scholarly journals Rare Simultaneous Left and Right-Sided Native Valve Infective Endocarditis Caused by Rare Bacterium

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 474-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Hong Pan
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Native Valve ◽  
Left And Right

The Role of the Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) in Infective Endocarditis; A Narrative Review from 2000 to 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1140-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Noshak ◽  
Mohammad A. Rezaee ◽  
Alka Hasani ◽  
Mehdi Mirzaii
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Native Valve ◽  
Native Valve Endocarditis

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are part of the microbiota of human skin and rarely linked with soft tissue infections. In recent years, CoNS species considered as one of the major nosocomial pathogens and can cause several infections such as catheter-acquired sepsis, skin infection, urinary tract infection, endophthalmitis, central nervous system shunt infection, surgical site infections, and foreign body infection. These microorganisms have a significant impact on human life and health and, as typical opportunists, cause peritonitis in individuals undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Moreover, it is revealed that these potential pathogens are mainly related to the use of indwelling or implanted in a foreign body and cause infective endocarditis (both native valve endocarditis and prosthetic valve endocarditis) in patients. In general, approximately eight percent of all cases of native valve endocarditis is associated with CoNS species, and these organisms cause death in 25% of all native valve endocarditis cases. Moreover, it is revealed that methicillin-resistant CoNS species cause 60 % of all prosthetic valve endocarditis cases. In this review, we describe the role of the CoNS species in infective endocarditis, and we explicated the reported cases of CoNS infective endocarditis in the literature from 2000 to 2020 to determine the role of CoNS in the process of infective endocarditis.

Native valve Staphylococcus capitis infective endocarditis: a mini review

Infection ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussam Eddin Talhat Al Hennawi ◽  
Elham Mohammed Mahdi ◽  
Ziad A. Memish
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Native Valve ◽  
Staphylococcus Capitis

scholarly journals Corynebacterium jeikeium native valve infective endocarditis case report: a confirmed microbiological and pathological diagnosis from heart valvular tissue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wentzel Bruce Dowling ◽  
Johan Koen
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Native Valve ◽  
Valve Tissue ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Duke Criteria ◽  
G Prior ◽  
Initial Blood

Abstract Background The Modified Duke criteria is an important structured schematic for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE). Corynebacterium jeikeium is a rare cause of IE that is often resistant to standard IE anti-microbials. We present a case of C. jeikeium IE, fulfilling the Modified Duke pathological criteria. Case summary A 50-year-old male presented with left leg peripheral vascular disease with septic changes requiring amputation. Routine echocardiography post-amputation demonstrated severe aortic valve regurgitation with vegetations that required valve replacement. Two initial blood cultures from a single venepuncture showed Streptococcus mitis which was treated with penicillin G prior to surgery. Subsequent aortic valve tissue cultured C. jeikeium with suggestive IE histological valvular changes and was successfully treated on a prolonged course of vancomycin. Discussion This is the first C. jeikeium IE case diagnosed on heart valvular tissue culture and highlights the importance for the fulfilment of the Modified Duke criteria in diagnosing left-sided IE. Mixed infection IE is rare, and this case possibly represents an unmasking of resistant C. jeikeium IE following initial treatment of penicillin G.

Abstract WP335: Intracranial Mycotic Aneurysms in Infective Endocarditis: Incidence, Predictors and Outcome

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet A Topcuoglu ◽  
Oguzhan Kursun ◽  
Ferdinando S Buonanno ◽  
Aneesh B Singhal
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Native Valve ◽  
Duke Criteria ◽  
Mycotic Aneurysms ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Cardiac Valve Disease

