scholarly journals The Relation Between Prices of Factors and Goods in General Equilibrium

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
Taradas Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Tapan Biswas
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Cost Functions ◽  
Diagonal Condition

In an n x n economy, the relation between commodity prices and factor prices has been presented in terms of finite variations. Using a generalization of the dominant diagonal condition on the Jacobian of the set of unit cost functions, this paper shows that a rise in the price of any commodity will bring about an increase in the earnings of the corresponding factor, making no other factor better off than that factor while the earnings of at least one other factor will not increase. Strengthening the requirement further shows that the earnings of at least one factor will decline.

Cost Functions and Determinants of Unit Cost Effects in Horizontal Airline M&As

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sveinn Vidar Gudmundsson ◽  
Rico Merkert ◽  
Renato Redondi
Keyword(s):  
Unit Cost ◽  
Cost Functions

EXACT AND SUPERLATIVE PRICE AND QUANTITY INDICATORS

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (S2) ◽  
pp. 335-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Erwin Diewert ◽  
Hideyuki Mizobuchi
Keyword(s):  
Number Theory ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Utility Functions ◽  
Cost Functions ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Index Number Theory ◽  
Nonhomothetic Preferences ◽  
The Difference

The traditional economic approach to index number theory is based on a ratio of cost functions. Diewert defined superlative price and quantity indices as observable indices that were exact for a ratio of unit cost functions or for a ratio of linearly homogeneous utility functions. The present paper looks for counterparts to his results in the difference context, for both flexible homothetic and flexible nonhomothetic preferences. The Bennet indicators of price and quantity change turn out to be superlative for the nonhomothetic case. The underlying preferences are of the translation-homothetic form discussed by Balk, Chambers, Dickenson, Färe, and Grosskopf.

scholarly journals Education and Poverty in Morocco: A Computable General Equilibrium Micro-simulation Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. p116
Author(s):  
Mohamed KARIM ◽  
Mohamed EL MOUSSAOUI
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Micro Simulation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The paper uses a micro-simulation computable general equilibrium model (CGE) to analyze the impact on poverty of public spending in higher education in Morocco. The model incorporates 7062 households derived from the 2007 National Survey on Household Living Standards (ENNVM). Two scenarios are simulated: a 100% reduction in the unit cost of higher education supported by households and a 50% reduction in public spending on higher education. In this study, it is assumed that the investment behavior of households is linked to the share of the unit cost financed by the government in higher education. The results show that the policy of exempting households from bearing any unit cost of higher education encourages them to invest massively in education, which leads to increasing their income and consequently improving welfare and reducing poverty and inequalities. On the other hand, the reduction in public investment in higher education affects negatively the behavior of households to invest in education which leads to a decrease in welfare, an increase in poverty and a rise of inequalities.

Operational and Environmental Comparison of Two Felling and Piling Alternatives for Whole Tree Thinnings in Quercus Coppices for Bioenergy Use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Tolosana ◽  
Rubén Laina ◽  
Raffaele Spinelli ◽  
Giovanni Aminti ◽  
Ignacio López-Vicens
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Cost Functions ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Stand Damage ◽  
Residual Stand Damage ◽  
Whole Tree

Abstract A comparative study of motor-manual and mechanized felling and bunching was conducted when thinning dense coppice stands of the two most important oak species in Spain to obtain biomass for bioenergy use. In particular, the study matched chainsaw felling and manual piling against the work of a drive-to-tree feller-buncher in the very same sites. Productivity functions for felling and piling are fitted for each species. The derived unit cost functions show that the felling-bunching costs are lower for the motor-manual option in both species stands, particularly for the smaller tree sizes. Nevertheless, when the strongly reduced loading times in forwarding associated to the mechanization are taken into account, the total harvesting cost is often lower for the mechanized option. That is true for all tree sizes Q. ilex, and for trees larger than 13 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) for Q. pyrenaica. Residual stand damage was low to moderate, but always significantly greater for the mechanized option compared with the motormanual one. Soil damage was very low for both alternatives. The stumps experimented significantly greater damages in the mechanized felling and bunching, but further research is needed to determine if those damages have any impact on stump mortality, sprouting capability and future plants vigor. The greater productivity and level of tree damages found in Q.ilex when compared to Q. pyrenaica are likely due to the narrower and lighter crown of the latter.

Cost functions and determinants of unit cost effects in horizontal airline M&As

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 444-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sveinn Vidar Gudmundsson ◽  
Rico Merkert ◽  
Renato Redondi
Keyword(s):  
Unit Cost ◽  
Cost Functions

scholarly journals The general equilibrium effects of a productivity increase on the economy and gender in South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-326
Author(s):  
Margaret Chitiga-Mabugu ◽  
Godbertha Kinyondo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Employment Impact ◽  
Productivity Increase ◽  
And Gender

This study utilises a computable general equilibrium model to examine the effects of economy-wide (SIM 1) and partial (SIM 2) productivity increases on the economy, gender employment, wages, income and welfare in South Africa. SIM 1 results in ‘output’ led employment demand and increased earnings for all skill types of men and women. Skilled men benefit more than others in most sectors. Under SIM 2, productivity has a negative employment impact in the selected sectors, on all skills mostly in labour-intensive sectors. In general, productivity improves households’ welfare due to reduced commodity prices and improved earnings. If productivity rises only in men-intensive sectors, men’s wages rise while raising productivity in only women-intensive sectors affect women negatively. 

Russian Banking System under Conditions of Global Crisis

2009 ◽  
pp. 4-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gref ◽  
K. Yudaeva
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Banking Crises ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Current Economic Crisis ◽  
Risk Appetite ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Face

Problems in the financial sector were at the core of the current economic crisis. Therefore, economic recovery will only become sustainable after taking care of the major weaknesses in the financial sector. This conclusion is relevant both for the US and UK - the two countries where crisis has started, and for other economies which financial institutions turned out to be fragile in the face of the swings in the risk appetite. Russia is one of the countries where the crisis has revealed serious deficiency in the financial sector. Our study of 11 banking crises during the last 25-30 years shows that sustainable economic recovery and decrease in the dependence on commodity prices will be virtually impossible without cleaning of balance sheets and capitalization of the financial sector.

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