First reports of Myotis riparius (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in the high-Andes southern Ecuador

The Vespertilionidae family is widely distributed in South America. In Ecuador, there are 20 species including Myotis riparius. The species has been recorded between 10 to 1240 m a.s.l. on the both eastern and western sides of the Andes cordillera. In this work we reported two new localities for southern Ecuador which include the highest records for the species and increasing in 1077 m the limit elevation previously known in Ecuador.

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Description and phylogenetic relationships of a new trans-Andean species of Elachistocleis Parker 1927 (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4779.3.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4779 (3) ◽

pp. 323-340

Author(s):

JUAN C. SÁNCHEZ-NIVICELA ◽

PEDRO L. V. PELOSO ◽

VERÓNICA L. URGILES ◽

MARIO H. YÁNEZ-MUÑOZ ◽

YERKA SAGREDO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

16S Rrna ◽

South America ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Mitochondrial Genes ◽

12S Rrna ◽

The Andes ◽

Southern Ecuador ◽

A New Species

Elachistocleis is a Neotropical genus of microhylid frogs with 18 species, most of which occur east of the Andes in South America. Here, we present a new phylogeny of Gastrophryninae and describe and name a new species of Elachistocleis from southern Ecuador—the first to be found west of the Andes and also the first from Ecuador. Our phylogeny is based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial genes 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, COI, and the nuclear genes BDNF, cmyc2, H3A, 28S, SIA1, and Tyr. Elachistocleis araios sp. n., is the sister species of all other Elachistocleis. The finding of this taxon highlights the probability of the existence of more Elachistocleis species west of the Andes.

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Two new species of Juncus (Juncaceae) from South America

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.376.2.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 376 (2) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

HENRIK BALSLEV

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

South America ◽

South American ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

South American Species ◽

Santa Catarina ◽

Southern Peru ◽

The Andes ◽

Southern Ecuador ◽

Two New Species

Two new species of Juncus from South America are described, illustrated, and a key is provided to separate the two species from related South American species in Juncus sect. Ozophyllum. Juncus andinus is similar to J. ecuadoriensis from Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador, but is different in having smaller seeds and conspicuous cataphylls; it is distributed in the Andes from southern Ecuador to southern Peru. Juncus austrobrasiliensis, from Brazil, resembles J. micranthus but differs in having smaller, castaneous flower-heads and capsules with beaks that clearly protrude from the flower; it is distributed in southern Brazil from São Paulo to Santa Catarina.

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Deep Convection East of the Andes Cordillera: A Test Case Analysis of Airmass Origin

Monthly Weather Review ◽

10.1175/2007mwr2088.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 136 (6) ◽

pp. 2201-2209 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hector Teitelbaum ◽

Hervé Le Treut ◽

Mohamed Moustaoui ◽

Gustavo C. Cabrera ◽

Guillermo Ibañez

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Atlantic Ocean ◽

Deep Convection ◽

South Pacific ◽

Test Case ◽

Moist Air ◽

The Andes ◽

Key Factor ◽

Western Side ◽

Andes Cordillera

Abstract Warm and moist air masses, required to generate deep convection east of the Andes Cordillera, are generally the result of humidity transport by the so-called low-level jet (LLJ). In this paper, it is shown from detailed test cases that the eastern part of the continent and the adjacent Atlantic Ocean may constitute another source of moist, warm air, which could be of potential importance even in the presence of a southerly LLJ. The position of the anticyclones crossing South America from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean appears to be a key factor affecting the origin of moisture over the continent. In particular, the LLJ may weaken and even change its direction when the eastern side of the South Pacific anticyclone crosses the mountains; this wind reversal is generally associated with deep convection suppression. Thus, as a South Pacific anticyclone crosses the continent more to the east and its western side reaches the east coast of South America, deep convection can reappear east of the Andes, over the Mendoza region, although the LLJ is frequently suppressed. This is associated with a transport of warm and moist air from Uruguay, southeast Brazil, or even directly from the Atlantic Ocean.

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Rubiaceae Americanarum Magna Hama Pars XLVII. New Species and a New Combination for Rudgea in Panama and Western South America (Palicoureeae)

Novon A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature ◽

10.3417/2021654 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 132-151

Author(s):

