Mutations in the Chromosomal Passenger Complex and the Condensin Complex Differentially Affect Synaptonemal Complex Disassembly and Metaphase I Configuration in Drosophila Female Meiosis

We have used polyclonal antibodies against fusion proteins produced from cDNA fragments of a meiotic chromosome core protein, Cor1, and a protein present only in the synapsed portions of the cores, Syn1, to detect the occurrence and the locations of these proteins in rodent meiotic prophase chromosomes. The 234 amino acid Cor1 protein is present in early unpaired cores, in the lateral domains of the synaptonemal complex and in the chromosome cores when they separate at diplotene. A novel observation showed the presence of Cor1 axial to the metaphase I chromosomes and substantial amounts of Cor1 in association with pairs of sister centromeres. The centromere-associated Cor1 protein becomes dissociated from the centromeres at anaphase II and it is not found in mitotic metaphase centromeres. The extended presence of Cor1 suggests that it may have a role in chromosome disjunction by fastening chiasmata at metaphase I and by joining sister kinetochores, which ensures co-segregation at anaphase I. Two-colour immunofluorescence of Cor1 and Syn1 demonstrates that synapsis between homologous cores is initiated at few sites but advances rapidly relative to the establishment of new initiation sites. If the rapid advance of synapsis deters additional initiation sites between pairs of homologues, it may provide a mechanism for positive recombination interference. Immunogold epitope mapping of antibodies to four Syn1 fusion proteins places the amino terminus of Syn1 towards the centre of the synaptonemal complex while the carboxyl terminus extends well into the lateral domain of the synaptonemal complex. The Syn1 fusion proteins have a non-specific DNA binding capacity. Immunogold labelling of Cor1 antigens indicates that the lateral domain of the synaptonemal complex is about twice as wide as the apparent width of lateral elements when stained with electron-dense metal ions. Electron microscopy of shadow-cast surface-spread SCs confirms the greater width of the lateral domain. The implication of these dimensions is that the proteins that comprise the synaptic domain overlap with the protein constituents of the lateral domains of the synaptonemal complex more than was apparent from earlier observations. This arrangement suggests that direct interactions might be expected between some of the synaptonemal complex proteins.

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The Survivin Isoform Survivin-3B is Cytoprotective and can Function as a Chromosomal Passenger Complex Protein

Cell Cycle ◽

10.4161/cc.6.12.4305 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 1501-1508 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Shirley K. Knauer ◽

Carolin Bier ◽

Peter Schlag ◽

Johannes Fritzmann ◽

Wolfgang Dietmaier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chromosomal Passenger Complex ◽

Complex Protein ◽

Chromosomal Passenger

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Aurora B kinase activity–dependent and –independent functions of the chromosomal passenger complex in regulating sister chromatid cohesion

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1074/jbc.ra118.005978 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 294 (6) ◽

pp. 2021-2035 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Qi Yi ◽

Qinfu Chen ◽

Haiyan Yan ◽

Miao Zhang ◽

Cai Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sister Chromatid ◽

Kinase Activity ◽

Sister Chromatid Cohesion ◽

Aurora B ◽

Aurora B Kinase ◽

Chromosomal Passenger Complex ◽

Independent Functions ◽

Chromatid Cohesion ◽

Chromosomal Passenger ◽

Activity Dependent

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Liquid-liquid phase separation of the chromosomal passenger complex drives parallel bundling of midzone microtubules

10.1101/2022.01.07.475460 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Ewa Niedzialkowska ◽

Tan M Truong ◽

Luke A Eldredge ◽

Stefanie Redemann ◽

Denis Chretien ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase Separation ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Chromosome Segregation ◽

