DIRECT ACTION OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON THE RAT MAMMARY GLAND

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ahrén ◽  
L. Hamberger
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
The Third ◽  
Alveolar Development ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Rat Mammary Gland

ABSTRACT Testosterone propionate in arachis oil was applied locally to the skin over the third left thoracic mammary gland (= experimental gland) of castrated male and female rats. Arachis oil was applied to the third right thoracic mammary gland (= control gland). After 21–23 days of local applications the development of the experimental and control glands was studied on whole mount preparations. It was found that small doses of testosterone (0.15 mg daily) stimulated slight but definite lobule-alveolar development in the experimental glands, while the control glands did not show any alveoli. Applications of higher doses of testosterone propionate (0.30 and 0.75 mg daily) stimulated extensive lobule-alveolar development in the experimental glands, while only few alveoli were produced in the control glands. It may therefore be concluded that the effect of testosterone on the rat mammary gland is not mediated through other endocrine glands, but is a direct, local effect on the mammary gland structures. The result is discussed in relation to our present knowledge of the hormonal control of different growth processes within the mammary glands.

THE SECRETORY CAPACITY OF THE AUTOTRANSPLANTED HYPOPHYSIS AS INDICATED BY THE EFFECTS OF STEROID HORMONES ON THE MAMMARY GLANDS

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Ahrén
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Kidney Capsule ◽  
Alveolar Development ◽  
Rat Mammary Gland ◽  
Secretory Capacity

ABSTRACT The capacity of the rat mammary gland to respond to testosterone stimulation with lobule-alveolar development only when growth hormone is present, has in these experiments been used as a method for studying whether the pituitary gland, autotransplanted into the kidney capsule, can secrete growth hormone. Injections of 0.05 or 0.25 mg of testosterone propionate daily for 14 days did not stimulate any lobule-alveolar development in the mammary glands of castrated rats with autotransplanted hypophysis. When this treatment was given for about 4 weeks, a few alveoli were seen in the mammary glands. In castrated rats with intact pituitary gland the same doses of testosterone propionate stimulated an extense lobule-alveolar development even after only 14 days of treatment. Injections of testosterone propionate together with growth hormone in rats with autotransplanted hypophysis stimulated the same degree of lobule-alveolar development as did injections of testosterone alone in rats with intact pituitary gland. These observations on the mammary glands indicate that there is a considerable deficiency of growth hormone in rats with the pituitary gland autotransplanted into the kidney capsule. These results are discussed, together with the value of the method used for estimating the presence of growth hormone.

GONADOTROPHIN PATTERNS IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS:

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Boyd ◽  
Donald C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Prostate Weight ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Normal Males

ABSTRACT The effects of various doses of testosterone propionate (TP) upon the release of luteinizing hormone (LH or ICSH) from the hypophysis of a gonadectomized male or female rat were compared. Prostate weight in hypophysectomized male parabiotic partners was used to evaluate the quantity of circulating LH. Hypophyseal LH was measured by the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion method. Males castrated when 45 days old secreted significantly more LH and had three times the amount of pituitary LH as ovariectomized females. Administration of 25 μg TP daily reduced the amount of LH in the plasma, and increased the amount in the pituitary gland, in both sexes. Treatment with 50 μg caused a further reduction in plasma LH in males, but not in females, while pituitary levels in both were equal to that of their respective controls. LH fell to the same low level in partners of males or females receiving 100 μg TP. When gonadectomized at 39 days, males and females had the same amount of plasma LH, but males had more stored hormone. Pituitary levels were unchanged from controls following treatment with 12.5, 25 or 50 μg TP daily, but plasma values dropped an equal amount in both sexes with the latter two doses. Androgenized males or females, gonadectomized when 39 days old, were very sensitive to the effects of TP and plasma LH was significantly reduced with 12.5 μg daily. Pituitary LH in androgenized males was higher than that of normal males but was reduced to normal by small amounts of TP. The amount of stored LH in androgenized females was not different from that of normal females and it was unchanged by any dose of TP tested. Results are consistent with the conclusion that the male hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis is at least as sensitive as the female axis to the negative feedback effects of TP. Androgenization increases the sensitivity to TP in both males and females.

