. (mapirunga) and Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC. (viuvinha). The study was conducted at the Botanical State Park of Ceara, Caucaia-CE, and the Botanical Garden of São Gonçalo, São Gonçalo do Amarante-CE. We selected 10 plants by species and marked up to four floral branches per plant. After marking, phenophases was observed flowering to fruiting, characterized in days each phenophase and made the calculation of thermal requirements. The results indicated that the required energy of the flower bud to flower in anthesis was 57.85 heat units (HU) for M. splendens, 73.90 HU for C. aromatica, 202.25 HU for E. punicifolia and 275.55 HU for E. tinctoria. For fruiting from the flower in anthesis to mature fruit stadium was 1469.50 HU for E. tinctoria, 1553.50 HU for C. aromatica and 2325.40 HU for M. splendens. It was concluded that using 10°C as the base temperature (Tbase) for native Myrtaceae of Ceara Restinga, the thermal requirements of flowering to fruiting of E. tinctoria, C. aromatica and M. splendens were growing, respectively. Keywords: Campomanesia, Eugenia, Myrcia, degree-days.   

scholarly journals A new hynobiid-like salamander (Amphibia, Urodela) from Inner Mongolia, China, provides a rare case study of developmental features in an Early Cretaceous fossil urodele

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Jia ◽  
Ke-Qin Gao
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Developmental Features ◽  
New Discovery

A new fossil salamander,Nuominerpeton aquilonaris(gen. et sp. nov.), is named and described based on specimens from the Lower Cretaceous Guanghua Formation of Inner Mongolia, China. The new discovery documents a far northern occurrence of Early Cretaceous salamanders in China, extending the geographic distribution for the Mesozoic fossil record of the group from the Jehol area (40th–45th parallel north) to near the 49th parallel north. The new salamander is characterized by having the orbitosphenoid semicircular in shape; coracoid plate of the scapulocoracoid greatly expanded with a convex ventral and posterior border; ossification of two centralia in carpus and tarsus; and first digit being about half the length of the second digit in both manus and pes. The new salamander appears to be closely related to hynobiids, although this inferred relationship awaits confirmation by research in progress by us on a morphological and molecular combined analysis of cryptobranchoid relationships. Comparison of adult with larval and postmetamorphic juvenile specimens provides insights into developmental patterns of cranial and postcranial skeletons in this fossil species, especially resorption of the palatine and anterior portions of the palatopterygoid in the palate and the coronoid in the mandible during metamorphosis, and postmetamorphic ossification of the mesopodium in both manus and pes. Thus, this study provides a rare case study of developmental features in a Mesozoic salamander.

scholarly journals The first tetrapod from the mid-Miocene Clarkia lagerstätte (Idaho, USA)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4880
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. M. Calede ◽  
John D. Orcutt ◽  
Winifred A. Kehl ◽  
Bill D. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Ecological Diversity ◽  
Anoxic Zone ◽  
Large Specimen ◽  
Skeletal Morphology ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
Plant Fossils ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Preservation Conditions

The Clarkia lagerstätte (Latah Formation) of Idaho is well known for its beautifully preserved plant fossils as well as a fauna of insects and fish. Here we present the first known tetrapod fossil from these deposits. This specimen, recovered from the lower anoxic zone of the beds, is preserved as a carbonaceous film of a partial skeleton associated with a partial lower incisor and some tooth fragments. The morphology of the teeth indicates that the first tetrapod reported from Clarkia is a rodent. Its skeletal morphology as well as its bunodont and brachydont dentition suggests that it is a member of the squirrel family (Sciuridae). It is a large specimen that cannot be assigned to a known genus. Instead, it appears to represent the first occurrence of a new taxon with particularly gracile postcranial morphology likely indicative of an arboreal ecology. This new specimen is a rare glimpse into the poorly known arboreal mammal fossil record of the Neogene. It supports a greater taxonomic and ecological diversity of Miocene Sciuridae than previously recognized and offers new lines of inquiry in the paleoecological research enabled by the unique preservation conditions of the Clarkia biota.

The first discovery of fossil rhopalids (Heteroptera: Coreoidea) from Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1269 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUNZHI YAO ◽  
WANZHI CAI ◽  
DONG REN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
New Genera ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Jiulongshan Formation

Two new genera and two new species of fossil rhopalid, Miracorizus punctatus gen. & sp. nov. and Longiclavula calvata gen. & sp. nov., are described and illustrated. They were collected from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Inner Mongolia, China. This is the earliest fossil record of the family Rhopalidae in the world.

Does the fossil record of spiders track that of their principal prey, the insects?

