THE EFFECTS OF GONADAL HORMONES ON THE LEVELS OF PITUITARY LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN THE DOMESTIC FOWL

1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. HEALD ◽  
K. A. ROOKLEDGE ◽  
B. E. FURNIVAL ◽  
G. D. WATTS
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Ovulatory Cycle ◽  
Specific Point ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Random Intervals

SUMMARY Groups of laying mature domestic fowl were injected i.m. with varying doses of either oestradiol benzoate, testosterone propionate or progesterone and were killed at random intervals throughout the day without reference to any specific point in the ovulatory cycle. Luteinizing hormone (LH) was assayed in the anterior pituitaries of each group. It was shown that oestradiol in doses calculated to be equal to or above the physiological level, increased pituitary LH without necessarily affecting the laying cycle. Testosterone had no significant effect on pituitary LH, while progesterone significantly increased pituitary LH at doses which had no apparent effect upon ovulation. Doses effective in the laying hen had little or no effect on the pituitary content of LH in immature birds. The results in the laying hen are in harmony with the concept previously proposed, by which changes in the levels of circulating plasma oestrogens may regulate the ovulatory pattern of the fowl by inhibiting release of pituitary LH.

Changes in 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroid dehydrogenase activity in granulosa tissue during the ovulatory cycle of the laying hen (Gallus domesticus)

1985 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Ovulatory Cycle ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Maximal Plasma ◽  
Steroid Dehydrogenase

ABSTRACT The object of this study was to examine changes in the activity of granulosa 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroid dehydrogenase during the ovulatory cycle of the domestic fowl. The enzyme activity in granulosa tissue from the largest follicle increased significantly during the period 8–14 h before an expected ovulation. The increase in activity occurs before the preovulatory surge of LH and near the time of lights off. During the 4–8 h period before an ovulation, i.e. the time of maximal plasma LH concentrations, 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroid dehydrogenase activity decreased in granulosa tissue from the largest follicle. This observation is explained by proposing that the enzyme is inhibited by the large amounts of progesterone found in the tissue at this time. The results indicate that important biochemical changes are taking place within granulosa tissue of the largest ovarian follicle before the preovulatory LH surge. J. Endocr. (1985) 106, 269–273

STUDIES ON THE GLYCOPROTEINS OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL: II. THE HEXOSAMINE CONTENT OF CERTAIN TISSUES OF THE SEXUALLY IMMATURE PULLET AND SOME EFFECTS THEREON OF GONADAL HORMONES

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 627-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Anastassiadis ◽  
W. A. Maw ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Free Base ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Hexosamine Content

The concentration of total hexosamine (as free base) in the dry matter of tissues of the pullet was high in cartilage (8.0 mgm. per gm.) and in oviduct (6.4 mgm. per gm.); medium in comb and wattles, tendon, and lungs (3.0 to 5.5 mgm. per gm.); and low in voluntary muscle (1.5 mgm. per gm.). Dry defatted skin contained 8.3 mgm. per gm. Total serum hexosamine was 52 mgm. per 100 ml. and was increased significantly to about 67 mgm. per 100 ml. by treatment with estradiol benzoate (ODB) and to about 72 mgm. per 100 ml. by ODB plus testosterone propionate (TST). Serum protein was also increased significantly by the hormonal treatments, but to a relatively greater extent. The magnum of the hypertrophied oviducts of pullets treated with ODB was relatively high in dry matter (22.0%), and this dry matter was relatively rich in hexosamine (13.8 mgm. per gm.) and low in hydroxyproline (2.9 mgm. per gm.). The dry matter of the uterus and vagina was relatively low in hexosamine (6.0 mgm. per gm.) and rich in hydroxyproline (5.7 and 10.5 mgm. per gm. for uterus and vagina respectively). Concurrent administration of ODB and TST led to a greater degree of hypertrophy of the oviducts than did administration of ODB alone; both the weight and total hexosamine content of the magnum showed a greater relative increase than did the values for vagina and uterus. Some modifications of the method of determining the hexosamine content of tissues are described.

