scholarly journals Efecto de un programa de intervención en atención para pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico moderado

Diversitas ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
María Teresa Cuervo Cuesta ◽  
Adriana Rincón Castillo ◽  
María Cristina Quijano Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Test ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Trail Making

<p style="text-align: justify;">El trauma craneoencefálico [TCE] es la causa más frecuente de daño cerebral, cuyas secuelas a nivel cognitivo conllevan a alteraciones en la atención. El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos de un programa de intervención en la atención en pacientes con TCE Moderado. El programa se aplicó a 3 hombres con escolaridad promedio de 9 años, con una media de 31,6 años de edad y un Glasgow entre 9-12 puntos; sin antecedentes neurológicos o psiquiátricos. Se incluyeron paciente con una media de 100 en la Evaluación Neuropsicológica Breve en Español [Neuropsi]; que tenían fallas en tareas de atención, memoria y funciones motoras. Para la evaluación pre y post de la atención, se aplicó el test de clasificación de tarjetas del Wisconsin [WCST], el Trail Making Test A y B [TMTA-TMTB], Stroop Test [STROOP], y el Test de Cancelación de Letras [Letter CancelationTest]. Fue un estudio cuasi - experimental con un diseño Pre y Post para un sólo grupo; el efecto de la intervención fue evaluado por la diferencia entre las medidas Pre y Post. Se encontraron cambios estadísticamente significativos en el WCST en un paciente. Sin embargo, cualitativamente todos los pacientes mejoraron los tiempos de reacción e implementaron herramientas cognitivas como la planificación, la categorización y la clasificación.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Palabras clave: </strong>atención, programa de intervención, trauma craneoencefálico, rehabilitación cognoscitiva.</p>

scholarly journals Free-Weight Resistance Exercise Is More Effective in Enhancing Inhibitory Control than Machine-Based Training: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Wilke ◽  
Vanessa Stricker ◽  
Susanne Usedly
Keyword(s):  
Digit Span ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Word Condition ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Digit Span Test ◽  
Span Test ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Trail Making

Resistance exercise has been demonstrated to improve brain function. However, the optimal workout characteristics are a matter of debate. This randomized, controlled trial aimed to elucidate differences between free-weight (REfree) and machine-based (REmach) training with regard to their ability to acutely enhance cognitive performance (CP). A total of n = 46 healthy individuals (27 ± 4 years, 26 men) performed a 45-min bout of REfree (military press, barbell squat, bench press) or REmach (shoulder press, leg press, chest press). Pre- and post-intervention, CP was examined using the Stroop test, Trail Making Test and Digit Span test. Mann–Whitney U tests did not reveal between-group differences for performance in the Digit Span test, Trail Making test and the color and word conditions of the Stroop test (p > 0.05). However, REfree was superior to REmach in the Stroop color-word condition (+6.3%, p = 0.02, R = 0.35). Additionally, REfree elicited pre-post changes in all parameters except for the Digit Span test and the word condition of the Stroop test while REmach only improved cognitive performance in part A of the Trail Making test. Using free weights seems to be the more effective RE method to acutely improve cognitive function (i.e., inhibitory control). The mechanisms of this finding merit further investigation.

scholarly journals Análisis bibliométrico de las funciones ejecutivas de adultos mayores en Iberoamérica

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Marco Cossio-Bolaños ◽  
Ruben Vidal-Espinoza ◽  
Luis Felipe Castelli Correia de Campos ◽  
Yasna Acevedo-Cabrera ◽  
Maria Jose Orostica-Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Frontal Assessment Battery ◽  
Assessment Battery ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Trail Making

Objetivos: a) Verificar la cantidad de estudios efectuados en Iberoamérica sobre función ejecutiva (FE) en adultos mayores; b) Identificar los instrumentos utilizados para medir las FE en adultos mayores durante los años 2009-2018. Material y métodos: Se efectuó un estudio bibliométrico sobre las FE en adultos mayores de Iberoamérica. La búsqueda de información se hizo en las base de datos Scopus y Scielo. Se consideraron estudios iberoamericanos publicados en idioma español y portugués, utilizándose  ocho palabras clave y cinco indicadores registrados. Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 12 investigaciones originales en seis países iberoamericanos (España, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, y Perú). La mayor cantidad de investigaciones relacionadas con FE en asultos mayores tuvo lugar en los periodos 2009-2010 y 2013-2014.  En estos estudios, se han utilizado varios instrumentos con el Trail Making Test (TMT) y la Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) como los de uso más frecuente. Conclusiones: Parece existir un interés limitado por investigar las FE en adultos mayores de Iberoamérica. La mayoría de los estudios idntificados en esta indagación utilizaron como tests cognitivos el TMT y la FAB.

