scholarly journals Diabetic nephropathy is a risk factor for audio-vestibular system

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Rafeek Mohamed ◽  
Hesham Mahmoud Samy ◽  
Mohamed Ahmed Shaarawy ◽  
Kholoud Nashaat Moustafa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Vestibular System ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Brainstem Response

Objective: There is evidence that both inner ear and kidney tissue are immunological, biochemically and functionally related. Accordingly, this study was conducted to explore, if there is possible damage of the ear associated with diabetic nephropathy. This may help in early diagnosis and early management of hearing problem and the vestibular problem which is a leading cause of fall and death especially in the geriatric population. Study design: Prospective study. Methods: All participants subjected to the following, thorough history of audio-vestibular symptoms, otoscopic examination, and basic audiological evaluation. Advanced audiological evaluation in the form of extended high frequency assessment. Distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) & auditory brainstem response (ABR). Vestibular assessment in the form of vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) and caloric test. Results: The vestibular system more resistant to diabetes than the auditory system as the only affected part in this research is the inferior vestibular division while the superior division was not affected. Conclusion: The audio-vestibular system was affected in patients with diabetic nephropathy more than the other diabetic patients and the vestibular system more resistant to diabetes than the auditory system. Screening of patients with diabetic nephropathy with a rapid test with minimal time consuming as OAE and cVEMP will help in early detection, early management of any affection of the audio-vestibular system and hence may aid in the prevention of imbalance, falls and death.

scholarly journals Evoked Potentials Reveal Noise Exposure–Related Central Auditory Changes Despite Normal Audiograms

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi F. Bramhall ◽  
Christopher E. Niemczak ◽  
Sean D. Kampel ◽  
Curtis J. Billings ◽  
Garnett P. McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Nerve Fiber ◽  
Central Auditory System ◽  
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Latency Response

Purpose Complaints of auditory perceptual deficits, such as tinnitus and difficulty understanding speech in background noise, among individuals with clinically normal audiograms present a perplexing problem for audiologists. One potential explanation for these “hidden” auditory deficits is loss of the synaptic connections between the inner hair cells and their afferent auditory nerve fiber targets, a condition that has been termed cochlear synaptopathy . In animal models, cochlear synaptopathy can occur due to aging or exposure to noise or ototoxic drugs and is associated with reduced auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave I amplitudes. Decreased ABR wave I amplitudes have been demonstrated among young military Veterans and non-Veterans with a history of firearm use, suggesting that humans may also experience noise-induced synaptopathy. However, the downstream consequences of synaptopathy are unclear. Method To investigate how noise-induced reductions in wave I amplitude impact the central auditory system, the ABR, the middle latency response (MLR), and the late latency response (LLR) were measured in 65 young Veterans and non-Veterans with normal audiograms. Results In response to a click stimulus, the MLR was weaker for Veterans compared to non-Veterans, but the LLR was not reduced. In addition, low ABR wave I amplitudes were associated with a reduced MLR, but with an increased LLR. Notably, Veterans reporting tinnitus showed the largest mean LLRs. Conclusions These findings indicate that decreased peripheral auditory input leads to compensatory gain in the central auditory system, even among individuals with normal audiograms, and may impact auditory perception. This pattern of reduced MLR, but not LLR, was observed among Veterans even after statistical adjustment for sex and distortion product otoacoustic emission differences, suggesting that synaptic loss plays a role in the observed central gain. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11977854

scholarly journals Lead Induced Ototoxicity and Neurotoxicity in Adult Guinea Pig

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanni Zhang ◽  
Qian Jiang ◽  
Shaobing Xie ◽  
Xuewen Wu ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Conduction Pathway ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Brainstem Response

