scholarly journals Biodiesel Synthesis From Waste Cooking Oil Using CaO.SrO Catalyst By Transesterification Reaction In Batch Reactor

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
Nuni Widiarti ◽  
Ismi Arinal Haq ◽  
F. Widhi Mahatmanti ◽  
Harjito Harjito ◽  
Cepi Kurniawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Catalyst Surface ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
And Shifts

CaO is a very good catalyst for oil transesterification reactions into biodiesel, but requires a reaction time of 2 hours to obtain equilibrium. The time of CaO catalysis reaction can be accelerated by modifying the CaO catalyst with SrO. Synthesis biodiesel of waste cooking oil has been successfully conducted by transesterification reaction that used batch reactor assisted by CaO.SrO catalyst. The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics and catalytic activity of catalyst in the transesterification reaction. Catalysts have been successfully synthesized by coprecipitation method with oil to methanol molar ratio of 1:1, and its calcined at 800oC for 3 hours. Catalyst was characterized by XRD to determine the crystallinity. The smaller catalyst crystallinity obtained as the decline in intensity and shifts diffraction angles of CaO modified SrO catalyst. Surface area of catalyst characterized by SAA, that allow surface area between CaO modified SrO by 10.217 m2/g. Transesterification reaction performed on variation time (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 minutes), and the catalysts amount (1, 2, 4, 6, 8% w/v). The optimum condition of catalytic activity in reaction for 2 hours and the catalyst amount is 1% w/v of reactants that produce yield of biodiesel is 96.4%.

scholarly journals Konsentrasi Katalis dan Suhu Optimum pada Reaksi Esterifikasi menggunakan Katalis Zeolit Alam Aktif (ZAH) dalam Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Kartika ◽  
Senny Widyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Directorate General

Transesterification of waste cooking oil into biodiesel using KOH catalyst with and without esterification process usingactivated natural zeolite (ZAH) catalyst has been carried out. Activation of the zeolite was done by refluxing with HCl 6Mfor 30 min, followed calcining and oxydized at 500oC for 2 hours, consecutively. The transesterification without esterificationprocess were done using KOH catalyst 1% (w/w) from oil and methanol weight and oil/methanol molar ratio 1:6 at 60oC. Theesterification reaction was also done using ZAH catalyst then continued by transesterification using KOH catalyst inmethanol media. In order to study the effect of ZAH catalyst concentration at constant temperature, the catalysts werevaried, i.e. 0, 1, 2, and 3% (w/w). To investigate the effect of temperature, the experiments were done at various temperaturefrom 30, 45, 60, and 70oC at constant catalyst concentration. The conversion of biodiesel was determined by 1H-NMRspectrometer and physical properties of biodiesel were determined using ASTM standard methods. The results showedthat the transesterification using KOH catalyst without esterification produced biodiesel conversion of 53.29%. The optimumcondition of biodiesel synthesis via esterification process were reached at 60oC and concentration of ZAH catalyst of2% (w/w), that could give biodiesel conversion = 100.00%. The physical properties were conformed with biodiesel ASTM2003b and Directorate General of Oil and Gas 2006 specification.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Shell-Derived Calcium Oxide Catalysts for the Production of Biodiesel Esters from Cooking Oils

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Ngee Sing Chong ◽  
Francis Uchenna Okejiri ◽  
Saidi Abdulramoni ◽  
Shruthi Perna ◽  
Beng Guat Ooi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Percentage Conversion

Due to the high cost of feedstock and catalyst in biodiesel production, the viability of the biodiesel industry has been dependent on government subsidies or tax incentives. In order to reduce the cost of production, food wastes including eggshells and oyster shells have been used to prepare calcium oxide (CaO) catalysts for the transesterification reaction of biodiesel synthesis. The shells were calcined at 1000 °C for 4 hours to obtain CaO powders which were investigated as catalysts for the transesterification of waste cooking oil. The catalysts were characterized by Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Reaction parameters such as methanol-to-oil molar ratio, CaO catalyst concentration, and reaction time were evaluated and optimized for the percentage conversion of cooking oil to biodiesel esters. The oyster-based CaO showed better catalytic activity when compared to the eggshell-based CaO under the same set of reaction conditions.