Cognitive Function Before and After Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients with Major Depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s241-s242
Author(s):  
A. Tmava ◽  
I. Eicher ◽  
D.E. Seitz ◽  
S. Mörkl ◽  
C. Blesl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
A Prospective Study

BackgroundDespite its high effectiveness, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is not a widely used method to treat depression. One of the reasons for this could be the fear of cognitive side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of ECT on cognitive function.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study with a sample size of 23 patients (10 male), who met the criteria of treatment-resistant depression according to ICD–10 and gave their informed consent for ECT treatment. Before and after ECT, the following investigations have been performed: Beck depression inventory (BDI), Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS), Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Intelligenztest (MWT-B), trail making test (TMT) A and B, stroop-test, mini mental state examination (MMSE) and the German version of the California verbal learning test (MGT).ResultsAfter ECT treatment, we found highly significant changes of depression-scales BDI (P = 0.028) and MADR-Scale (P = 0.001). IQ as measured by the MWT-B (P = 0.851), executive functions as measured by trail making test A (P = 0.568) and B (P = 0.372) and stroop-test, memory functions as measured by the MGT (P = 0.565) (Figure 1) and MMSE (P = 0.678) did not differ significantly after ECT treatment.ConclusionThere were no significant differences in cognitive function before and after ECT treatment. To confirm these findings, it would be necessary to perform larger studies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Age-Related Differences and Reliability on Computerized and Paper-and-Pencil Neurocognitive Assessment Batteries

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johna K. Register-Mihalik ◽  
Daniel L. Kontos ◽  
Kevin M. Guskiewicz ◽  
Jason P. Mihalik ◽  
Robert Conder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Student ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Trail Making

Context: Neurocognitive testing is a recommended component in a concussion assessment. Clinicians should be aware of age and practice effects on these measures to ensure appropriate understanding of results. Objective: To assess age and practice effects on computerized and paper-and-pencil neurocognitive testing batteries in collegiate and high school athletes. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Classroom and laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Participants consisted of 20 collegiate student-athletes (age  =  20.00 ± 0.79 years) and 20 high school student-athletes (age  =  16.00 ± 0.86 years). Main Outcome Measure(s): Hopkins Verbal Learning Test scores, Brief Visual-Spatial Memory Test scores, Trail Making Test B total time, Symbol Digit Modalities Test score, Stroop Test total score, and 5 composite scores from the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) served as outcome measures. Mixed-model analyses of variance were used to examine each measure. Results: Collegiate student-athletes performed better than high school student-athletes on ImPACT processing speed composite score (F1,38  =  5.03, P  =  .031) at all time points. No other age effects were observed. The Trail Making Test B total time (F2,66  =  73.432, P &lt; .001), Stroop Test total score (F2,76  =  96.85, P  =  &lt; .001) and ImPACT processing speed composite score (F2,76  =  5.81, P  =  .005) improved in test sessions 2 and 3 compared with test session 1. Intraclass correlation coefficient calculations demonstrated values ranging from 0.12 to 0.72. Conclusions: An athlete's neurocognitive performance may vary across sessions. It is important for clinicians to know the reliability and precision of these tests in order to properly interpret test scores.

scholarly journals Cognitive decline heralds onset of symptomatic inherited prion disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Mole ◽  
Simon Mead ◽  
Peter Rudge ◽  
Akin Nihat ◽  
Mok Tzehow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prion Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Subjective Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Sectional Analysis

