Acute and long-term effects of once-daily oral bromocriptine and a new long-acting non-ergot dopamine agonist, quinagolide, in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia: A double-blind study

1991 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Verhelst ◽  
A. L. Froud ◽  
R. Touzel ◽  
J. A. H. Wass ◽  
G. M. Besser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Agonist ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Blind Manner

Abstract. Quinagolide (CV 205-502, Sandoz), an octahydrobenzo (g) quinoline, is a new non-ergot dopamine agonist which has specific D2 receptor activity and a long half-life, making it suitable for once-daily treatment. Recent uncontrolled reports have suggested that quinagolide may be successfully used for the clinical management of hyperprolactinemia with fewer adverse reactions than bromocriptine. This study is the first to compare quinagolide in a double-blind manner with bromocriptine, given only once-daily instead of the usual multidose regimen. In the first phase we compared, in 7 hyperprolactinemic patients, the effects over 24 h of a single oral dose of 0.05 mg quinagolide with 2.5 mg bromocriptine. Compared with placebo, both bromocriptine and quinagolide showed potent PRL-inhibiting and GH-releasing effects, with comparable effects at 24 h; no significant changes were observed in TSH, LH, FSH or cortisol. Twelve hyperprolactinemic patients were then randomized to receive either once-daily bromocriptine or quinagolide in incremental doses for a period of six months. Both drugs were found to be equally effective, and no differences were seen either in adverse reactions or PRL levels during repeated diurnal sampling. We therefore conclude that quinagolide and bromocriptine are therapeutically equivalent in long-term use, and both are equally effective when given once a day. However, some patients intolerant of bromocriptine may respond better to quinagolide, and vice versa.

LONG TERM EFFECTS OF A LONG-ACTING B2-ADRENORECEPTOR AGONIST, SALMETEROL, ON AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSWENESS IN PATIENTS WITH MILD ASTHMA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-263
Author(s):  
Bradley E. Chipps
Keyword(s):  
Response Curve ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Beta Agonist ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Β2 Agonist

Purpose of the Study. To investigate long term effects of long-acting β2 agonist (salmeterol) on bronchodilation and bronchoconstriction caused by methacholine (MCH). Study Population. Twenty-four adult asthmatics (average age 25, range 19-36 yrs) who had not required any regular medication for 6 months. Methods. Parallel double blind study where either salmeterol 50 µg twice daily or placebo was administered during an 8-week trial. A complete dose response curve for MCH was recorded on days 0, 28, 56, and 2 and 4 days after the study ended. The PC20 (concentration required for 20% drop in FEV1) was recorded. Albuterol in an aggregate dose of 400 µg/day was allowed as rescue medication. Findings. Salmeterol caused a significant increase in FEV1 which did not change throughout the study. On the first treatment day salmeterol afforded protection against bronchoconstriction with 10-fold increase in PC20. After 4 and 8 weeks of therapy the change in PC20 returned to baseline after 4 days of washout. Reviewer's Comments. The regular use of long-acting beta agonist leads to tolerance to its protective effect against a bronchoconstrictor stimulus, although bronchodilator properties remain unchanged. Although the mechanism is unknown, this data suggests that long-term monotherapy with beta agonist may not be optimal.

116 A double-blind study of three sodium intakes, and the long- term effects of sodium restriction in essential hypertension

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. S742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmala D. Markandu ◽  
Donald R.J. Singer ◽  
Giuseppe A. Sagnella ◽  
Francesco P. Cappuccio ◽  
A. L. Sugden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Sodium Restriction ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Double Blind

The long-term effects of homeopathic treatment of chronic headaches: one year follow-up and single case time series analysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (02) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Walach ◽  
T Lowes ◽  
D Mussbach ◽  
U Schamell ◽  
W Springer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Homeopathic Treatment ◽  
Chronic Headaches ◽  
One Year

