scholarly journals THE TITLE AS A PROBLEM OF HISTORICAL POETICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-77
Author(s):  
Mikhail Stroganov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Title Complex ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Modern Form

An analysis of the works devoted to the poetics of the title demonstrates that although the majority of facts are presented correctly, the lack of a systematic approach and the required historical perspective makes the explanation of their origin completely unsatisfactory. It actualizes the need to review all the discovered facts in the history of the title as a form of the author’s reflection on the text framework in the context of historical poetics. Periodization of historical poetics in the terminology proposed by S. S. Averintsev demonstrates that the title is absent in the period of pre-reflexive traditionalism and appears only when moving to the next period, namely, reflexive traditionalism. The most archaic titles include the widely understood genre and theme of the text. Later, the title transforms into merely a name; common titles with predication occur sporadically. During the Renaissance, the title may have acquired a conditional character (numerical name), and the identification of the text was carried out through the development of the predicative part, which annotated the text and was sometimes of a promotional nature. The title in its modern form emerges during the transition from reflexive traditionalism to the anti-traditionalist tendencies of the bourgeois era. In the 19th century, the abstract becomes an independent genre and breaks away from the title, while the author, who was initially in the last position, subsequently moved to the first in the title complex (book name, genre, author).

scholarly journals Cleft lip: The historical perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S4-S8
Author(s):  
S. Bhattacharya ◽  
V. Khanna ◽  
R. Kohli
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Wedge Resection ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evil Spirits ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Two Sides

ABSTRACTThe earliest documented history of cleft lip is based on a combination of religion, superstition, invention and charlatanism. While Greeks ignored their existence, Spartans and Romans would kill these children as they were considered to harbour evil spirits. When saner senses prevailed Fabricius ab Aquapendente (1537–1619) was the first to suggest the embryological basis of these clefts. The knowledge of cleft lip and the surgical correction received a big boost during the period between the Renaissance and the 19th century with the publication of Pierre Franco's Petit Traité and Traité des Hernies in which he described the condition as “lièvre fendu de nativitè” (cleft lip present from birth). The first documented Cleft lip surgery is from China in 390 BC in an 18 year old would be soldier, Wey Young-Chi. Albucasis of Arabia and his fellow surgeons used the cautery instead of the scalpel and Yperman in 1854 recommended scarifying the margins with a scalpel before suturing them with a triangular needle dipped in wax. The repair was reinforced by passing a long needle through the two sides of the lip and fixing the shaft of the needle with a figure-of-eight thread over the lip. Germanicus Mirault can be credited to be the originator of the triangular flap which was later modified by C.W. Tennison in 1952 and Peter Randall in 1959. In the late 50s, Ralph Millard gave us his legendary ‘cut as you go’ technique. The protruding premaxilla of a bilateral cleft lip too has seen many changes throughout the ages OE from being discarded totally to being pushed back by wedge resection of vomer to finally being left to the orthodontists.

scholarly journals Special education in Poland (until 1989) – historical perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACEK KULBAKA
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Special Schools ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Adam Mickiewicz

Jacek Kulbaka, Special education in Poland (until 1989) – historical perspective. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 27, Poznań 2019. Pp. 117–149. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. e-ISSN 2658-283X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.27.06The article is dedicated to presenting the information regarding the origins, organisation and the activity of special schools and institutions in Europe, with the particular focus on Polish territories (from the beginning of the 19th century to the final years of the Polish People’s Republic). The text nature may be included within the framework of inquiries regarding the history of education. Referring to the wide historical context (social, political, economical, legal, outlook and other determinants), the aim of the author of the text was to introduce the accomplishments of particular individuals, and various institutions active for the children with disabilities, in the discussed period.

scholarly journals KAZAN SCIENTIST MOHAMMED ABDUL KARIM AND TURKISH PHILOSOPHER HILMI ZIYA ULKEN

