Radiology and mammography standard X-ray spectra simulated with the Monte Carlo method

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2C) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Marques Xavier Filho ◽  
Iury Santos Silveira ◽  
Linda Viola Ehlin Caldas
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Monte Carlo Code ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
The Mean

Six standard beams described in the TRS-457 (IAEA): RQR 5, 8, M1, M2, M3, M4 were simulated using the EGSnrc Monte Carlo code. Each spectrum was created by an X-ray tube simulated in BEAMnrc, and attenuation curves were obtained using the application egs_kerma. The quality of each beam was evaluated by the 1st and 2nd half-value layers, the homogeneity coefficients and the mean energies. All beams presented quality parameters compatible with those described in TRS-457 (IAEA).

UGR CALCULATION BASED ON THE LUMINANCE SPATIAL-ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Viktor Zheltov ◽  
Viktor Chembaev
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Visual Task ◽  
New Method ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
System A ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method

The article has considered the calculation of the unified glare rating (UGR) based on the luminance spatial-angular distribution (LSAD). The method of local estimations of the Monte Carlo method is proposed as a method for modeling LSAD. On the basis of LSAD, it becomes possible to evaluate the quality of lighting by many criteria, including the generally accepted UGR. UGR allows preliminary assessment of the level of comfort for performing a visual task in a lighting system. A new method of "pixel-by-pixel" calculation of UGR based on LSAD is proposed.

scholarly journals The Reliability Model of Artificial Monitoring on the Anomalous Event in Expressway Tunnels and Monte Carlo Simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. p172
Author(s):  
Ling WU ◽  
Yueqi HU ◽  
Weihua ZHAO ◽  
Tong ZHU
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Video Surveillance ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Reliability Models ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Anomalous Event ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

Artificial monitoring remains to be a major way to detect anomalous events in expressway tunnels. To estimate the reliability of artificial monitoring on anomalous events in expressway tunnels, the video surveillance and mobile inspection based reliability models of artificial monitoring on the anomalous event in the expressway tunnel were built, and Monte Carlo method was applied to calculate the probability and mean time to detect the anomalous event at the specific time. The results showed that the Monte Carlo method could simulate video surveillance and mobile inspection, and obtain the probability distribution and mean time of detecting anomalous events. The mean time to spot the anomalous event was in reverse relation with the number of inspectors, the time of mobile inspection, and the reliability probability of the monitoring pre-warning system in tunnels and was in positive relationships with the departure interval. Combined with the actual operation cost, the model serves as a basis for the artificial monitoring package.

X-Ray Microanalysis Combined with Monte Carlo Simulation for the Analysis of Layered Thin Films: The Case of Carbon Contamination

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Armigliato ◽  
Rodolfo Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Carbon Layer ◽  
Monte Carlo Code ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Scanning Transmission

AbstractA previously developed Monte Carlo code has been extended to the X-ray microanalysis in a (scanning) transmission electron microscope of plan sections, consisting of bilayers and triple layers. To test the validity of this method for quantification purposes, a commercially available NiOx (x ∼ 1) thin film, deposited on a carbon layer, has been chosen. The composition and thickness of the NiO film and the thickness of the C support layer are obtained by fitting to the three X-ray intensity ratios I(NiK)/I(OK), I(NiK)/I(CK), and I(OK)/I(CK). Moreover, it has been investigated to what extent the resulting film composition is affected by the presence of a contaminating carbon film at the sample surface. To this end, the sample has been analyzed both in the (recommended) “grid downward” geometry and in the upside/down (“grid upward”) situation. It is found that a carbon contaminating film of few tens of nanometers must be assumed in both cases, in addition to the C support film. Consequently, assuming the proper C/NiOx/C stack in the simulations, the Monte Carlo method yields the correct oxygen concentration and thickness of the NiOx film.

Calculation of the X-ray reflectivity of b-class mosaic crystals via the monte carlo method

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Baklanov ◽  
I. E. Vnukov ◽  
Yu. V. Zhandarmov ◽  
G. T. Duong ◽  
S. A. Laktionova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Mosaic Crystals

Applications of the uranium’s set of isotopes for nuclear dating: the Monte-Carlo method

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Oksana Pop ◽  
Volodymyr Maslyuk
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Low Background ◽  
Statistical Errors ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Geochemical Studies ◽  
Standard Sets

Abstract The new abilities of the method of standard sets of nuclides (SSN) supplemented by the procedure of statistical testing for geochemical studies and nuclear dating are presented. The method allows one move from point-like to probabilistic dating procedures when both the age of the sample and the statistical errors of its determination can be estimated. Low background γ-spectrometric experiments were carried out for samples of rocks of the Carpathian Mountains and calculations for their dating by using the SSN of the series 238U were made. The dependence of the reliability of nuclear dating on the quality of the low background experiment is discussed too.

scholarly journals Application of the Monte Carlo method to the analysis of doses and shielding around an X-ray fluorescence equipment

2017 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
José Ródenas ◽  
Belén Juste ◽  
Sergio Gallardo ◽  
Andrea Querol
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method
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