INHIBITION OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS TREATED WITH VARIOUS STEROIDS AT THE AGE OF FIVE DAYS

1965 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred A. Kind ◽  
A. Folch Pi ◽  
M. Maqueo ◽  
L. Herrera Lasso ◽  
A. Oriol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Development ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

ABSTRACT The effect of various steroids injected into 5 day old male and female rats was evaluated at the age of 45 days. In the males the degree in which testes and accessory sex tissues were atrophied, and in the females the degree of inhibition of luteinization were the indices. Various synthetic oestrogens were potent inhibitors of sexual development in both sexes while androgens were less active. The activity of several oestrogens in this test does not correlate with oestrogenic potency as measured in the uterotrophic test. Testosterone propionate produced moderate atrophy of testes and accessory sex tissue but spermatogenesis was not impaired.

INFLUENCE OF SEX HORMONES ON AMIDINOTRANSFERASE LEVELS. METABOLIC CONTROL OF CREATINE BIOSYNTHESIS

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Kriskó ◽  
James B. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Enzyme Protein ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Mammalian Enzyme

ABSTRACT Arginine: glycine amidinotransferase is the first of two enzymes involved in creatine biosynthesis. The amidinotransferase specific activity (micromoles of hydroxyguanidine formed per hour per g wet weight of tissue) of kidney homogenates of mature male rats was about twice that of females of the same age, whereas activities were equal before puberty. Castration decreased the activity of males and increased that of females. The administration of testosterone propionate to young adult female rats resulted in a significant increase in enzyme activity. The same enzyme had previously been shown to be repressible by its end-product, creatine. Although there are numerous enzymes whose synthesis is known to be under hormonal control, amidinotransferase is the only mammalian enzyme described up to now on which there appears to operate both an end-product repression mechanism and a hormonal control on the de novo synthesis of the enzyme protein.

PREVENTION OF CENTRAL DEFEMINIZATION BUT NOT MASCULINIZATION IN MALE RATS BY INHIBITION NEONATALLY OF OESTROGEN BIOSYNTHESIS

1977 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. M. VREEBURG ◽  
PAULA D. M. VAN DER VAART ◽  
P. VAN DER SCHOOT
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Function ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Copulatory Behaviour

SUMMARY An inhibitor of aromatization, androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione (ATD), was administered to newborn male and female rats and various parameters of gonadal and sexual function were examined in adulthood. Males injected with 1 mg ATD on the day of birth (day 1) and on days 3, 5, 10 and 15 postnatally, subsequently (day 55) showed normal male and female copulatory behaviour, but were not able to maintain cyclicity in ovarian transplants. When the ATD was administered by Silastic implants, however, cyclicity in ovarian transplants did occur. Neither form of treatment brought about significant changes in neonatal plasma or testicular testosterone concentrations. Female rats implanted on day 3 of life with Silastic capsules containing ATD and then given an injection of 0·25 mg testosterone propionate on day 5 subsequently showed normal ovarian function, whereas the controls receiving only testosterone propionate showed persistent vaginal cornification, anovulation and polyfollicular ovaries. The results support the view that the central conversion of testicular androgens to oestrogens during the neonatal period is necessary to abolish cyclic gonadotrophin release and to suppress female copulatory behaviour.

THE EFFECT OF HEPATECTOMY AND SEX HORMONES ON THE PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN LIVER AND SERUM OF THE RAT

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Leeuwin ◽  
E. Th. Groenewoud
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Slow Increase ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Synthetic Capacity ◽  
Low Activity

ABSTRACT A study was made of the combined effects of hepatectomy, castration and treatment with sex hormones on the pseudocholinesterase activity in liver and serum of male and female rats. Hepatectomy in normal rats results in a sharp decline of the pseudocholinesterase activity, subsequently followed in females by a rapid increase to normal values and in males by a very slow increase. Hepatectomy in castrated rats also causes a marked decrease of the pseudocholinesterase activity, but the pseudocholinesterase activity remains at a relatively low level, in both castrated females and castrated males. Daily treatment of castrated-hepatectomized females with oestradiol-benzoate, either immediately or nine days after hepatectomy induces a gradual restoration of the enzyme activity to and above the normal castrate level. When castrated-hepatectomized males are treated daily with testosterone-propionate the extremely low activity may even be depressed further. These experiments once again stress the important role played by the liver and by sex hormones in the synthesis of the enzyme pseudocholinesterase. There was no evidence from our experiments that the steroid hormones affect the speed of regeneration of the liver as a whole. From this it must be decided that they only affect the restoration of the synthetic capacity for pseudocholinesterase. In all experiments the changes in liver pseudocholinesterase activity were reflected in the serum activity.