Dynamic Structure ◽

Liquid Phase Separation ◽

Chromosomal Passenger Complex ◽

Chromosomal Passenger ◽

Spindle Midzone ◽

Liquid Liquid Phase Separation

The spindle midzone is a dynamic structure that forms during anaphase, mediates chromosome segregation, and provides a signaling platform to position the cleavage furrow. The spindle midzone comprises two antiparallel bundles of microtubules (MTs) but the process of their formation is poorly understood. Here, we show that the Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC) undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to generate parallel MT bundles in vitro when incubated with free tubulin and GTP. MT bundles emerge from CPC droplets with protruding minus-ends that then grow into long, tapered MT structures. During this growth, the CPC in condensates apparently reorganize to coat and bundle the resulting MT structures. CPC mutants attenuated for LLPS or MT binding prevented the generation of parallel MT bundles in vitro and reduced the number of MTs present at spindle midzones in HeLa cells. Our data uncovers a kinase-independent function of the CPC and provides models for how cells generate parallel-bundled MT structures that are important for the assembly of the mitotic spindle.

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Phosphorylation of the synaptonemal complex protein SYP-1 promotes meiotic chromosome segregation

10.1101/211672 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aya Sato-Carlton ◽

Chihiro Nakamura-Tabuchi ◽

Stephane Kazuki Chartrand ◽

Tomoki Uchino ◽

Peter Mark Carlton

Keyword(s):

Synaptonemal Complex ◽

Meiotic Chromosome ◽

C Elegans ◽

Chromosome Domains ◽

Chromatid Cohesion ◽

Complex Protein ◽

Chromosomal Passenger ◽

Synaptonemal Complex Protein ◽

A Site ◽

Meiosis I

AbstractChromosomes that have undergone crossing-over in meiotic prophase must maintain sister chromatid cohesion somewhere along their length between the first and second meiotic divisions. While many eukaryotes use the centromere as a site to maintain cohesion, the holocentric organism C. elegans instead creates two chromosome domains of unequal length termed the short arm and long arm, which become the first and second site of cohesion loss at meiosis I and II. The mechanisms that confer distinct functions to the short and long arm domains remain poorly understood. Here, we show that phosphorylation of the synaptonemal complex protein SYP-1 is required to create these domains. Once crossovers are made, phosphorylated SYP-1 and PLK-2 become cooperatively confined to short arms and guide phosphorylated histone H3 and the chromosomal passenger complex to the site of meiosis I cohesion loss. Our results show that PLK-2 and phosphorylated SYP-1 ensure creation of the short arm subdomain, promoting disjunction of chromosomes in meiosis I.

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Chromosome pairing and potential for intergeneric recombination in some hypotetraploid somatic hybrids of Lycopersicon esculentum (+) Solanum tuberosum

Genome ◽

10.1139/g93-138 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 1032-1041 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

J. H. de Jong ◽

A. M. A. Wolters ◽

J. M. Kok ◽

H. Verhaar ◽

J. van Eden

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Synaptonemal Complex ◽

Chromosome Pairing ◽

Somatic Hybrids ◽

Cytogenetic Study ◽

Unreduced Gametes ◽

Root Tip ◽

Prophase I ◽

Metaphase I

Three somatic hybrids resulting from protoplast fusions of a diploid kanamycin-resistant line of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and a dihaploid hygromycin-resistant transformant of a monohaploid potato (Solanum tuberosum) line were used for a cytogenetic study on chromosome pairing and meiotic recombination. Chromosome counts in root-tip meristem cells revealed two hypotetraploids with chromosome complements of 2n = 46 and one with 2n = 47. Electron microscope analyses of synaptonemal complex spreads of hypotonically burst protoplasts at mid prophase I showed abundant exchanges of pairing partners in multivalents involving as many as eight chromosomes. In the cells at late pachytene recombination nodules were found in multivalents on both sides of pairing partner exchanges, indicating recombination at both homologous and homoeologous sites. Light microscope observations of pollen mother cells at late diakinesis and metaphase I also revealed multivalents, though their occurrence in low frequencies betrays the reduction of multivalent number and complexity. Precocious separation of half bivalents at metaphase I and lagging of univalents at anaphase I were observed frequently. Bridges, which may result from an apparent inversion loop found in the synaptonemal complexes of a mid prophase I nucleus, were also quite common at anaphase I, though the expected accompanying fragments could be detected in only a few cells. Most striking were the high frequencies of first division restitution in preparations at metaphase II/anaphase II, giving rise to unreduced gametes. In spite of the expected high numbers of balanced haploid and diploid gametes, male fertility, as revealed by pollen staining, was found to be negligible.Key words: synaptonemal complex, recombination, chromosome pairing, somatic hybrid, Lycopersicon esculentum (+) Solanum tuberosum.