AbstractLittle is known about long-term effects of homeopathic treatment. Following a double-blind, placebo controlled trial of classical homeopathy in chronic headaches, we conducted a 1-year observational study of 18 patients following the double-blind phase, and a complete follow-up study of all trial participants. Eighteen patients received free treatment for daily diary data (frequency, intensity, duration of headaches) over the course of 1 y. All patients enrolled in the double-blind study were sent a 6-week headache diary, a follow-up questionnaire, a personality inventory and a complaint list. Eighty-seven, of the original 98 patients enrolled returned questionnaires, 81 returned diaries. There was no additional change from the end of the trial to the one-year follow-up. The improvement seen at the end of the 12-week trial was stable after 1 y. No differential effects according to treatment after the trial could be seen. Patients with no treatment following the trial had the most improvement after 1 y. Five of 18 patients can be counted responders according to ARIMA analysis of single-case time-series. Patients with double diagnoses and longer treatment duration tended to have clearer improvements than the rest of the patients. Approximately 30% of patients in homeopathic treatment will benefit after 1 y of treatment. There is no indication of a specific, or of a delayed effect of homeopathy.

DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY OF THREE SODIUM INTAKES AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF SODIUM RESTRICTION IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION

The Lancet ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 334 (8674) ◽  
pp. 1244-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Macgregor ◽  
G.A. Sagnella ◽  
N.D. Markandu ◽  
D.R.J. Singer ◽  
F.P. Cappuccio
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Sodium Restriction ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Double Blind

A Parallel-Group Comparison of Astemizole and Loratadine for the Treatment of Perennial Allergic Rhinitis

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Al-Muhaimeed
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Perennial Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
To Receive

The efficacy and safety of the two antihistamines, astemizole and loratadine, were compared in a double-blind study of 84 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Patients were randomized to receive orally either astemizole 10 mg once daily ( n = 40) or loratadine 10 mg once daily ( n = 44) for 1 week. No other antirhinitis medication was allowed during the study. By day 7 the mean daily symptom scores, recorded on diary cards, were lower in patients receiving astemizole than in those receiving loratadine for runny nose, itchy nose and sneezing, although not for blocked nose, and treatment differences only reached statistical significance for runny nose. After 7 days, 53.75% of patients on astemizole and 38.6% on loratadine were free of symptoms, and 87% of patients on astemizole described the treatment as good or excellent compared with 62% on loratadine. The present results suggest that astemizole may be more effective than loratadine in controlling symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis.

New treatments for panic

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (S2) ◽  
pp. 75s-81s ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Ballenger
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
To Receive

SummaryPanic disorder is a chronic condition for many patients and can be socially, emotionally and occupationally disabling. Until recently, clomipramine and alprazolam were the only drugs approved for its treatment. While widely used in the US and Europe, both belong to drug classes (tricyclics and benzodiazepines) with well-recognised side effects that can be problematic and thus limit their use. Recently, paroxetine became the first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor to receive approval and licensing for panic disorder.The short- and long-term efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine in panic disorder has been established in clinical trials of almost 1,000 patients meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-IIIR criteria for panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia. In a 12-week double-blind study of 120 panic patients receiving standardised cognitive therapy, paroxetine was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing panic attack frequency. In a 12-week placebo-controlled comparison in 367 panic patients, paroxetine was at least as effective as clomipramine and better tolerated. There was also some evidence that paroxetine had an earlier onset of action than clomipramine.A 9-month extension of the placebo-controlled comparison with clomipramine showed that the efficacy of paroxetine and clomipramine is maintained when treatment is continued into the longer term. In a relapse prevention study, 105 responders to 3 months' treatment with paroxetine or placebo were re-randomised, either to continue existing treatment or to receive placebo for 3 months. Only 5% of patients who continued to take paroxetine experienced a relapse compared with 30% of those who switched to placebo (P = 0.002). Paroxetine was generally well tolerated. In the short-term trials, the frequency of withdrawals due to adverse events (7.3%) was lower than that for placebo (11.4%) or clomipramine (14.9%). In the longer term, the dropout rate due to adverse events increased in the clomipramine group (19.0%) but was unchanged in the paroxetine group (7.4%). Since most patients with panic disorder will require prolonged treatment, the long-term tolerability of paroxetine and its lack of potential for dependence are important advantages that will encourage good compliance with treatment and improve the quality of life of patients.