Effect of the anterior pituitary gland and gonads on enzyme components of the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 system of male and female rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gillham ◽  
J. S. M. Hutchinson ◽  
M. B. Thorn
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Microsomal Cytochrome ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

The concentration of cytochrome P-450 in microsomes prepared from the livers of mature female Wistar-derived rats was significantly lower than in mature males. This sex difference was abolished after hypophysectomy, when the concentration of the cytochrome in males and females was not significantly different from that in the intact male. A concentration of cytochrome P-450 characteristic of females was restored by two anterior pituitary transplants under the kidney capsule of hypophysectomized females; a partial 'feminization' occurred in similarly treated hypophysectomized males. A partial 'feminization' was also achieved by the administration of rat or sheep prolactin to hypophysectomized females. Unexpectedly, the administration of l-dihydroxyphenylalanine to normal females was without effect on cytochrome P-450, whereas in intact males 'feminization' resulted. Castration of adult rats resulted in the 'feminization' of cytochrome P-450, whereas ovariectomy was without effect. Administration of testosterone propionate for 10 days, either immediately after the operation or 14 weeks later to rats castrated when adult failed, however, to reverse the fall in cytochrome P-450. The establishment of a higher concentration of cytochrome P-450 in the liver of female rats could not be brought about by the administration of testosterone propionate, whether given as a single dose on the second day after birth or as a 10-day course of treatment after puberty or both. It is concluded that the sex difference in hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 is maintained by the release in the female of an anterior pituitary factor(s) that serves to depress its concentration. The factor(s) shows some of the characteristics of prolactin but the findings are not consistent with that hormone being responsible for all of the effects observed. The release of the factor(s) in the male may be inhibited by a compound of gonadal origin other than testosterone. A sex difference could not be 'imprinted' in the female by either neonatal and/or postpubertal testosterone treatment. The concentration of hepatic microsomal cytochrome b5 and the specific activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase were found not to be sex-dependent in the rats used. However, anterior pituitary factor(s) other than prolactin and growth hormone act to suppress partially the concentration of the former and to promote the specific activity of the latter in the endoplasmic reticulum of rat hepatocytes.

An analysis of the course of infection of Moniliformis dubius (Acanthocephala) in rats

Parasitology ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. T. Crompton ◽  
D. E. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
The Third ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Average Recovery Rate ◽  
Marked Decline

An analysis of the course of infection of mixed oral infections of 12 cystacanths of Moniliformis dubius in 174 male and 179 female Wistar rats has been undertaken.There was a marked decline in the average recovery rate of worms of both sexes from hosts of both sexes during the course of the infection.Female worms from both male and female rats showed, on average, a greater power of survival than male worms from the third period (10–13 weeks) onwards.Male rats were found to retain, on average, a greater number of worms of both sexes than female rats.We wish to thank Miss Susan Arnold and Mr David Barnard for excellent technical help.

EFFECT OF PROLACTIN INHIBITORY AGENTS ON THE ECTOPIC ANTERIOR PITUITARY AND THE MAMMARY GLAND IN RATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-J. Gräf ◽  
R. Horowski ◽  
M. F. El Etreby
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Simultaneous Administration ◽  
Dopaminergic Receptors ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Inhibitory Agents

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to investigate the biological effectiveness of two highly potent prolactin (PRL) inhibitors, lisuride hydrogen maleate (LMH) and 2-Br-α-ergocryptine (CB-154), in the absence of hypothalamic factors acting directly at the level of the anterior pituitary. Hypophysectomized female rats bearing 4 transplanted pituitaries beneath the kidney capsules were treated with oestradiol benzoate (OeB) and progesterone (P) with or without simultaneous administration of LHM or CB-154 for 22 days in order stimulate or inhibit lobulo-alveolar growth of the mammary glands. In addition to the investigation of the mammary glands by DNA determination and assessment of the histological pictures, the aim of this study was directed towards the influence of the substances tested at the level of the anterior pituitary remote from the hypothalmus. In this connection the changes in the different cells within the ectopic pituitaries as revealed by immunoenzyme-cytochemical studies were investigated. The results obtained support the classical view of a neuroendocrine regulation of mammary gland growth and the importance of oestrogens, P and PRL within this system. Both ergot derivatives LHM and CB-154 were able to antagonize the stimulatory effect of OeB combined with P on the mammary gland. With regard to the mechanism of action of LHM and CB-154 it is concluded that both substances act via a direct action on dopaminergic receptors within the ectopic anterior pituitary.

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