STUDIES ON THE MOUSE UTERINE AUGMENTATION TEST FOR THE ASSAY OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE IN FOUR MOUSE COLONIES

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-724
Author(s):  
D. W. Christie ◽  
E. T. Bell ◽  
D. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Strain Variation ◽  
Linear Regression Coefficient ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT Assays of follicle-stimulating hormone from the National Institutes of Health (NIH-FSH-S4) have been conducted using the uterine augmentation test in four strains of mice. Dose response curves were determined for each strain using dosages of NIH-FSH ranging from 4–64 μg together with 0.1 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in five sc injections given over three days. The specificity of the assay was investigated in each strain by adding 2, 10 and 50 μg luteinizing hormone (NIH-LH-S6) to each of three doses of NIH-FSH, 6, 12 and 24 μg, forming a complete three factor experimental design; each mouse also received 0.1 IU HCG. Five mice from each strain were employed at each of the 64 treatment combinations. Values for b and λ in the dose response studies were acceptable for quantitative work but all strains were relatively insensitive. In the specificity studies the analysis of variance showed that a marked strain variation existed in the magnitude of the response to NIH-FSH and to NIH-LH while one strain showed a significant interaction between these two hormones. Regression analysis was carried out and the influence of different doses of NIH-LH on the linear regression coefficient was examined. In general it was considered that, under the conditions employed, none of the four strains would prove useful in the uterine augmentation test.

STRAIN VARIATION IN THE ASSAY OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE BY THE OVARIAN AUGMENTATION TEST IN MICE

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-282
Author(s):  
E. T. Bell ◽  
D. W. Christie
Keyword(s):  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Strain Variation ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin ◽  
Reference Preparation ◽  
Very High ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT Assays of follicle-stimulating hormone from the National Institutes of Health (NIH-FSH-S4) and the Second International Reference Preparation for Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin (IRP-HMG) have been conducted by the mouse ovarian augmentation test in animals of nine strains from five mouse breeders. Two groups of 50 mice from each colony were used to assay NIH-FSH and the Second IRP-HMG. In the experiment with NIH-FSH dosages of 37.5 to 300.0 μg were given together with 40 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in three or five sc injections over three days. When the Second IRP-HMG was assayed dosages of 0.19 to 1.5 IU were administered in five injections with 20 or 40 IU HCG. Little or no ovarian weight increase occurred following NIH-FSH in six out of nine colonies. In the remaining three the index of precision (λ) was very high. Following administration of the Second IRP-HMG a greater increase in ovarian weight occurred but a satisfactory slope was noted in only three colonies. The λ figures were generally lower than with NIH-FSH. It is concluded, that under the conditions used, six out of the nine colonies were not suitable for the assay of FSH by the ovarian augmentation test. Further work would be required to study the reliability criteria of the assay in the remaining three colonies.

THE ACTIVITY OF HUMAN FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE PREPARATIONS AS MEASURED BY A RESPONSE IN VITRO

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGARET RYLE
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Thymidine Uptake ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Urinary Fsh ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY Experiments were carried out with two highly purified preparations of human follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), of pituitary and urinary origin. The uptake of [3H]thymidine was used to measure the response of cultured infantile mouse ovaries. The activity of the pituitary FSH did not decline during 7 days' incubation in the standard culture conditions, nor was it reduced by the culture of infantile mouse ovaries in it. It did not stimulate increased thymidine uptake during the 1st day of culture. Thereafter the rate of thymidine uptake per ovary in response to pituitary FSH remained constant until the end of the 4-day culture period. The urinary FSH became progressively less effective after the 2nd day of incubation. The two preparations gave highly significant linear log dose—response curves in the range 0·01 to 0·64 i.u./ml. The results are discussed in relation to the mode of action of FSH.

Therapeutic use of gonadotrophins and clomiphene

1969 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 33-35
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Therapeutic Use ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Synthetic Compound ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The three substances now used to stimulate the gonads in infertility are human follicle stimulating hormone (HFSH) obtained mainly from post-menopausal urine, but also from human pituitary glands, human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) extracted from the urine of pregnant women, and clomiphene (Clomid - Merrell), a synthetic compound which we reviewed in 1967.1

MATURATIONAL CHANGES IN SHEEP OVARIAN FOLLICLES: GONADOTROPHIC STIMULATION OF CYCLIC AMP PRODUCTION BY ISOLATED THECA AND GRANULOSA CELLS

1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Weiss ◽  
D. T. Armstrong ◽  
J. E. A. McIntosh ◽  
R. F. Seamark
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Camp Production ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT Theca and granulosa tissues isolated from sheep ovarian follicles of different sizes were incubated in the presence of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG; 5 IU/ml) or follicle stimulating hormone (FSH; 5 μg NIH-FSH-S11/ml) for 40 min. Changes in the total amounts of cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were used as an index of the responsiveness of these preparations to the hormones. Thecal tissue of both large (4–6 mm in diameter) and small (1–3 mm) follicles responded similarly to gonadotrophins. Granulosa cells from small follicles failed to respond to stimulation by HCG. FSH, however, consistently increased cAMP production in comparison with controls or cells treated with HCG. Granulosa cells of large follicles responded to both HCG and FSH.