Long-Term Effects of Haloperidol on Severely Emotionally Disturbed Children

1971 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Wong ◽  
R. J. Cock
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Emotionally Disturbed ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Severely Emotionally Disturbed

A controlled, double-blind study of haloperidol in 30 children suffering from severe emotional disorders was attempted. Toxic and side-effects and reduction of symptoms were observed over a prolonged period of medication. A battery of tests was designed to study any adverse effects on development and learning processes. The conclusions reached indicated that at an overall level and in terms of diagnostic categories, no statistical significance was established when compared with placebo. However, haloperidol is significantly superior to placebo in ameliorating particular symptoms, is a relatively safe drug, and it did not impair intellectual functioning and learning tasks.

β 2-Adrenoceptor polymorphism and bronchoprotective sensitivity with regular short- and long-acting β2-agonist therapy

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. LIPWORTH ◽  
I. P. HALL ◽  
I. AZIZ ◽  
K. S. TAN ◽  
A. WHEATLEY
Keyword(s):  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Geometric Means ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Β2 Agonist

The aim of the present study was to investigate bronchoprotective sensitivity in patients receiving regular treatment with short- and long-acting β2-agonists and to evaluate any possible association with genetic polymorphism. Thirty-eight patients with stable mild to moderate asthma and receiving inhaled corticosteroids were randomized in a parallel group, double-blind, double-dummy fashion to receive 2 weeks of treatment with either formoterol (12μg once daily, 6μg twice daily or 24μg twice daily) or terbutaline (500μg four times daily). Bronchoprotection against methacholine challenge (as a provocative dose to produce a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1.0 ;s: PD20) was measured at baseline (unprotected) after an initial 1 week run-in without β2-agonist, and at 1 ;h after the first and last doses of each treatment. The PD20 values were log-transformed and calculated as change from baseline. Percentage desensitization of log PD20 for first- versus last-dose bronchoprotection was calculated and analysed according to effects of treatment and β2-adrenoceptor polymorphism at codon 16 or 27. The mean degree of desensitization for bronchoprotection was comparable with all four treatments and there were no significant differences in absolute PD20 values after 2 weeks of chronic dosing. The PD20 values were (as μg of methacholine, geometric means±S.E.M.): formoterol, 12μg once daily, 99±42μg; formoterol, 6μg twice daily, 107±44μg; formoterol, 24μg twice daily, 108±45μg; terbutaline, 500μg four times daily, 88±37μg. All patients receiving formoterol, 24μg twice daily, exhibited a loss of protection greater than 30% which was unrelated to polymorphism at codon 16 or 27. For codon 16, the use of lower doses of formoterol (12μg once daily or 6μg twice daily) showed wider variability in the propensity for protection loss in patients who were heterozygous, in contrast to a more uniform protection loss seen with homozygous glycine patients. The amount of protection loss was not significantly related to polymorphism at codon 16 or 27, expressed as values (mean±S.E.M.) for percentage desensitization according to each genotype (pooled treatments): Gly-16, 66±11%; Het-16, 53±8%; Arg-16, 69±18%; Glu-27, 68±12%; Het-27, 58±8%; Gln-27, 52±12%. The results of this preliminary study showed that bronchoprotective desensitization occurred readily in response to short- or long-acting β2-agonist exposure irrespective of β2-adrenoceptor polymorphism at codon 16 or 27. Further studies with larger patient numbers are required to further evaluate the effects of polymorphisms with lower doses of regular formoterol.

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