An investigation of diurnal and cyclic changes in the secretion of luteinizing hormone in the domestic hen

1983 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Wilson ◽  
R. C. Jennings ◽  
F. J. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Ovulatory Cycle ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
Steep Decline ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Lh Secretion ◽  
Domestic Hen

The characteristics of the diurnal rhythm in the concentration of LH in plasma of the domestic hen varied according to age and duration of photoperiod. A pronounced increase in LH was observed at the onset of darkness in immature hens whether maintained on schedules of 16 h light:8 h darkness (16L:8D) or 8L:16D. During weeks 4·5–15 or −17·5 raised concentrations of LH were maintained until 6 and 12 h after the onset of darkness in hens held on 16L:8D and 8L:16D respectively. By 19 weeks of age the diurnal rhythm of LH secretion had changed to resemble more closely that observed in the laying hen. An increase in the concentration of LH in plasma at the onset of darkness was of comparatively short duration and gave way, within 2–3 h, to a steep decline before a further slight increase in LH, which tended to occur at 11–14 h after the onset of darkness. Superimposed on this diurnal rhythm of LH secretion in the laying hen were a one- to threefold increase in the concentration of LH during 8–4 h before ovulation and a much less pronounced increase in LH during 0–8 h after ovulation. The pattern of changes in the concentration of LH in plasma during the ovulatory cycle was not modified by the repeated withdrawal of blood at intervals of 2 h.

THE INFLUENCE OF GONADAL HORMONES ON THE SERUM VITAMIN A OF THE IMMATURE PULLET

1949 ◽  
Vol 27d (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Chapman ◽  
M. Gluck ◽  
R. H. Common ◽  
W. A. Maw
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Gonadal Hormone ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Estradiol Dipropionate

The serum vitamin A level of sexually immature pullets was increased threefold to fourfold by intramuscular injection of 24 mgm. estradiol dipropionate plus 4.5 mgm. testosterone propionate administered in six equal doses over a 12-day period as compared with the level in similar pullets receiving only testosterone propionate. It is suggested that gonadal hormone activity is one of the factors that regulate serum vitamin A levels in the domestic fowl.

THE EFFECTS OF SOME ANTIOESTROGENS ON THE UPTAKE OF [6,7-3H]17β-OESTRADIOL BY TISSUES OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hawkins ◽  
P. J. Heald ◽  
M. Swain ◽  
P. D. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Reverse Effect ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Prior Administration

ABSTRACT Groups of laying domestic fowl were injected intramuscularly with doses of 1.2, 2.5 and 10.0 mg DMS (dimethylstilboestrol)/kg body weight for 7 days. No effect on the laying pattern was detected. The effect of intravenously administered DMS was examined at two dose levels on the distribution of radioactivity after the administration of tritiated oestradiol to the laying hen. At a level of 1 mg/kg body weight, DMS accelerated the rate of clearance of radioactivity from the plasma relative to that in control birds which received only injection vehicle in place of DMS. At the level 10 mg/kg body weight, DMS produced the reverse effect, i. e. a decrease in the rate of clearance of radioactivity from the plasma, with a corresponding, significant increase in the levels of radioactivity in all tissues examined (pituitary, median eminence, cerebral cortex and magnum). Doses of progesterone and testosterone propionate which would retard oviposition, when administered iv to hens 20 hours prior to the normal time of oviposition, were selected. The immediate effects (1.5 min later) of these compounds on the distribution of radioactivity after the administration of tritiated oestradiol were determined. Neither testosterone propionate (5 mg/kg body weight) nor progesterone (1 mg/kg body weight) affected the clearance of radioactivity from the plasma, and in the remaining tissues examined, only the uptake of radioactivity by the magnum was affected by either hormone: on a blood basis, the uptake of radioactivity in this tissue was depressed by the prior administration of testosterone propionate.