Charlotte M. Taylor ◽

Carla Poleselli Bruniera

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

South America ◽

Amazon Basin ◽

Cloud Forest ◽

New Combination ◽

The Andes ◽

The Pacific ◽

Southern Ecuador ◽

Caribbean Area ◽

Central Panama

Review of specimens of Rudgea Salisb. (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae) has discovered some species new to science and clarified the identity of one previously described taxon. Here we raise R. viburnoides (Cham.) Benth. subsp. megalocarpa Zappi of the western Amazon basin to species status, as R. megalocarpa (Zappi) Bruniera & C. M. Taylor. We also describe 11 new species found variously from lowland to montane elevations in Panama and western South America: R. barbosae C. M. Taylor from scattered locations on sandstone in Colombia; R. campanana C. M. Taylor from central Panama; R. cardenasii C. M. Taylor from the Caribbean area of northwestern Colombia; R. chocoana C. M. Taylor from the Pacific drainage of western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador; R. elegans C. M. Taylor from sandstone formations in the Andes of central Peru; R. homeieri C. M. Taylor from the Andean slopes of central Ecuador; R. inflata C. M. Taylor from the northwestern Amazon basin in Colombia and Brazil; R. retiniphylloides C. M. Taylor from northern to north-central Colombia; R. sanluisensis C. M. Taylor & Cogollo from the lower Río Magdalena valley of northern Colombia; R. suberosa C. M. Taylor & Bruniera from cloud forest and pajonal in the Andes from southern Ecuador through southern Peru; and R. zappiae C. M. Taylor & Bruniera from central western Ecuador.

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Rubiacearum Americanarum Magna Hama Pars XLVIII: A New View of Palicourea sect. Axillares and Description of Some New Species (Palicoureeae)

Novon A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature ◽

10.3417/2021671 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 85-111

Author(s):

Charlotte M. Taylor

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

South America ◽

Central America ◽

Species Status ◽

The Andes ◽

Southern Ecuador ◽

Center Of Diversity ◽

Infraspecific Taxa ◽

Southern Central ◽

Molecular Characters

Many of the species classified in Psychotria L. subg. Heteropsychotria Steyerm. (Rubiaceae), including the species of Psychotria ser. Axillares (Hook. f.) Steyerm., have been shown to belong to Palicourea Aubl. based on morphological and molecular characters. This section is now treated as Palicourea sect. Axillares (Hook. f.) Borhidi, and includes 14 species found from southern Central America through the Andes of northwestern and western South America with a center of diversity in eastern Colombia and western Venezuela. This section is characterized by the combination of laminar, well-developed, bilobed stipules and mostly capitate, pseudoaxillary or sometimes terminal, mostly sessile inflorescences with numerous well-developed bracts that enclose the flowers but without enlarged involucral bracts. It is circumscribed differently here than it is by Borhidi. The nomenclatural summary, key, and diagnostic discussions that separate the species included here are based on several new taxonomic circumscriptions. No infraspecific taxa are recognized in Pal. axillaris (Sw.) Borhidi, but one of its varieties from Venezuela is raised to species status as Pal. villipila (Steyerm.) C. M. Taylor. The circumscription of Pal. rosacea (Steyerm.) Borhidi is expanded, and four species are newly described here: Pal. aristata C. M. Taylor from the Andes of southern Ecuador, Pal. quibdoana C. M. Taylor from northwestern Colombia, Pal. santanderiana C. M. Taylor from the Andes of eastern Colombia, and Pal. winfriedii C. M. Taylor from northern Venezuela.

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Future climate change will impact the size and location of breeding and wintering areas of migratory thrushes in South America

The Condor ◽

10.1093/ornithapp/duab006 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Natália Stefanini Da Silveira ◽

Maurício Humberto Vancine ◽

Alex E Jahn ◽

Marco Aurélio Pizo ◽

Thadeu Sobral-Souza

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

South America ◽

Migratory Birds ◽

Global Climate ◽

Future Climate ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Ecological Niche Models ◽

Global Climate Changes ◽

The Andes ◽

Wintering Areas

Abstract Bird migration patterns are changing worldwide due to current global climate changes. Addressing the effects of such changes on the migration of birds in South America is particularly challenging because the details about how birds migrate within the Neotropics are generally not well understood. Here, we aim to infer the potential effects of future climate change on breeding and wintering areas of birds that migrate within South America by estimating the size and elevations of their future breeding and wintering areas. We used occurrence data from species distribution databases (VertNet and GBIF), published studies, and eBird for 3 thrush species (Turdidae; Turdus nigriceps, T. subalaris, and T. flavipes) that breed and winter in different regions of South America and built ecological niche models using ensemble forecasting approaches to infer current and future potential distributions throughout the breeding and wintering periods of each species. Our findings point to future shifts in wintering and breeding areas, mainly through elevational and longitudinal changes. Future breeding areas for T. nigriceps, which migrates along the Andes Mountains, will be displaced to the west, while breeding displacements to the east are expected for the other 2 species. An overall loss in the size of future wintering areas was also supported for 2 of the species, especially for T. subalaris, but an increase is anticipated for T. flavipes. Our results suggest that future climate change in South America will require that species shift their breeding and wintering areas to higher elevations in addition to changes in their latitudes and longitude. Our findings are the first to show how future climate change may affect migratory birds in South America throughout the year and suggest that even closely related migratory birds in South America will be affected in different ways, depending on the regions where they breed and overwinter.

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