Al-Farabi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Aytek Mammadova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article examines the creativity and activities of the Kazan scientist Damulla Mohammed Abdulkarim Hazrat and his great-grandson Hilmi Ziya Ulken. Damulla Muhamamad Abdulkarim Hazrat was known in Kazan in the 19th century as a religious figure and cleric (mudarris). Here are the differences in views between Muhammad Abdulkarim and the famous contemporary Muslim theologian and orientalist Shigabutdin Mardjani in terms of their religious views. In the article, from the point of view of a systematic approach and a historical method, the reasons for the disagreements created under the influence of time and events were considered, in connection with which Sh. Marjani spoke from the position of a reformist scientist in relation to the ideas of the conservative scientist Muhammad Abdulkarim. The article notes that Kazan scientists had relations with the Ottoman state in the 19th century, and the resettlement of Muhammad Abdulkarim to Istanbul with his family took place in 1863. Here, after his move to Istanbul, the Ottoman state paid him and seven members of his family a salary, which was noted in the documents of those times. In this document, Muhammad Abdulkarim was presented as a scientist of scholars and a creator of good deeds. The article says that the granddaughter of Damulla Muhammad Abdulkarim Hazrat - Musfika khanum (1881-1978) was the mother of Hilmi Ziya Ulken. Hilmi Zia Ulken (1901-1974) made a great contribution to the development of science and philosophy in Turkey with his works. The study examines the rich creative heritage of Hilmi Zia Ulken, presents the researches of the scientist on the history of Eastern philosophy, in particular, religion. The article says that the thinker presented the Koran as a valuable source, which is both sacred and vital for the ideology of all Muslims, especially the Turkic peoples living in the countries of the Near and Middle East. Hilmi Zia Ulken regarded the emergence of human religions as a revolutionary event, showing that these religions teach humanity to spiritual uplift and improvement. The study says that religious and philosophical issues also play an important role in the work of Hilmi Ziya Ulken, who, like his great-grandfather, Kazan cleric Damulla Muhammad Abdulkarim Hazret, became famous for his works in various fields of science.

scholarly journals Neurology of Ukraine in the mirror of exonumia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
O.V. Syniachenko ◽  
M.V. Yermolaeva ◽  
S.M. Verzilov ◽  
K.V. Liventsova ◽  
T.Yu. Syniachenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
History Of Neurology ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

The main goal was to analyze the history of neurology of Ukraine using exonumia materials. Exonumia (a form of medallic educational art) is a branch of historical science numismatics (from the Latin numisma — coin), which originated in the 19th century and became closely related to economics, politics, culture and law; it includes the thematic study of medals and plaques. The medal became the prototype of a commemorative (memorial) coin. This work presents a catalogue of 43 numismatic materials (me­dals), including some unique ones, presented for the first time, brief biographies of physicians (21 persons) who have made an invaluable contribution to the formation of this scientific discipline. Unfortunately, for now the memory of famous doctors of the past has not been sufficiently marked by the release of numismatic (exonumia) products, so in the future we hope for a systematic approach to this matter, for the purposeful promotion of the achievements of neurology by meaning of numismatics, which provides an illustrative example for studying the history of medicine, contributes to an increase in the level of education of doctors. The authors expect the appearance of new interesting materials of such small forms of art.

MASJID BESAR RAJA HAJI ABDUL GHANI PULAU BURU KEPULAUAN RIAU

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurman Kholis
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
District Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Buddhists ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Level Government