scholarly journals Pengembangan katalis Kalsium Oksida untuk sintesis biodiesel

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Widdy Andya Fanny ◽  
S Subagjo ◽  
Tirto Prakoso
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Bet Method ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy Resources ◽  
Basic Strength

The Improvement of Calcium Oxide Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis The development of industrial’s sector resulted in increasing demand for fuel. Fuel used is obtained from fossil fuel which is limited, and it produces several harmful gases to environment. To overcome these obstacles, the research on alternative energy resources has begun. Biodiesel has become more attractive because of its environmental benefits and it is made from renewable resources. Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oil by transesterification reaction. The aim of this research is development of CaO become super base CaO as heterogeneous for biodiesel synthesis by transesterification. The activities of both catalysts were tested by transesterification reaction in batch reactor at 60–65 oC for 4 hours. Both of those catalysts were characterized; include crystallinity by XRD, strength of base and surface area by BET method. Those solids have the basic strength about 10–11, crystalline structures, and the surface area of super base CaO about 7.7 m2/g and CaO about 9.6 m2/g. The content of methyl ester in biodiesel produced reaches 98.8%. According to SNI (minimal 96.5 %-wt) and ASTM, biodiesel of this reaction can be used as renewable energy source. Keywords: CaO, super base CaO, transesterification, biodiesel Abstrak Berkembangnya industri di dunia mengakibatkan meningkatnya kebutuhan akan bahan bakar. Selama ini bahan bakar yang digunakan diperoleh dari bahan bakar fosil yang jumlahnya terbatas, terlebih lagi hasil pembakaran bahan bakar fosil cenderung tidak ramah lingkungan. Untuk mengatasi berbagai kendala yang ditimbulkan dari penggunaan bahan bakar fosil, penelitian terhadap sumber energi alternatif mulai dilakukan. Biodiesel menarik perhatian dunia karena hasil pembakarannya lebih ramah lingkungan dan berasal dari sumber yang terbarukan. Biodiesel dihasilkan dari minyak nabati melalui reaksi transesterifikasi.Penelitian ini mengembangkan katalis CaO menjadi katalis CaO super basa untuk reaksi transesterifikasi pembentukan biodiesel. Aktivitas katalis CaO dan katalis CaO super basa tersebut diuji melalui reaksi transesterifikasi di dalam reaktor partaian pada suhu 60–65 oC selama 4 jam. Karakterisasi padatan meliputi uji kristalinitas dengan metode XRD, uji kekuatan basa, dan uji luas permukaan dengan metode BET. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa padatan memiliki kekuatan basa berkisar 10–11, bersifat kristalin, dan memiliki luas permukaan sebesar 7,7 m2/g untuk CaO super basa dan 9,6 m2/g untuk CaO. Kadar metil ester biodiesel yang dihasilkan mencapai 98,8%. Kadar metil ester menurut SNI (minimal 96,5 %-b) dan ASTM, biodiesel dari reaksi ini dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi terbarukan. Kata Kunci: CaO, CaO super basa, transesterifikasi, biodiesel

scholarly journals Modification of CaO Catalyst with Impregnation Method Using KoH in Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Syarifuddin Oko ◽  
Andri Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Egg Shells

Chicken eggshells can be used as raw material in the manufacture of CaO catalysts. Increased CaO catalyst activity can be done by the impregnation method. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of %K on the wet impregnation of CaO catalyst using KOH and to find out the impregnation catalyst (CaO / K2O) on the biodiesel yield. Prepared chicken egg shells were calcined at 900oC for 3 hours. Then the CaO obtained was impregnated using KOH with a variation of % K (5%, 7%, 9% and 12% (w / w)) while heated at 85oC. The impregnation product was calcined at 600oC for 5 hours. The impregnation catalyst (CaO K2O) was applied to the biodiesel synthesis through a transesterification reaction with a mole ratio of 1:12 waste cooking oil: methanol, the amount of catalyst was 1.5% at a reaction temperature of 70°C for 2.5 hours. Based on the results of SEM-EDS analysis, the highest K2O at 7% K was 21.99%), while the highest CaO content was at 9% K by 81.53%. For the highest surface area analysis at 7% K with a surface area of 71.22 m2 / g, alkalinity was 2.59 mmol / g. The best biodiesel was obtained with a yield of 87.17%, kinematic viscosity of 2.89 cSt, water content of 0.032%, density of 0.819 g/ml, methyl ester level of 99.39%.

