FILOSOFIJOS IR LITERATŪROS SUSILIEJIMAS NIHILISTINIAME MĄSTYME

Problemos ◽

10.15388/problemos.2010.0.1895 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 77 ◽

pp. 129-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leo Luks

Keyword(s):

Philosophical Thinking ◽

New Era ◽

Philosophy And Literature ◽

Formal Rules

Šiuo straipsniu siekiama parodyti, kad postmetafizinė filosofija turėtų liautis mėgdžiojusi formalias mokslo taisykles ir verčiau suintensyvintų dialogą su menu, o ypač – su literatūra. Daugiausia remiamasi Gianni Vattimo, pasak kurio turėtume priimti nihilizmą ir sutikti, kad joks teorinis naratyvas nėra teisingas epistemologine prasme ir negali pretenduoti į atitiktį realybei. Remiantis nihilizmu kaip prielaida, tenka pripažinti radikalų kontingentiškumą, vadinasi, sutikti, kad jokia samprotavimo linkmė nebus amžina. Taip filosofinis mąstymas tampa silpnuoju, atsisako savo paties validumo pretenzijų, ir prasideda nauja filosofijos ir literatūros dialogo epocha, paženklinta jų susiliejimo žyme.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: nihilizmas, hermeneutika, literatūra, niekis, postmodernus.The Fusion of Philosophy and Literature in Nihilist ThoughtLeo Luks SummaryIn this paper, I will attempt to demonstrate that post-metaphysical philosophy should cease its attempts to imitate the formal rules of science and rather intensify its dialogue with art, especially literature. I will draw on the philosophy of Gianni Vattimo, according to whom we should accept nihilism and admit that no theoretical narrative is true in the sense of corresponding to reality. Acceptance of nihilism amounts to the acceptance of radical contingency, where no line of argument is everlasting. As philosophical thinking is weakened in this manner, and as it lets go of the presumption of its own validity, a new era will arrive in the dialogue between philosophy and literature by their fusion.Keywords: nihilism, hermeneutics, literature, nothingness, postmodern.: 18px;">

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China

The Politics of Presidential Term Limits ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198837404.003.0013 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 247-268

Author(s):

Zhengxu Wang ◽

Anastas Vangeli

Keyword(s):

Xi Jinping ◽

New Era ◽

Party Leaders ◽

General Secretary ◽

Party State ◽

Formal Rules

In China, the ruling Chinese Communist Party’s rules govern the terms and tenures of party and state leaders. This chapter recounts the evolution of the party-state’s term-related rules from the Mao (1949–78) to the Deng (1980s–90s) and post-Deng (1990s–2012) eras. Formal rules developed from the 1980s through the 2010s to govern the tenure of party leaders and officials, which led to formal and predictable elite turnovers within the system, up to its very top level. By the turn of century, the paramount leader, who concurrently serves as general secretary of the Party, state president, and chairman of the Central Military Commission, had been brought under the same set of rules. The current president Xi Jinping appears to have opened a new era in which the rules governing the tenure and replacement of the top leader will have to be rewritten. We examine the various possibilities lying ahead.

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Unbiased estimation of particle number and sizes using the new stereological tools: the disector, the fractionator, the selector, and the nucleator — or just point-sampled intercepts

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100104200 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 428-429

Author(s):

H.J.G. Gundersen

Keyword(s):

Particle Number ◽

Small Distance ◽

Parallel Plane ◽

Unbiased Estimation ◽

Severe Problem ◽

New Era ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Distinct Property ◽

Sectioned Tissue

Previously, all stereological estimation of particle number and sizes were based on models and notoriously gave biased results, were very inefficient to use and difficult to justify. For all references to old methods and a direct comparison with unbiased methods see recent reviews.The publication in 1984 of the DISECTOR, the first unbiased stereological probe for sampling and counting 3—D objects irrespective of their size and shape, signalled the new era in stereology — and give rise to a number of remarkably simple and efficient techniques based on its distinct property: It is the only known way to obtain an unbiased sample of 3-D objects (cells, organelles, etc). The principle is simple: within a 2-D unbiased frame count or sample only cells which are not hit by a parallel plane at a known, small distance h.The area of the frame and h must be known, which might sometimes in itself be a problem, albeit usually a small one. A more severe problem may arise because these constants are known at the scale of the fixed, embedded and sectioned tissue which is often shrunken considerably.

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Drug Induced Changes in Cell Organelles

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100100299 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 110-111

Author(s):

Sarah A. Luse

Keyword(s):

Clinical Medicine ◽

Cell Organelles ◽

Riboflavin Deficiency ◽

Drug Induced ◽

New Era ◽

Health And Disease ◽

In The Beginning ◽

Cellular Pathology ◽

Induced Changes ◽

The Impact

In the mid-nineteenth century Virchow revolutionized pathology by introduction of the concept of “cellular pathology”. Today, a century later, this term has increasing significance in health and disease. We now are in the beginning of a new era in pathology, one which might well be termed “organelle pathology” or “subcellular pathology”. The impact of lysosomal diseases on clinical medicine exemplifies this role of pathology of organelles in elucidation of disease today.Another aspect of cell organelles of prime importance is their pathologic alteration by drugs, toxins, hormones and malnutrition. The sensitivity of cell organelles to minute alterations in their environment offers an accurate evaluation of the site of action of drugs in the study of both function and toxicity. Examples of mitochondrial lesions include the effect of DDD on the adrenal cortex, riboflavin deficiency on liver cells, elevated blood ammonia on the neuron and some 8-aminoquinolines on myocardium.

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