Lead exposure causes or aggravates hearing damage to human or animal, but the detailed effects of lead exposure on auditory system including injury sites of the cochlea in mammal remain controversy. To investigate the effect of chronic lead exposure on auditory system, 40 adult guinea pigs with normal hearing were randomly divided into five groups. They were fed 2 mmol/L lead acetate in drinking water for 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days (n = 8), respectively. Lead concentrations in blood, cochlea, and brainstem were measured. Auditory function was measured by auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). The morphology of cochlea and brainstem was observed, and expression of autophagy-related protein in brainstem was also assessed. The blood lead concentration reached a high level at the 15th day and kept stable, but the lead level in brainstem and cochlear tissue increased obviously at the 60th day and 90th day of lead exposure, respectively. There was no significant difference in the morphology of hair cells and stria vascularis (SV) among these five groups, but the number of spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) gradually decreased after 60 days. The differences of ABR thresholds and DPOAE amplitudes were not statistically significant among each group, but I wave latency, III latency, and I-III wave interval of ABR were delayed with the prolonging of time of lead exposure. The expressions of autophagy-related protein ATG5, ATG6, and LC3B in brainstem were increased after 30 days. These results suggest that the key target of lead toxicity was the auditory nerve conduction pathway including SGNs and brainstem, rather than cochlear hair cells and SV. Autophagy may play a very important role in lead toxicity to auditory nervous system.

scholarly journals Hearing Damage Induced by Blast Overpressure at Mild TBI Level in a Chinchilla Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 248-255
Author(s):  
Kyle D Smith ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
Rong Z Gan
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Mild Tbi ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Blast Overpressure ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Hearing Damage

Abstract Introduction The peripheral auditory system and various structures within the central auditory system are vulnerable to blast injuries, and even blast overpressure is at relatively mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) level. However, the extent of hearing loss in relation to blast number and time course of post-blast is not well understood. This study reports the progressive hearing damage measured in chinchillas after multiple blast exposures at mild TBI levels (103–138 kPa or 15–20 psi). Materials and Methods Sixteen animals (two controls) were exposed to two blasts and three blasts, respectively, in two groups with both ears plugged with foam earplugs to prevent the eardrum from rupturing. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) were measured in pre- and post-blasts. Immunohistochemical study of chinchilla brains were performed at the end of experiment. Results Results show that the ABR threshold and DPOAE level shifts in 2-blast animals were recovered after 7 days. In 3-blast animals, the ABR and DPOAE shifts remained at 26 and 23 dB, respectively after 14 days. Variation of auditory cortex damage between 2-blast and 3-blast was also observed in immunofluorescence images. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the number of blasts causing mild TBI critically affects hearing damage.

scholarly journals Vestibular Function in Psoriasis Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556132097068
Author(s):  
Abdullah Kınar ◽  
Abdulkadir Bucak ◽  
Şahin Ulu ◽  
Nilay Duman ◽  
Nur Betül Baştuğ
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular System ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Immune Mediated

Introduction: Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease that is characterized by T-cell-mediated hyperproliferation of the keratinocytes. It develops through immune-mediated mechanisms and is defined as an immune-mediated inflammatory disease. The inner ear is susceptible to inflammatory attacks, and vertigo and dizziness can occur as a complication. There is little information about psoriasis and the vestibular system. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) results of psoriasis patients and the effect of psoriasis on the vestibular system. Materials and Methods: Randomly selected and included in the study were patients who had been admitted to the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of the Afyon Kocatepe University Medical Faculty, between November 15, 2017, and March 15, 2018, with the diagnosis of psoriasis, in addition to a healthy control group. This research was designed as cross-sectional study. Ethics committee permission was received. Both cVEMP and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) tests were administered to all of the participants. Values were compared between the control group and psoriasis patients. Results: The study included 43 psoriasis patients and 40 controls. The duration of treatment of the patients and the drugs that they were using were noted. The psoriasis patients had lower p13–n23 amplitude differences in their cVEMP tests ( P < .05). These patients also had lower signal to noise ratio values, at 4 and 6 kHz, on their DPOAE tests ( P < .05). Conclusion: Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease that can be associated with vestibulocochlear dysfunction.