ANTIGONADOTROPHIC PROFILE OF ANTISERA AGAINST HUMAN GONADOTROPHIN PREPARATIONS

1971 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Petrusz ◽  
C. Robyn ◽  
E. Diczfalusy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Total Dose ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Immunological Activity ◽  
Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT Forty-two antisera were prepared in rabbits against human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), human hypophysial gonadotrophin (HHG), human urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) and human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) preparations. The gonadotrophic profiles of the antigens were previously characterized by bioassay, immunoassay and bioimmunoassay methods. The 25 most potent antisera were tested in statistically valid bioassays for their HCG and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) neutralizing activities as well as for their neutralizing potencies against the FSH-like activity present in HCG preparations. The anti-HCG/anti-FSH ratios of the anti-HCG sera tested varied between 6.2 and > 254, while those of the anti-HHG, anti-LH and anti-HMG sera were close to 2. It was found that the total dose of immunological activity (anti-HCG neutralizing and anti-FSH neutralizing potency) rather than that of the biological activity administered to the rabbits was decisive for obtaining antisera with high anti-HCG and anti-FSH titers. Immunization with a highly purified HCG preparation (> 17 000 IU/mg) resulted in antisera exhibiting lower anti-HCG/anti-FSH ratios than did immunization with partially purified preparations. A highly purified urinary LH preparation which did not contain any detectable FSH activity gave rise to antisera exhibiting anti-HCG/anti-FSH ratios of approximately 2.0. These highly purified HCG and LH preparations were shown previously to possess high anti-FSH neutralizing potencies (Petrusz et al. 1971b). Booster injections did not change significantly the quality or the titer of the antigonadotrophic sera studied. The HCG neutralizing potency of anti-HCG sera was approximately 3 times higher when assayed against a highly purified HCG preparation (> 17 000 IU/mg) as compared to potency estimates obtained against the laboratory standard of HCG (about 2000 IU/mg). It is suggested that consideration should be given to the establishment of standard preparations of antigonadotrophic sera. It is concluded that bioimmunoassays are more suitably than conventional bioassay methods for the assessment of the antigenic purity of human gonadotrophin preparations.

scholarly journals Multiple Resistance to Glyphosate and 2,4-D in Carduus acanthoides L. from Argentina and Alternative Control Solutions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1735
Author(s):  
Candelario Palma-Bautista ◽  
Pablo Belluccini ◽  
Valentin Gentiletti ◽  
José G. Vázquez-García ◽  
Hugo E. Cruz-Hipolito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Shikimic Acid ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Carduus Acanthoides ◽  
Action Mechanisms ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Different Doses

Carduus acanthoides L. is an invasive species native to Europe and distributed in other parts of the world, including North and South America. In Cordoba, Argentina, control failures of this species have been reported in Roundup Ready (RR) soybean crops where glyphosate and 2,4-D have frequently been applied, although there are no confirmed reports worldwide of resistance to glyphosate and 2,4-D in this species. Dose–response tests showed multiple-resistance to both active principles. The resistant population (R) had LD50 values of 1854.27 and 1577.18 g ae ha−1 (grams of acid equivalent per hectare), while the susceptible (S) population had LD50 values of 195.56 and 111.78 g ae ha−1 for glyphosate and 2,4-D, respectively. Low accumulations of shikimic acid (glyphosate) and ethylene (2,4-D) at different doses in the R population compared to the S population support the results observed in the dose–response curves. No significant differences in leaf retention were observed for glyphosate and 2,4-D in the R and S populations. However, the use of adjuvants increased the retention capacity of herbicides in both populations. Ten alternative herbicides with seven different action mechanisms (MOAs) were evaluated and the most effective active principles were dicamba, bromoxynil, atrazine, tembotrione, flazasulfuron, glufosinate, and paraquat. These findings are the first evidence of glyphosate and 2,4 D resistance in C. acanthoides.

345 EFFECT OF FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE AND HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN ON THE IN VITRO MATURATION OF CANINE OOCYTES

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
M.-K. Kim ◽  
H.-J. Oh ◽  
Y. H. Fibrianto ◽  
G. Jang ◽  
H.-J. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
Maturation Rate ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Growth, maturation, and ovulation of the Graafian follicle depend on appropriate patterns of secretion, sufficient concentrations, and adequate ratios of various reproductive hormones, especially follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) (Van Tol et al. 1996 Mol. Reprod. Dev. 45, 218–224). The present study investigated the effects of FSH and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on the nuclear maturation of canine oocytes. In addition, in order to investigate the effect of stage of the estrous cycle on the meiotic competence of canine oocytes matured in vitro, oocytes were collected from various reproductive states and matured in vitro in the presence of the gonadotrophins. Estrous cycle stage was evaluated for each bitch by ovarian morphology, and bitches were categorized according to the stage of the estrous cycle (anestrus, follicular, or diestrus) prior to oocyte collection. Recovered oocytes were cultured in serum-free tissue culture medium (TCM)-199 supplemented with various concentrations of FSH (Exp. 1: 0, 0.1, 1.0, or 10 IU) or hCG (Exp. 2: 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 10 IU) or both (Exp. 3: 1 IU FSH + 1 IU hCG) for 72 h to determine the effective concentration of these hormones, and to examine their combined effect. After maturation culture, oocytes were denuded in PBS containing 0.1% (w/v) hyaluronidase by gentle pipetting. The denuded oocytes were stained with Hoechst 33342 in glycerol and the nuclear state of oocytes was evaluated under UV light. The rates of maturation to the MII stage were significantly higher (P < 0.05) when follicular-stage oocytes were supplemented with 1 IU FSH (6.2%) compared with the other FSH-supplemented groups (0.0 to 3.3%) or to the control (1.8%), or 0.1 or 10.0 IU FSH (0 to 1.2%). Significantly higher (P < 0.05) maturation rate to MII stage was observed in follicular-stage oocytes supplemented with 1.0 IU hCG (7.2%) compared with the control or other hCG-supplemented groups (0 to 1.5%). However, FSH and hCG together did not improve the nuclear maturation rate of canine oocytes (2.4%) compared with FSH (6.2%) and hCG alone (7.2%). In conclusion, FSH or hCG alone significantly increased the maturation of canine oocytes to the MII stage. This work was supported by grant No. M1062503005-06N250300510 from KOSEF, Republic of Korea.

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