Introduction: Intracranial mycotic aneurysms (IMA) are rare but serious complications of infective endocarditis (IE). Methods and Results: In this retrospective study (1980-2011) we used original Duke criteria to diagnose IE in 1149 episodes (1081 patients; 81% definite, 80% native valve). Neuro complications occurred in 28%, stroke in 22% (202 infarcts, 53 hemorrhages) and 1% had TIA/TMB. N=33 IMA were detected in 23 (2%) patients. IMA were detected in 8% with focal neuro deficits, 13% with seizures, and 3% with encephalopathy. IMA-related symptoms were present in 22 of 23 cases: headache 48%, seizure 13%, altered sensorium 35% and focal deficits 61%. IMA were detected in 0/885 without stroke, 5.4% with infarcts and 22.6% with hemorrhages (p<0.001); the latter included 9/36 (25%) with ICH, 3/13 (23%) with SAH, and 0/4 with SDH. Of the 23 IMA patients 61% had hemorrhage, 30% had SAH and 57% had infarcts. IMAs were detected by DSA in 21/166 (12.7%). The mean size was 3.6±2.4 mm; 30% multiple; 61% located in distal segments; and 67% in MCA branches. On MRI, 31 had any SAH and 45 had any ICH; IMA detected in 6/9 with diffuse SAH, 2/22 with convexal SAH, 11/45 with ICH, and 11/202 with infarcts. Patients with IMA had higher rates of women, hypertension, known cardiac valve disease, mitral regurgitation, mitral vegetation and S.viridians infection (all p<0.05). On multivariable analysis, mitral regurgitation with vegetation (OR 5.9, 95% CI 2.5-14.0, p<0.001) was the only independent predictor of IMA. Clipping was performed in 8 (all pre-2000); endovascular treatment in 7 (all post-1997); 2 died pre- treatment; 1 detected on autopsy; 1 no follow-up available, and 4 regressed/disappeared with antibiotics. Patients with and without IMA showed no difference in rates of in-hospital mortality (22% v. 19%, p=0.93), and length of stay (32d v. 24d, p=0.28). IMA rates did not decrease during the study period (2.2% in 784 episodes 1980-2000 vs. 1.6% of 365 episodes 2001-2011, p=0.653). Conclusion: IMA are invariably heralded by neurological symptoms and stroke (especially hemorrhages) on brain imaging. Mitral IE has the highest risk for IMA. IMAs can resolve with antibiotics however studies are needed to determine the efficacy of different treatment approaches.

scholarly journals An appraisal of clinical practice guidelines for the appropriate use of echocardiography for adult infective endocarditis—the timing and mode of assessment (TTE or TEE)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peihan Xie ◽  
Xiaodong Zhuang ◽  
Menghui Liu ◽  
Shaozhao Zhang ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Mode Selection ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Agree Ii ◽  
Native Valve ◽  
Evidence Level

Abstract BackgroundEchocardiography (echo) is the primary imaging modality for infective endocarditis (IE). However, the recommendations on timing and mode selection for transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) vary across guidelines, which can be confusing for clinical decision makers. In this case, we aim to appraise the quality of recommendations by appraising the quality of various guidelines.MethodsA search of guidelines containing recommendations for the appropriate use of echo in adult IE patients published in English between 2007 and 2019 was conducted. The APPRAISAL OF GUIDELINES FOR RESEARCH & EVALUATION II (AGREE II) instrument was applied independently by two reviewers to assess the integrated quality of the identified guidelines. The recommendations of concern are extracted from related chapters.ResultsA total of 9 guidelines met the criteria, with AGREE II scores ranging from 36% to 79%, and the domain of “stakeholder involvement” received the lowest score. The most contentious issue is whether a follow-up TEE is mandatory in uncomplicated native valve IE with an initial positive TTE. Conflicting recommendations are presented with a low evidence level based on little evidence.ConclusionsIn general, the recommendations proposed in the 9 identified guidelines on the appropriate use of echo are satisfying. The guideline quality score can be taken into account by the clinicians when evaluating the recommendations for clinical decisions. Additional studies with high evidence level should be conducted on the most controversial issues of whether a subsequent TEE is mandatory in uncomplicated native valve IE with an initial positive TTE.

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