Biodiesel Production through Direct Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil with Alcohol via Ultrasonic Wave

2013 ◽  
Vol 389 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Yong Feng Kang ◽  
Hua Jin Shi ◽  
Lin Ge Yang ◽  
Jun Xia Kang ◽  
Zi Qi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Ester Exchange Reaction

Biodiesel is prepared from waste cooking oil and methanol. The ester exchange reaction is conducted under ultrasonic conditions with alkali as the catalysts. Five factors influencing on the transesterification reaction of biodiesel production are discussed in this study, including the reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst amount, methanol to oil molar ratio, ultrasonic power. A series of laboratory experiments were carried out to test the conversion of biodiesel under various conditions. The process of biodiesel production was optimized by application of orthogonal test obtain the optimum conditions for biodiesel synthesis. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions were:molar ratio of oil to methanol 8:1,catalysts 1.2g KOH/100g oil,reaction temperature 70°C, reaction time 50 min,Ultrasonic power 400W. The conversion may up to 96.48%.

scholarly journals The Effect of CaO Catalyst Mass from Golden Snail Shell (Pomacea Canaliculata Lamarck) on Transesterification Reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Fachtur Rahman ◽  
Siti Rodiah
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Pomacea Canaliculata ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Snail Shell ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

Biodiesel derived from waste encourages the development of environment-friendly alternative energy. One of the wastes that can be used as biodiesel is waste cooking oil. Biodiesel from waste cooking oil has some advantages such as non-toxic, less Carbon monoxide (CO), and environment-friendly. The produce of biodiesel from waste cooking oil was through transesterification reaction using CaO catalyst derived from golden snail shell. This study aimed to determine the optimum amount of catalyst that produced the highest yield. In this study, methanol was used as solvent by the molar ratio of methanol/waste cooking oil of 30:1, reaction temperature of 65˚C, reaction time for 2 hour, and variations of amount catalyst 3%, 5% and 7% by weight waste cooking oil. Biodiesel was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy showed that the highest yield achieved using 7% catalyst amounts was 93.28%.

Application of Calcium Methoxide as Solid Base Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichaonn Chumuang ◽  
Vittaya Punsuvon
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Cooking Oil

In this study, the biodiesel production of waste cooking oil using calcium methoxide as solid base catalyst was investigated. The calcium methoxide catalyst was synthesized from calcined quick lime reacted with methanol. The XRD result showed that the catalyst was successfully synthesized with sufficient purity. The strength of catalyst was examined on the transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil and methanol. Parameters affecting on transesterification such as the catalyst concentration, methanol-to-oil-molar ratio, reaction time and reaction temperature were investigated. The results showed that the percentage of fatty acid methyl ester conversion of 99.06%. The optimum conditions were achieved within 3 h using 3wt% catalyst concentration, 12:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio and 65°C reaction temperature. In addition, the kinetic study of transesterification reaction was carried out at the temperature from 30°C to 65°C. The pseudo-first order was good agreement with the experiment results. The reaction rate constant (k) and activated energy (Ea) were determined as 0.023 min-1 and 55.77 kJ/mol, respectively.

scholarly journals CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF CALCIUM OXIDE FROM FISHBONE WASTE IN WASTE COOKING OIL TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuni Widiarti ◽  
Wijianto Wijianto ◽  
Nanik Wijayati ◽  
Harjito Harjito ◽  
Samuel Budi Wardhana Kusuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Methyl Elaidate ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