Abstract. Many Muslims in the Riau Islands do not know the history of the development of Islamic theory from the center of power to spread to various corners. This is as the existence of the Great Mosque of Raja Haji Abdul Ghani (MBRHAG) on Buru Island, Karimun. Thus, to uncover the existence of this mosque, qualitative research methods are used so that history, architecture, and socio-religious functions can be known. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the establishment of MBRHAG was initiated by Raja Haji Abdul Ghani. He was the first Amir (sub-district level government) of the kingdom of Riau-Lingga on Buru Island, in the 19th century. The architecture is a Chinese. Therefore, on the right side of this mosque is around 200 m, there is also the Sam Po Teng Temple and the Tri Dharma Dewa Bumi. Thus, the close location of the mosque with Chinese and Confucian worship houses's shows a harmonious relationship between Malay Muslims and Chinese Buddhists. In fact, in the continuation of this relationship there was information that a Chinese Buddhist had joined a Muslim friend to fast for half a month of Ramadan.Keywords: Mosque, Malay Muslims, Chinese Buddhists/Confucians, Harmonious RelationsAbstrak. Umat Islam di Kepulauan Riau banyak yang tidak mengenal sejarah perkembangan ajaran Islam dari pusat kekuasaan hingga tersebar ke berbagai pelosok. Hal ini sebagaimana keberadaan Masjid Besar Raja Haji Abdul Ghani (MBRHAG) di Pulau Buru, Karimun. Dengan demikian, untuk mengungkapkan keberadaan masjid ini digunakan metode penelitian kualitatif  agar dapat diketahui sejarah, arsitektur, dan fungsi sosial keagamaannya.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pendirian MBRHAG diprakarsai oleh Raja Haji Abdul Ghani. Ia adalah Amir (pemerintah setingkat kecamatan) pertama kerajaan Riau-Lingga di Pulau Buru, pada abad ke-19. Adapun arsitekturnya adalah seorang Tionghoa. Karena itu, di sebelah kanan masjid ini sekitar 200 m juga terdapat Kelenteng Sam Po Teng dan cetya Tri Dharma Dewa Bumi. Dengan demikian, dekatnya lokasi masjid dengan rumah ibadah umat Tionghoa dan Khonghucu ini menunjukkan hubungan yang harmonis antara muslim Melayu dengan Budhis Tionghoa. Bahkan, dalam kelangsungan hubungan ini terdapat informasi seorang Buddhis Tionghoa pernah ikut temannya yang beragama muslim untuk berpuasa selama setengah bulan Ramadhan.Kata Kunci: Masjid, Muslim Melayu, Buddhis/Khonghucu Tionghoa, Hubungan Harmonis

On the nature of chemistry

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Scerri
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recent History ◽  
History Of Chemistry ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Fundamental Unity ◽  
The 19Th Century

<span>The very nature of chemistry presents us with a tension. A tension between the exhilaration of diversity of substances and forms on the one hand and the safety of fundamental unity on the other. Even just the recent history of chemistry has been al1 about this tension, from the debates about Prout's hypothesis as to whether there is a primary matter in the 19th century to the more recent speculations as to whether computers will enable us to virtually dispense with experimental chemistry.</span>

Bonobos

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

This is a comprehensive, illustrated catalogue of the 200+ marine chronometers in the collections of Royal Museums Greenwich. Every chronometer has been completely dismantled, studied and recorded, and illustrations include especially commissioned line drawings as well as photographs. The collection is also used to illustrate a newly researched and up-to-date chapter describing the history of the marine chronometer, so the book is much more than simply a catalogue. The history chapter naturally includes the story of John Harrison’s pioneering work in creating the first practical marine timekeepers, all four of which are included in the catalogue, newly photographed and described in minute detail for the first time. In fact full technical and historical data are provided for all of the marine chronometers in the collection, to an extent never before attempted, including biographical details of every maker represented. A chapter describes how the 19th century English chronometer was manufactured, and another provides comprehensive and logically arranged information on how to assess and date a given marine chronometer, something collectors and dealers find particularly difficult. For further help in identification of chronometers, appendices include a pictorial record of the number punches used by specific makers to number their movements, and the maker’s punches used by the rough movement makers. There is also a close-up pictorial guide to the various compensation balances used in chronometers in the collection, a technical Glossary of terms used in the catalogue text and a concordance of the various inventory numbers used in the collection over the years.

A great inspiration for today's vaccination efforts: Biographical sketch of Francisco Xavier Balmis (1753–1819)

2021 ◽  
pp. 096777202110347
Author(s):  
Gabriel E Andrade
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Biographical Sketch ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The management of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic will require huge worldwide vaccination efforts. In this endeavour, healthcare workers face the twofold challenge of reaching remote areas, and persuading people to take the vaccine shots. As it happens, this is nothing new in the history of medicine. Health workers can take inspiration from Francisco Xavier Balmis, a Spanish physician of the 19th century who realised the importance of Jenner's vaccine against smallpox, and led a big successful expedition to administer the vaccines in the Spanish colonial possessions of the Western hemisphere and Asia. This article presents a biographical sketch of Balmis, focusing on his expedition.

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