STUDIES ON THE GLYCOPROTEINS OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL: II. THE HEXOSAMINE CONTENT OF CERTAIN TISSUES OF THE SEXUALLY IMMATURE PULLET AND SOME EFFECTS THEREON OF GONADAL HORMONES

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Anastassiadis ◽  
W. A. Maw ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Free Base ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Hexosamine Content

The concentration of total hexosamine (as free base) in the dry matter of tissues of the pullet was high in cartilage (8.0 mgm. per gm.) and in oviduct (6.4 mgm. per gm.); medium in comb and wattles, tendon, and lungs (3.0 to 5.5 mgm. per gm.); and low in voluntary muscle (1.5 mgm. per gm.). Dry defatted skin contained 8.3 mgm. per gm. Total serum hexosamine was 52 mgm. per 100 ml. and was increased significantly to about 67 mgm. per 100 ml. by treatment with estradiol benzoate (ODB) and to about 72 mgm. per 100 ml. by ODB plus testosterone propionate (TST). Serum protein was also increased significantly by the hormonal treatments, but to a relatively greater extent. The magnum of the hypertrophied oviducts of pullets treated with ODB was relatively high in dry matter (22.0%), and this dry matter was relatively rich in hexosamine (13.8 mgm. per gm.) and low in hydroxyproline (2.9 mgm. per gm.). The dry matter of the uterus and vagina was relatively low in hexosamine (6.0 mgm. per gm.) and rich in hydroxyproline (5.7 and 10.5 mgm. per gm. for uterus and vagina respectively). Concurrent administration of ODB and TST led to a greater degree of hypertrophy of the oviducts than did administration of ODB alone; both the weight and total hexosamine content of the magnum showed a greater relative increase than did the values for vagina and uterus. Some modifications of the method of determining the hexosamine content of tissues are described.

CHANGES IN THE LEVELS OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN THE PITUITARY OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL DURING AN OVULATORY CYCLE

1967 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. HEALD ◽  
B. E. FURNIVAL ◽  
K. A. ROOKLEDGE
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Ovulatory Cycle ◽  
Standard Preparation ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Second Peak

SUMMARY The quantities of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the pituitary glands of the domestic fowl have been measured during an ovulatory cycle using the method of ovarian ascorbic acid depletion. Extracts of avian anterior pituitary were qualitatively similar to a standard preparation of HCG in this test and the activity was destroyed by treatment with urea. During the ovulatory cycle the levels of LH in the pituitary underwent two major changes, being high at the point of ovulation, falling and remaining low for 6 hr. after ovulation and then rising to a second peak 8 hr. before the next ovulation. The levels decreased rapidly and remained low until at least 2 hr. before ovulation. It is suggested that the variations in pituitary LH content are the result of suppression of release by ovarian hormones produced by the maturing follicles.

THE UPTAKE OF (6,7-3H) 17β-OESTRADIOL BY TISSUES OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hawkins ◽  
P. J. Heald ◽  
Patricia Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Adult Bird

ABSTRACT A limited investigation of the distribution of radioactivity in the tissues of the adult laying hen has been made at differing times after intravenous injection of (6,7-3H) 17β-oestradiol. Uptake by all tissues examined was maximal between 2.0 and 4.0 minutes after injection. There was a marked retention of radioactivity by the oviduct and the liver. Of cerebral tissues examined the uptake of radioactivity was greatest in the pituitary gland. This uptake varied according to the physiological state of the bird. Calculations based on the rates of clearance of intravenous (6,7-3H) 17β-oestradiol indicate that in the adult bird the rate of secretion by the ovary is of the order of 1–2.0 mg oestradiol/24 h.

Gonadal hormones organize and modulate the circadian system of the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (1) ◽  
pp. R62-R66 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Albers
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Circadian System ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Free Running Period

The circadian wheel-running rhythms of gonadectomized adult male, female, and perinatally androgenized female rats, maintained in constant darkness, were examined before and after implantation of Silastic capsules containing cholesterol (C) or estradiol-17 beta (E). The free-running period of the activity rhythm (tau) before capsule implantation tended to be shorter in animals exposed to perinatal androgen. Administration of C did not reliably alter tau in any group. E significantly shortened tau in 100% of females injected with oil on day 3 of life. In females, injected with 3.5 micrograms testosterone propionate on day 3, and males, E shortened or lengthened tau, with the direction and magnitude of this change in tau inversely related to the length of the individual's pretreatment tau. These data indicate that the presence of perinatal androgen does not eliminate the sensitivity of the circadian system of the rat to estrogen, since estrogen alters tau in a manner that depends on its pretreatment length.

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