Calcium oxide was obtained from waste fish bones that has been carried out systematically by decomposition at various temperatures that 800oC, 900oC and 1000oC for 4 hours. Calcium oxide from the decomposition process was characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM EDX and SAA. The result of XRD Diffractogram showed that the crystallinity increased as the calcination temperature increased. The absorption bands in the FTIR spectra of calcium oxide from calcined waste fish bones shown at 355 cm-1 region indicated CaO vibration, which was reinforced by the emergence of a peak at 859 cm-1. Based on the analysis using SEM EDX, the calcined waste fish bones typically irregular particles and contained dominant calcium element. The low value of BET surface area and the total of pore volume were consistent with the adsorption measurement with SAA. The calcium oxide was applied for biodiesel synthesis from Waste cooking oil through transesterification reaction. The result of the optimization that the calcium oxide was decomposed from waste fish bones at 900oC. It exhibited best catalytic activity in the transesterification of waste cooking oil providing maximum biodiesel yield of 93% at 4% (w/v) of catalyst loading. The decomposition of biodiesel are determined by GC MS that produced methyl palmitate, methyl linoleate, methyl elaidate, methyl linoleolate, methyl stearate and methyl linolenate.

scholarly journals Production of Biodiesel by Transesterification Reaction of Waste Cooking Oil

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Donald Raoul Tchuifon Tchuifon ◽  
Serges Bruno Lemoupi Ngomade ◽  
George Nche Ndifor-Angwafor ◽  
Paul Alain Nanssou Kouteu ◽  
Tchoumboue Nsah-Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Living Organisms

Waste cooking oils are an agro-food waste with adverse effects on the health of living organisms and the environment. The main objective of this work is to valorize waste cooking oil for the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of biodiesel. The method used is based on the transesterification reaction of the oils using methanol and a basic homogeneous catalyst. In this study we employ waste from refined palm oil used for frying doughnuts. After optimization a reaction time of 2 hours, KOH catalyst, and a molar ratio of 9:1 were selected to obtain a good quality biodiesel. Physicochemical characterization was performed on the biodiesel to obtain its density, viscosity, calorific value, acid number, saponification index and IR spectral features. The analysis shows that the biodiesel obtained after transesterification has physicochemical characteristics similar to those of diesel and is consistent with American standards.

scholarly journals Two-Stage Biodiesel Synthesis from Used Cooking Oil with a High Acid Value via an Ultrasound-Assisted Method

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3703
Author(s):  
Ming-Chien Hsiao ◽  
Wei-Ting Lin ◽  
Wei-Cheng Chiu ◽  
Shuhn-Shyurng Hou
Keyword(s):  
Acid Value ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
High Acid ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

In this study, ultrasound was used to accelerate two-stage (esterification–transesterification) catalytic synthesis of biodiesel from used cooking oil, which originally had a high acid value (4.35 mg KOH/g). In the first stage, acid-catalyzed esterification reaction conditions were developed with a 9:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, sulfuric acid dosage at 2 wt %, and a reaction temperature of 60 °C. Under ultrasound irradiation for 40 min, the acid value was effectively decreased from 4.35 to 1.67 mg KOH/g, which was decreased to a sufficient level (<2 mg KOH/g) to avoid the saponification problem for the subsequent transesterification reaction. In the following stage, base-catalyzed transesterification reactions were carried out with a 12:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, a sodium hydroxide dosage of 1 wt %, and a reaction temperature of 65 °C. Under ultrasound-assisted transesterification for 40 min, the conversion rate of biodiesel reached 97.05%, which met the requirement of EN 14214 standard, i.e., 96.5% minimum. In order to evaluate and explore the improvement of the ultrasound-assisted two-stage (esterification–transesterification) process in shortening the reaction time, additional two-stage biodiesel synthesis experiments using the traditional mechanical stirring method under the optimal conditions were further carried out in this study. It was found that, under the same optimal conditions, using the ultrasound-assisted two-stage process, the total reaction time was significantly reduced to only 80 min, which was much shorter than the total time required by the conventional method of 140 min. It is worth noting that compared with the traditional method without ultrasound, the intensification of the ultrasound-assisted two-stage process significantly shortened the total time from 140 min to 80 min, which is a reduction of 42.9%. It was concluded that the ultrasound-assisted two-stage (esterification–transesterification) catalytic process is an effective and time-saving method for synthesizing biodiesel from used cooking oil with a high acid value.

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