The clinical effectiveness of any disease-modifying treatment for prion disease, as for other neurodegenerative disorders, will depend on early treatment before damage to neural tissue is irrevocable. Thus, there is a need to identify markers which predict disease onset in healthy at-risk individuals. Whilst imaging and neurophysiological biomarkers have shown limited use in this regard, we recently reported progressive neurophysiological changes in healthy people with the inherited prion disease mutation P102L (Rudge et al, Brain 2019). We have also previously demonstrated a signature pattern of fronto-parietal dysfunction in mild prion disease (Caine et al., 2015; 2018). Here we address whether these cognitive features anticipate the onset of symptoms in a unique sample of patients with inherited prion disease. In the cross-sectional analysis, we analysed the performance of patients at three time points in the course of disease onset: prior to symptoms (n = 27), onset of subjective symptoms without positive clinical findings (n = 8) and symptomatic with positive clinical findings (n = 24). In the longitudinal analysis, we analysed data from twenty four patients who were presymptomatic at the time of recruitment and were followed up over a period of up to seventeen years, of whom sixteen remained healthy and eight converted to become symptomatic. In the cross-sectional analysis, the key finding was that, relative to a group of 25 healthy non-gene carrier controls, patients with subjective symptoms but without positive clinical findings were impaired on a smaller but very similar set of tests (Trail Making Test part A, Stroop Test, Performance IQ, gesture repetition, figure recall) to those previously found to be impaired in mild prion disease (Caine et al., 2015; 2018). In the longitudinal analysis, Trail Making Test parts A and B, Stroop test and Performance IQ scores significantly discriminated between patients who remained presymptomatic and those who converted, even before the converters reached criteria for formal diagnosis. Notably, performance on the Stroop test significantly discriminated between presymptomatic patients and converters before the onset of clinical symptoms (AUC = .83 (95% CI, 0.62, 1.00), p =.009). Thus, we report here, for the first time, neuropsychological abnormalities in healthy patients prior to either symptom onset or clinical diagnosis of IPD. This constitutes an important component of an evolving profile of clinical and biomarker abnormalities in this crucial group for preventive medicine.

scholarly journals Funcionamiento Ejecutivo en Adolescentes Embarazadas Del Departamento de Sucre-Colombia: Una Respuesta Desde la Cognición.

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Katy Arroyo-Alvis ◽  
Andrés Ramírez-Giraldo ◽  
Janeth Salazar-López
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Test ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Trail Making

Introducción: El embarazo adolescente cambia el sentido de vida de las chicas y de sus familias, en ocasiones pueden ser producto de toma de decisiones desacertadas al momento de tener relaciones sexuales. Objetivo: Describir el funcionamiento ejecutivo de adolescentes en estado de embarazo del departamento de Sucre. Método: Enfoque cuantitativo, observacional, de un nivel descriptivo y de corte transversal; una muestra de 72 adolescentes, 36 de ellas en embarazo del departamento de Sucre, Colombia. Muestra: método de selección y rechazo, aplicando un análisis de varianza simple, usando el programa R-Studio. Instrumentos: se aplicó un protocolo de pruebas que contiene, Test de asociación controlado de palabras, Test de clasificación de Wisconsin (WCST), Test de Stroop, Test Del Trazo (Trail Making Test, TMT). Resultados: Las adolescentes en embarazo presentaron mayor dificultad para tomar decisiones, fallas en la resolución de problemas, organización y planeación de la información, además pobre auto monitoreo, lento aprendizaje y poca velocidad de procesamiento de la información. Conclusión: La maduración de áreas cerebrales con cambios ocurridos en la adolescencia son concordantes con las dificultades encontradas en este funcionamiento ejecutivo y la aparición de conductas de riesgo dando como resultado posibles embarazos durante la adolescencia.

scholarly journals Performance of an adult Brazilian sample on the Trail Making Test and Stroop Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenia Repiso Campanholo ◽  
Marcos Antunes Romão ◽  
Melissa de Almeida Rodrigues Machado ◽  
Valéria Trunkl Serrao ◽  
Denise Gonçalves Cunha Coutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Matrix Reasoning ◽  
Attentional Tasks

