scholarly journals CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF CALCIUM OXIDE FROM FISHBONE WASTE IN WASTE COOKING OIL TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuni Widiarti ◽  
Wijianto Wijianto ◽  
Nanik Wijayati ◽  
Harjito Harjito ◽  
Samuel Budi Wardhana Kusuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Methyl Elaidate ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

Calcium oxide was obtained from waste fish bones that has been carried out systematically by decomposition at various temperatures that 800oC, 900oC and 1000oC for 4 hours. Calcium oxide from the decomposition process was characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM EDX and SAA. The result of XRD Diffractogram showed that the crystallinity increased as the calcination temperature increased. The absorption bands in the FTIR spectra of calcium oxide from calcined waste fish bones shown at 355 cm-1 region indicated CaO vibration, which was reinforced by the emergence of a peak at 859 cm-1. Based on the analysis using SEM EDX, the calcined waste fish bones typically irregular particles and contained dominant calcium element. The low value of BET surface area and the total of pore volume were consistent with the adsorption measurement with SAA. The calcium oxide was applied for biodiesel synthesis from Waste cooking oil through transesterification reaction. The result of the optimization that the calcium oxide was decomposed from waste fish bones at 900oC. It exhibited best catalytic activity in the transesterification of waste cooking oil providing maximum biodiesel yield of 93% at 4% (w/v) of catalyst loading. The decomposition of biodiesel are determined by GC MS that produced methyl palmitate, methyl linoleate, methyl elaidate, methyl linoleolate, methyl stearate and methyl linolenate.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Shell-Derived Calcium Oxide Catalysts for the Production of Biodiesel Esters from Cooking Oils

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Ngee Sing Chong ◽  
Francis Uchenna Okejiri ◽  
Saidi Abdulramoni ◽  
Shruthi Perna ◽  
Beng Guat Ooi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Percentage Conversion

Due to the high cost of feedstock and catalyst in biodiesel production, the viability of the biodiesel industry has been dependent on government subsidies or tax incentives. In order to reduce the cost of production, food wastes including eggshells and oyster shells have been used to prepare calcium oxide (CaO) catalysts for the transesterification reaction of biodiesel synthesis. The shells were calcined at 1000 °C for 4 hours to obtain CaO powders which were investigated as catalysts for the transesterification of waste cooking oil. The catalysts were characterized by Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Reaction parameters such as methanol-to-oil molar ratio, CaO catalyst concentration, and reaction time were evaluated and optimized for the percentage conversion of cooking oil to biodiesel esters. The oyster-based CaO showed better catalytic activity when compared to the eggshell-based CaO under the same set of reaction conditions.

Utilization of Chicken Eggshells as Catalyst in Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (S) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
Lizda Johar Mawarani ◽  
Thomas Andherson Sihombing ◽  
Doty Dewi Risanti ◽  
Muhannad Illayan Massadeh ◽  
Dwi Prananto
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Solid Oxides ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

Solid oxides are the most used catalyst for the synthesis of biodiesel, one of which is calcium oxide (CaO). This research reports the synthesis of CaO catalysts sourced from chicken eggshells through the calcination process. Chicken eggshells were cleaned and dried for 24 h at 120 oC. The eggshells were then calcined at temperatures varying from 600 oC to 900 oC for 6 h and the resulted sample were characterized by FTIR and XRD. The biodiesel synthesis was conducted at 65 ºC with a reaction time of 2 h and the concentration of catalyst was varied at 3 wt%, 6 wt%, and 9 wt%. The optimal biodiesel synthesis was obtained at a concentration of CaO catalyst formed at a calcination temperature of 900 ºC at 9 wt%. The yield of biodiesel conversion was obtained at 81.43 % and glycerol was produced as a by-product.

scholarly journals Optimized Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) using Calcium Oxide (CaO) Nano-catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadesse Anbessie Degfie ◽  
Tadios Tesfaye Mamo ◽  
Yedilfana Setarge Mekonnen
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Nano Catalyst

AbstractBiodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO) provides an alternative energy means of producing liquid fuels from biomass for various uses. Biodiesel production by recycling WCO and methanol in the presence of calcium oxide (CaO) nano-catalyst offers several benefits such as economic, environmental and waste management. A nano-catalyst of CaO was synthesized by thermal-decomposition method and calcinated at 500 °C followed by characterization using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. The XRD results revealed nano-scale crystal sizes at high purity, with a mean particle size of ~29 nm. The SEM images exhibited morphology of irregular shapes and porous structure of the synthesized nanocatalysts. The highest conversion of WCO to biodiesel was estimated to be 96%, at optimized experimental conditions i.e., 50 °C, 1:8 WCO oil to methanol ratio, 1% by weight of catalyst loading rate and 90 minutes reaction time, which is among few highest conversions reported so far. Biodiesel properties were tested according to the American (ASTM D6571) fuel standards. All reactions are carried-out under atmospheric pressure and 1500 rpm of agitation.

scholarly journals Characterization and Utilization of Calcium Oxide (CaO) Thermally Decomposed from Fish Bones as a Catalyst in the Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldes Lesbani ◽  
Sabat Okta Ceria Sitompul ◽  
Risfidian Mohadi ◽  
Nurlisa Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Fish Bones

scholarly journals Biodiesel Synthesis From Waste Cooking Oil Using CaO.SrO Catalyst By Transesterification Reaction In Batch Reactor

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
Nuni Widiarti ◽  
Ismi Arinal Haq ◽  
F. Widhi Mahatmanti ◽  
Harjito Harjito ◽  
Cepi Kurniawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Catalyst Surface ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
And Shifts