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Penney
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Origin Of Angiosperms ◽  
Fossil Records ◽  
Insect Family ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTThe currently accepted cladogram of spider phylogeny and palaeontological data are used to evaluate spider family richness through geological time. A significantly more diverse spider fossil record is predicted than observed. The predicted rate of spider family diversification is considered more accurate because of its close similarity at 0 Ma to the number of extant families. Predicted spider family palaeodiversity is compared with insect family palaeodiversity to investigate whether spiders track insects through geological time. At the family level, the insects, and observed and predicted spider fossil records show an exponential increase over time, the pattern typical of a radiating group. No significant differences are observed in the rates of change in the slopes, and hence rate of diversification of spiders and insects over time. This suggests that spiders probably co-radiated alongside the insects, with the major radiations of both groups occurring at least 100 Ma before the origin of angiosperms.

scholarly journals A golden orb-weaver spider (Araneae: Nephilidae: Nephila ) from the Middle Jurassic of China

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Selden ◽  
ChungKun Shih ◽  
Dong Ren
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
North China ◽  
North China Block ◽  
Dominican Amber ◽  
The North ◽  
Extant Genus ◽  
The Family

Nephila are large, conspicuous weavers of orb webs composed of golden silk, in tropical and subtropical regions. Nephilids have a sparse fossil record, the oldest described hitherto being Cretaraneus vilaltae from the Cretaceous of Spain. Five species from Neogene Dominican amber and one from the Eocene of Florissant, CO, USA, have been referred to the extant genus Nephila . Here, we report the largest known fossil spider, Nephila jurassica sp. nov., from Middle Jurassic (approx. 165 Ma) strata of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. The new species extends the fossil record of the family by approximately 35 Ma and of the genus Nephila by approximately 130 Ma, making it the longest ranging spider genus known. Nephilidae originated somewhere on Pangaea, possibly the North China block, followed by dispersal almost worldwide before the break-up of the supercontinent later in the Mesozoic. The find suggests that the palaeoclimate was warm and humid at this time. This giant fossil orb-weaver provides evidence of predation on medium to large insects, well known from the Daohugou beds, and would have played an important role in the evolution of these insects.

scholarly journals Zhangwuia: an enigmatic organ with a bennettitalean appearance and enclosed ovules

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Jian Liu ◽  
Ye-Mao Hou ◽  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Exterior Space ◽  
Fossil Evidence ◽  
Female Part ◽  
Origin Of Angiosperms ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThe feature distinguishing typical angiosperms from gymnosperms is that their ovules are enclosed before pollination. Bennettitales were formerly related to angiosperms because of the flower-like organisation of the former's reproductive organs. There is little information on how the naked ovules of Bennettitales became enclosed in angiosperms because fossil evidence for such a transition, if it exists, has not been described. Here, we report a reproductive organ, Zhangwuia gen. nov., from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. Like many Bennettitales, the arrangement of the foliar parts around the female part in Zhangwuia demonstrates a resemblance to typical angiosperm flowers. It is noteworthy that the ovule is secluded from the exterior space in Zhangwuia, therefore implying the existence of angio-ovuly. Although Bennettitales have been related to angiosperms for more than a hundred years, their way of ovule-enclosing was not previously revealed. The discovery of Zhangwuia prompts a rethinking of the relationship between Bennettitales and angiosperms, as well as of the origin of angiosperms.

The first fossil buprestids from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of China (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2745 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAOXIONG PAN ◽  
HUALI CHANG ◽  
DONG REN ◽  
CHUNGKUN SHIH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
New Genus ◽  
First Record ◽  
Jiulongshan Formation ◽  
Three New Species

A new genus with three new species of fossil Buprestidae, Sinoparathyrea bimaculata gen. et sp. nov., S. gracilenta sp. nov., and S. robusta sp. nov., from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Inner Mongolia, China, are described. This is the earliest fossil record of buprestids in China and it is also the first record of buprestids from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of China.

Plant fossils from the Lower Jurassic coal-bearing formation of central Inner Mongolia of China and their implications for palaeoclimate

Palaeoworld ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Hui Deng ◽  
Yi Zhao ◽  
Yuan-Zheng Lu ◽  
Ping Shang ◽  
Ru Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Plant Fossils ◽  
Jurassic Coal

FLOWER AND FRUIT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF THE XEROPHYTE OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitzchak Gutterman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Terminal Segment ◽  
Prickly Pear ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica

The developmental stages of the flower bud of Opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear), from the initial active meristem of the axillary flower bud to the mature fruit, including pollination and seed development, are followed. This xerophyte develops flower buds mainly from the axillary buds on the margin of the apical part of the terminal segment of the flat, leafless branch (platiclades). Flower bud meristems start to be active and secrete mucus in January. The red-bracted flower buds start to appear in March/April, flowers open during May/June, and fruit matures during June/August. The developmental stages were divided into 11 stages, and some were photographed by SEM.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document