scholarly journals Deletion of Oncomodulin Gives Rise to Early Progressive Cochlear Dysfunction in C57 and CBA Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie K. Climer ◽  
Aubrey J. Hornak ◽  
Kaitlin Murtha ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Andrew M. Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Outer Hair Cells ◽  
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brainstem Response

Ca2+ signaling is a major contributor to sensory hair cell function in the cochlea. Oncomodulin (OCM) is a Ca2+ binding protein (CaBP) preferentially expressed in outer hair cells (OHCs) of the cochlea and few other specialized cell types. Here, we expand on our previous reports and show that OCM delays hearing loss in mice of two different genetic backgrounds: CBA/CaJ and C57Bl/6J. In both backgrounds, genetic disruption of Ocm leads to early progressive hearing loss as measured by auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). In both strains, loss of Ocm reduced hearing across lifetime (hearing span) by more than 50% relative to wild type (WT). Even though the two WT strains have very different hearing spans, OCM plays a considerable and similar role within their genetic environment to regulate hearing function. The accelerated age-related hearing loss (ARHL) of the Ocm KO illustrates the importance of Ca2+ signaling in maintaining hearing health. Manipulation of OCM and Ca2+ signaling may reveal important clues to the systems of function/dysfunction that lead to ARHL.

scholarly journals Profile of Diabetic Nephropathy in Southern Morocco

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANAA BENBRIA ◽  
Abdelaali BAHADI ◽  
Youssef ZORKANI ◽  
MOUNIA AZIZI ◽  
yassir zajjari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

Abstract Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has a steadily increasing prevalence, particularly because of the increase in sedentary lifestyle and obesity. It is defined as the persistent presence of albuminuria in a diabetic patient and requires early management to prevent progression to end-stage renal failure. The purpose of this work is to describe the epidemiologic profile and the progression of DN for the first time in a southern Moroccan region: Guelmim Oued noun - Moroccan Sahara.Patients and methods: It is a retrospective study conducted at the 5th military hospital in Guelmim and including all diabetic patients seen in nephrology consultation between January 2015 and December 2018. We collected the following parameters of our patients: demographics, comorbidities, prescribed treatments and biological data (Albuminuria, renal function and glycated hemoglobin) during their nephrology follow-up.Résults: During the study period 267 diabetic patients were included among 1042 patients, which represented 25.9% of the nephrology consultation activity. Their average age was 64.3 years with a slight male predominance (60%) and only two patients had type 1 diabetes. At the first nephrology consultation the average duration of diabetes was 14.6 years, 61 (22.8%) patients were on diet alone, 95 (35.5%) on oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs), 94 (35.2%) on insulin and 35 (13%) on OAD and insulin. Half the patients were hypertensive and 107 (40%) already had a cardiovascular complication (arterial disease, coronary artery disease or stroke). The average initial albuminuria was 388 mg/24h and the average glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 67 ml/min ; 115 (43%) patients being in renal failure. 46 (17%) patients had no renal function assessment during their previous follow-up and only 139 (52%) were on renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASIs). After 12-month-follow-up in nephrology, the average GFR was 70 ml/min and 64 ml /min after two years.Conclusion: Diabetic nephropathy accounts for at least a quarter of nephrology consultation activity in the region of Guelmim Oued Noun. It is characterized in this context by the delay in treatment using renin angiotensin system inhibitors and late nephrology referral hence the need to strengthen preventive strategies in this region especially continuous training.