ABSTRACT Objective: The Trail Making Test (TMT) and Stroop Test (ST) are attention tests widely used in clinical practice and research. The aim of this study was to provide normative data for the adult Brazilian population and to study the influence of gender, age and education on the TMT parts A and B, and ST cards A, B and C. Methods: We recruited 1447 healthy subjects aged ≥18 years with an educational level of 0-25 years who were native speakers of Portuguese (Brazilian). The subjects were evaluated by the Matrix Reasoning and Vocabulary subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III, along with the TMTA, TMTB and ST A, B and C. Results: Among the participants, mean intellectual efficiency was 103.20 (SD: 12.0), age 41.0 (SD: 16.4) years and education 11.9 (SD: 5.6) years. There were significant differences between genders on the TMTA (p=0.002), TMTB (p=0.017) and STC (p=0.024). Age showed a positive correlation with all attention tests, whereas education showed a negative correlation. Gender was not found to be significant on the multiple linear regression model, but age and education maintained their interference. Conclusion: Gender did not have the major impact on attentional tasks observed for age and education, both of which should be considered in the stratification of normative samples.

scholarly journals Análisis de las funciones ejecutivas y la proficiencia en niños escolarizados de 6ª a 11ª grado de la ciudad de Bogotá

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Jhasmin Torres Monroy ◽  
Johanna Andrea Folleco Eraso ◽  
Dayana Yulieth Sanchez-Velandia
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Test ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Trail Making

Antecedentes: El aprendizaje de una segunda lengua puede favorecer el desarrollo de componentes de la función ejecutiva tales como: flexibilidad, abstracción y control inhibitorio. Objetivo: Se pretendió establecer la relación entre el nivel de proficiencia en el idioma inglés y el desempeño en pruebas de evaluación de las funciones ejecutivas. Metodología: Se contó con la participación de 113 escolares de la ciudad de Bogotá. Se aplicaron las pruebas neuropsicológicas Trail Making Test, Test de Colores y Palabras Stroop, Test de Clasificación de Tarjetas de Wisconsin Modificado y Test de Fluidez Verbal Fonológica y Semántica. Resultados: Los resultados fueron procesados con el software estadístico JASP 0.9.0.1. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grado de proficiencia en el idioma inglés y el desempeño en las pruebas. Se encontró una diferencia en el desempeño de las pruebas asociada al factor socioeconómico, pero no una diferencia signifiativa debida a la proficencia. Conclusiones: La ausencia de relación significativa entre el desempeño en las pruebas y la proficiencia en el idioma inglés podría ser explicada por las limitaciones propias del estudio como el tamaño de la muestra y la medición de la proficiencia.

Diagnostic Accuracy, Sensitivity, and Specificity of Executive Function Tests in Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury in Ghana

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Adjorlolo
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Word Association Test ◽  
Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Sub Saharan

The sociocultural differences between Western and sub-Saharan African countries make it imperative to standardize neuropsychological tests in the latter. However, Western-normed tests are frequently administered in sub-Saharan Africa because of challenges hampering standardization efforts. Yet a salient topical issue in the cross-cultural neuropsychology literature relates to the utility of Western-normed neuropsychological tests in minority groups, non-Caucasians, and by extension Ghanaians. Consequently, this study investigates the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of executive function (EF) tests (The Stroop Test, Trail Making Test, and Controlled Oral Word Association Test), and a Revised Quick Cognitive Screening Test (RQCST) in a sample of 50 patients diagnosed with moderate traumatic brain injury and 50 healthy controls in Ghana. The EF test scores showed good diagnostic accuracy, with area under the curve (AUC) values of the Trail Making Test scores ranging from .746 to .902. With respect to the Stroop Test scores, the AUC values ranged from .793 to .898, while Controlled Oral Word Association Test had AUC value of .787. The RQCST scores discriminated between the groups, with AUC values ranging from .674 to .912. The AUC values of composite EF score and a neuropsychological score created from EF and RQCST scores were .936 and. 942, respectively. Additionally, the Stroop Test, Trail Making Test, EF composite score, and RQCST scores showed good to excellent sensitivities and specificities. In general, this study has shown that commonly used EF tests in Western countries have diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity when administered in Ghanaian samples. The findings and implications of the study are discussed.

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