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The role of survivin and other chromosomal passenger complex proteins in the regulation of adult epidermal stem cell differentiation

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology ◽

10.1016/j.jaad.2009.11.143 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. AB25

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Differentiation ◽

Stem Cell Differentiation ◽

Epidermal Stem Cell ◽

Chromosomal Passenger Complex ◽

Chromosomal Passenger

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The chromosomal passenger complex and centralspindlin independently contribute to contractile ring assembly

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.201008138 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 193 (1) ◽

pp. 155-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Lindsay Lewellyn ◽

Ana Carvalho ◽

Arshad Desai ◽

Amy S. Maddox ◽

Karen Oegema

Keyword(s):

Contractile Ring ◽

Chromosomal Passenger Complex ◽

Ring Assembly ◽

Assembly Pathway ◽

Chromosomal Passenger ◽

Spindle Midzone ◽

Ring Constriction ◽

Simultaneous Inhibition ◽

Control Transformation ◽

Equatorial Band

The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) and centralspindlin are conserved cytokinesis regulators that localize to the spindle midzone, which forms between the separating chromosomes. Previous work placed the CPC and centralspindlin in a linear pathway that governs midzone formation. Using Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, we test whether there is a similar linear relationship between centralspindlin and the CPC in contractile ring constriction during cytokinesis. We show that simultaneous inhibition of the CPC kinase Aurora BAIR-2 and the centralspindlin component MKLP1ZEN-4 causes an additive constriction defect. Consistent with distinct roles for the proteins, inhibition of filamentous septin guanosine triphosphatases alleviates constriction defects in Aurora BAIR-2–inhibited embryos, whereas inhibition of Rac does so in MKLP1ZEN-4-inhibited embryos. Centralspindlin and the CPC are not required to enrich ring proteins at the cell equator but instead regulate formation of a compact mature ring. Therefore, in contrast to the linear midzone assembly pathway, centralspindlin and the CPC make independent contributions to control transformation of the sheet-like equatorial band into a ribbon-like contractile ring at the furrow tip.

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Kinesins relocalize the chromosomal passenger complex to the midzone for spindle disassembly

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.201708114 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 217 (5) ◽

pp. 1687-1700 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Itziar Ibarlucea-Benitez ◽

Luke S. Ferro ◽

David G. Drubin ◽

Georjana Barnes

Keyword(s):

Single Molecule ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Chromosomal Passenger Complex ◽

Late Anaphase ◽

Chromosomal Passenger ◽

Spindle Disassembly ◽

Spindle Midzone ◽

Chromosome Separation

Mitotic spindle disassembly after chromosome separation is as important as spindle assembly, yet the molecular mechanisms for spindle disassembly are unclear. In this study, we investigated how the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), which contains the Aurora B kinase Ipl1, swiftly concentrates at the spindle midzone in late anaphase, and we researched the role of this dramatic relocalization during spindle disassembly. We showed that the kinesins Kip1 and Kip3 are essential for CPC relocalization. In cells lacking Kip1 and Kip3, spindle disassembly is severely delayed until after contraction of the cytokinetic ring. Purified Kip1 and Kip3 interact directly with the CPC and recruit it to microtubules in vitro, and single-molecule experiments showed that the CPC diffuses dynamically on microtubules but that diffusion stops when the CPC encounters a Kip1 molecule. We propose that Kip1 and Kip3 trap the CPC at the spindle midzone in late anaphase to ensure timely spindle disassembly.

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