scholarly journals Relationships among GnRH, substance P, prostaglandins, sex steroids and aromatase activity in the brain of the male lizard Podarcis sicula sicula during reproduction

Reproduction ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gobbetti ◽  
M. Zerani ◽  
M. M. Di Fiore ◽  
V. Botte
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Aromatase Activity ◽  
Podarcis Sicula ◽  
Male Lizard ◽  
The Brain

Sex Differences in Cognition

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-66
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hampson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Spatial Cognition ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Human Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Organizational and activational effects of sex steroids were first discovered in laboratory animals, but these concepts extend to hormonal actions in the human central nervous system. This chapter begins with a brief overview of how sex steroids act in the brain and how the organizational-activational hypothesis originated in the field of endocrinology. It then reviews common methods used to study these effects in humans. Interestingly, certain cognitive functions appear to be subject to modification by sex steroids, and these endocrine influences may help explain the sex differences often seen in these functions. The chapter considers spatial cognition as a representative example because the spatial family of functions has received the most study by researchers interested in the biological roots of sex differences in cognition. The chapter reviews evidence that supports an influence of both androgens and estrogens on spatial functions, and concludes with a glimpse of where the field is headed.

scholarly journals Substance P Signaling Contributes to Granuloma Formation inTaenia crassicepsInfection, a Murine Model of Cysticercosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armandina Garza ◽  
David J. Tweardy ◽  
Joel Weinstock ◽  
Balaji Viswanathan ◽  
Prema Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Granuloma Formation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Granulomatous Reaction ◽  
Pain Transmission ◽  
Neurokinin 1 ◽  
The Brain

Cysticercosis is an infection with larval cysts of the cestodeTaenia solium. Through pathways that are incompletely understood, dying parasites initiate a granulomatous reaction that, in the brain, causes seizures. Substance P (SP), a neuropeptide involved in pain-transmission, contributes to inflammation and previously was detected in granulomas associated with deadT. crassicepscysts. To determine if SP contributes to granuloma formation, we measured granuloma-size and levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 within granulomas inT. crassiceps-infected wild type (WT) mice and mice deficient in SP-precursor (SPP) or the SP-receptor (neurokinin 1, NK1). Granuloma volumes of infected SPP- and NK1-knockout mice were reduced by 31 and 36%, respectively, compared to WT mice (P<.05for both) and produced up to 5-fold less IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 protein. Thus, SP signaling contributes to granuloma development and proinflammatory cytokine production inT. crassicepsinfection and suggests a potential role for this mediator in human cystercercosis.

Effect of substance P on the content of catecholamines and on the enzymes of their synthesis in the brain of chronically alcoholized rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 728-730
Author(s):  
I. P. Anokhina ◽  
A. G. Veretinskaya ◽  
A. A. Rodionov ◽  
N. A. Khristolyubova
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Chronically Alcoholized Rats ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Further Exploring the Brain–Skin Connection: Stress Worsens Dermatitis via Substance P-dependent Neurogenic Inflammation in Mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Pavlovic ◽  
Maria Daniltchenko ◽  
Desmond J. Tobin ◽  
Evelin Hagen ◽  
Stephen P. Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Neurogenic Inflammation ◽  
The Brain

Vascular responses of dura mater

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (1) ◽  
pp. H157-H161 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Faraci ◽  
K. A. Kadel ◽  
D. D. Heistad
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Dura Mater ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Vascular Headache ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

The goal of this study was to examine vascular responses of the dura mater. Microspheres were used to measure blood flow to the dura and brain in anesthetized dogs. Under control conditions, blood flow to the dura was 38 +/- 3 (SE) ml.min-1.100 g-1. Values for blood flow to the dura obtained with simultaneous injection of 15- and 50-microns microspheres were similar, which suggests that shunting of 15-microns spheres was minimal. Left atrial infusion of substance P (100 ng.kg-1.min-1) and serotonin (40 micrograms.kg-1.min-1), two agonists that have been reported to increase vascular permeability in the dura, increased blood flow to the dura two- to threefold. Adenosine (iv) produced vasodilatation in the dura. Adenosine and serotonin did not affect cerebral blood flow, but substance P increased blood flow to the brain by approximately 40%. Seizures, which produce pronounced dilatation of cerebral vessels despite activation of sympathetic nerves, produced vasoconstriction in the dura. Thus 1) the dura is perfused at a relatively high level of blood flow under normal conditions and is very responsive to vasoactive stimuli, and 2) substance P and serotonin, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular headache, produce pronounced vasodilator responses in the dura mater.

Substance P in the brain Cerebrospinal fluid of facial pain patients

Pain ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. S494
Author(s):  
A.J. Bouckoms ◽  
W.H. Sweet ◽  
N. Aronin
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Pain Patients ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Redundancy in the central tachykinin systems safeguards puberty onset and fertility

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia León ◽  
Chrysanthi Fergani ◽  
Rajae Talbi ◽  
Serap Simavli ◽  
Caroline A. Maguire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Neurokinin A ◽  
Neurokinin B ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Gnrh Release ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Puberty Onset

ABSTRACTThe tachykinin neurokinin B (NKB, Tac2) is critical for GnRH release. NKB signaling deficiency leads to infertility in humans. However, some patients reverse this hypogonadism resembling the fertile phenotype of Tac2KO and Tacr3KO (encoding NKB receptor, NK3R) mice despite the absence of NKB signaling. Here, we demonstrate that in the absence of NKB signaling, other tachykinins (substance P and neurokinin A [NKA], encoded by Tac1) may take over to preserve fertility. The complete absence of tachykinins in Tac1/Tac2KO mice leads to delayed puberty onset in both sexes and infertility in 80% of females (but not males), in contrast to the 100% fertile phenotype of Tac1KO and Tac2KO mice separately. Furthermore, we demonstrate that NKA controls puberty onset and LH release through NKB-independent mechanisms in the presence of sex steroids and NKB-dependent mechanisms in their absence. In summary, tachykinins interact in a coordinated manner to ensure reproductive success in female mice.

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