Does Oral Monosodium Glutamate Have a Cochleotoxic Effect? An Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Selis Gulseven Guven ◽  
Onur Ersoy ◽  
Ruhan Deniz Topuz ◽  
Erdoğan Bulut ◽  
Gulnur Kizilay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Outer Hair Cell ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Outer Hair Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Brainstem Response

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The effect of orally consumed monosodium glutamate (MSG), which is a common additive in the food industry, on the cochlea has not been investigated. The present study aimed to investigate the possible cochleotoxic effects of oral MSG in guinea pigs using electrophysiological, biochemical, and histopathological methods. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Thirty guinea pigs were equally divided into control and intervention groups (MSG 100 mg/kg/day; MSG 300 mg/kg/day). At 1 month, 5 guinea pigs from each group were sacrificed; the rest were observed for another month. Electrophysiological measurements (distortion product otoacoustic emission [DPOAE] and auditory brainstem response [ABR]), glutamate levels in the perilymph and blood samples, and histopathological examinations were evaluated at 1 and 2 months. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Change in signal-to-noise ratio at 2 months was significantly different in the MSG 300 group at 0.75 kHz and 2 kHz (<i>p</i> = 0.013 and <i>p</i> = 0.044, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in ABR wave latencies of the guinea pigs given MSG compared to the control group after 1 and 2 months; an increase was noted in ABR thresholds, although the difference was not statistically significant. In the MSG groups, moderate-to-severe degeneration and cell loss in outer hair cells, support cells, and spiral ganglia, lateral surface junction irregularities, adhesions in stereocilia, and partial loss of outer hair cell stereocilia were noted. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> MSG, administered in guinea pigs at a commonly utilized quantity and route of administration in humans, may be cochleotoxic.

Thymoquinone treatment for inner-ear acoustic trauma in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Aksoy ◽  
R Dogan ◽  
A Yenigun ◽  
B Veyseller ◽  
O Ozturan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Acoustic Trauma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Trauma Group

AbstractObjective:To investigate whether thymoquinone has any eliminative effects against inner-ear damage caused by acoustic trauma.Methods:Thirty-two male rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 was only exposed to acoustic trauma. Group 2 was given thymoquinone 24 hours before acoustic trauma and continued to receive it for 10 days after the trauma. Group 3 was only treated with thymoquinone, for 10 days. Group 4, the control group, suffered no trauma and received saline instead of thymoquinone. Groups 1 and 2 were exposed to acoustic trauma using 105 dB SPL white noise for 4 hours.Results:There was a significant decrease in distortion product otoacoustic emission values and an increase in auditory brainstem response thresholds in group 1 on days 1, 5 and 10, compared with baseline measurements. In group 2, a decrease in distortion product otoacoustic emission values and an increase in auditory brainstem response threshold were observed on day 1 after acoustic trauma, but measurements were comparable to baseline values on days 5 and 10. In group 3, thymoquinone had no detrimental effects on hearing. Similarly, the control group showed stable results.Conclusion:Thymoquinone was demonstrated to be a reparative rather than preventive treatment that could be used to relieve acoustic trauma.

scholarly journals Oncomodulin Delays Age-Related Hearing Loss in C57 and CBA Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie K Climer ◽  
Aubrey J Hornak ◽  
Kaitlin Murtha ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Andrew M Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Outer Hair Cells ◽  
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Progressive Hearing Loss ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brainstem Response

Ca2+ signaling is a major contributor to sensory hair cell function in the cochlea. Oncomodulin (OCM) is a Ca2+ binding protein preferentially expressed in outer hair cells of the cochlea and few other specialized cell types. Here, we expand on our previous reports and show that OCM prevents early progressive hearing loss in mice of two different genetic backgrounds: CBA/CaJ and C57Bl/6J. In both backgrounds, genetic disruption of Ocm leads to early progressive hearing loss as measured by auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). In both strains, loss of Ocm reduced hearing across lifetime (hearing span) by more than 50% relative to wild type (WT). Even though the two WT strains have very different hearing spans, OCM plays a considerable and similar role within their genetic environment to regulate hearing function. The accelerated ARHL of the Ocm KO illustrates the importance of Ca2+ signaling in maintaining hearing health.

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