CaO is a very good catalyst for oil transesterification reactions into biodiesel, but requires a reaction time of 2 hours to obtain equilibrium. The time of CaO catalysis reaction can be accelerated by modifying the CaO catalyst with SrO. Synthesis biodiesel of waste cooking oil has been successfully conducted by transesterification reaction that used batch reactor assisted by CaO.SrO catalyst. The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics and catalytic activity of catalyst in the transesterification reaction. Catalysts have been successfully synthesized by coprecipitation method with oil to methanol molar ratio of 1:1, and its calcined at 800oC for 3 hours. Catalyst was characterized by XRD to determine the crystallinity. The smaller catalyst crystallinity obtained as the decline in intensity and shifts diffraction angles of CaO modified SrO catalyst. Surface area of catalyst characterized by SAA, that allow surface area between CaO modified SrO by 10.217 m2/g. Transesterification reaction performed on variation time (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 minutes), and the catalysts amount (1, 2, 4, 6, 8% w/v). The optimum condition of catalytic activity in reaction for 2 hours and the catalyst amount is 1% w/v of reactants that produce yield of biodiesel is 96.4%.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil Using Periwinkle Shells as Catalyst

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
C. C. Okoye ◽  
C. F. Okey-Onyesolu ◽  
I. C. Nwokedi ◽  
O. C. Eije ◽  
E. I. Asimobi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
First Order ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Pseudo First Order

Waste materials such as periwinkle shells (PS) and waste cooking oil (WCO) were considered as heterogeneous catalyst and renewable feedstock for biodiesel production respectively in line with the current search for alternatives of the environmentally unfriendly and gradually depleting fossil fuel. PS were size reduced and calcined at 673K for 4 hours to remove carbonaceous and volatile matter in the sample. Physicochemical analyses on the WCO revealed high FFA (2.81%) therefore the need for esterification (0.42%). One factor at a time (OFAT) results show that methanol to oil ratio, catalyst loading, reaction temperature and time had significant effect on the biodisel yield. The transesterification reaction kinetics data was modelled using the zero-order, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models. The results presented from the error functions: root mean square error (RMSE), chi-square (χ2), mean absolute error(MAE) and coefficient of determination (R2) adjudged that the pseudo-first order model best described the process. An activation energy of 16.47 KJ/mol was obtained. Gas chromatography result revealed that a biodiesel yield of 73.92% was achieved at 8:1 methanol to oil ratio, 1% catalyst loading, 300 rpm stirring speed, 333K reaction temperature and 90 minutes contact time. The findings suggest potentials of PS as a viable catalyst for biodiesel production.

Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil via Ultrasonic-Assisted Catalytic System

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 552-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
Lai Nyuk Ma ◽  
Hajar Alias ◽  
Anwar Johari ◽  
Roshanida Abd Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Transesterification Method ◽  
Percentage Conversion

In this study, production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) was carried out via ultrasonic-assisted transesterification method. Calcium oxide (CaO) was used as a catalyst. The effects of methanol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature and the catalyst amount towards the percentage conversion of oil to biodiesel were investigated. The biodiesel produced was analyzed using GC-FID method. The results obtained showed that 82 % of oil was successfully converted into biodiesel. This indicates that the used oil (WCO) has the potential to be the future source of biodiesel. Catalyst concentration of 3 w/w%, methanol to oil molar ratio of 15:1 and temperature of 65°C are the best condition for the conversion of oil to biodiesel. The result obtained was found out that, methanol to oil molar ratio and catalyst amount has given significant effect on the conversion of oil. However, temperature ranged from (35 to 75) °C apparently, showed no significant effect on percentage conversion of oil.

scholarly journals Reusability and Stability Tests of Calcium Oxide Based Catalyst (K2O/CaO-ZnO) for Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Istadi Istadi ◽  
Udin Mabruro ◽  
Bintang Ayu Kalimantini ◽  
Luqman Buchori ◽  
Didi Dwi Anggoro
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Stability Tests

<p>This paper was purposed for testing reusability and stability of calcium oxide-based catalyst (K<sub>2</sub>O/CaO-ZnO) over transesterification reaction of soybean oil with methanol to produce biodiesel. The K<sub>2</sub>O/CaO-ZnO catalyst was synthesized by co-precipitation method of calcium and zinc nitrates followed by impregnation of potassium nitrate. The fresh and used catalysts were tested after regeneration. The catalysts were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and BET Surface Area in order to compare the catalyst structure between the fresh and used catalysts. The catalyst testing in transesterification proses was carried out at following operating conditions, i.e. catalyst weight of 6 wt.%, oil to methanol mole ratio of 1:15, and temperature of 60 oC. In addition, metal oxide leaching of K<sub>2</sub>O/CaO-ZnO catalyst during reaction was also tested. From the results, the catalysts exhibited high catalytic activity (80% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield after three-cycles of usage) and acceptable reusability after regeneration. The catalyst also showed acceptable stability of catalytic activity, even after three-cycles of usage. Copyright © 2016 BCREC GROUP. All rights reserved</p><p><em>Received: 10<sup>th</sup> November 2015; Revised: 16<sup>th</sup> January 2016; Accepted: 16<sup>th</sup> January 2016</em></p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong>: Istadi, I., Mabruro, U., Kalimantini, B.A.,  Buchori, L., Anggoro, D.D. (2016). Reusability and Stability Tests of Calcium Oxide Based Catalyst (K<sub>2</sub>O/CaO-ZnO) for Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel. <em>Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysis</em>, 11 (1): 34-39. (doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.1.413.34-39)</p><p><strong>Permalink/DOI</strong>: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.1.413.34-39">http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.1.413.34-39</a></p><p> </p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document