scholarly journals Environmental stress influences mitochondrial metabolism in vascular cells: consequences for angiogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. H111-H116
Author(s):  
T Scott Bowen ◽  
Stuart Egginton

While the important and varied roles that vascular cells play in both health and disease is well recognised, the focus on potential therapeutic targets continually shifts as new players emerge. Here, we outline how mitochondria may be viewed as more than simply energy-generating organelles, but instead as important sentinels of metabolic health and effectors of appropriate responses to physiological challenges.

2018 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie J. Morford ◽  
Sheng Wu ◽  
Franck Mauvais-Jarvis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Cordani ◽  
Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez ◽  
Raffaele Strippoli ◽  
Alexandr V. Bazhin ◽  
Massimo Donadelli

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy are two highly complex and interrelated components of cell physiopathology, but our understanding of their integration and their contribution to cell homeostasis and disease is still limited. Sestrins (SESNs) belong to a family of highly conserved stress-inducible proteins that orchestrate antioxidant and autophagy-regulating functions protecting cells from various noxious stimuli, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and metabolic stress. They are also relevant modulators of metabolism as positive regulators of the key energy sensor AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Since perturbations in these pathways are central to multiple disorders, SESNs might constitute potential novel therapeutic targets of broad interest. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of regulatory and effector networks of SESNs, highlighting their significance as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for different diseases, such as aging-related diseases, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.


Redox Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 246-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riikka Jokinen ◽  
Sini Pirnes-Karhu ◽  
Kirsi H. Pietiläinen ◽  
Eija Pirinen

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (1) ◽  
pp. E1-E6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Bretin ◽  
Andrew T. Gewirtz ◽  
Benoit Chassaing

The concept that the gut microbiota plays a broadly important role in health and disease in general, and metabolic health in particular, is now well established. However, many of the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood while approaches to reliably manipulate the microbiota to promote health have not yet been clearly defined. Nonetheless, progress in these areas is steadily accelerating. Herein, we review select areas of progress that have been made in the last year that should hasten the era in which the microbiota can be therapeutically manipulated to promote metabolic health.


Author(s):  
John Overall ◽  
Mary Ann Lila ◽  
Slavko Komarnytsky

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niv Zmora ◽  
Stavros Bashiardes ◽  
Maayan Levy ◽  
Eran Elinav

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