To the approval of the Galician carp group

Purpose. To evaluate the reproductive indicators and exterior characteristics of the breeding brood stock of the Galician carp group at the original farms, namely farms "Korop" and "Dzherelo", State Enterprise "Lviv Experimental Station". Methodology. The study was conducted according to generally accepted methods in fish farming and breeding using statistical processing and data analysis. The productive features of the Galician carp were improved by the method of mass selection and directional selection. The tasks of the selection were to obtain a breeding stock of the Galician group, which will ensure the production of offspring with high individual weight in the first year of life. Findings. The age of maturity in brood Galician carp was 3-4 years in males and 4-5 years in females. After pituitary stimulation in the conditions of industrial reproduction, a positive reaction of the brood fish was established, which exceeded 92%. When forming breeding stocks of Galician carp in the first year of life, the intensity of selection was 15%. Directional selection on the basis of average individual weight started on the second year of life. The intensity of selection of age-1+ Galician carp group was 50%, then this parameter exceeded 85%. Reproduction of the Galician carp group occurred in spawning ponds and in industrial conditions. Working fertility of females was 1256.0 ± 132.80 thousand eggs, relative fertility - 127.5 ± 5.52 thousand eggs/kg, which was quite high in comparison with the Ukrainian framed carp. During the reproduction of Galician carp in ponds, the yield of three-day-old larvae from one nest amounted to 241 thousand individuals. According to the obtained data, based on the exterior indicators, the Galician carp group is characterized by a high-backed physique and fleshy structure, which is preserved throughout life. In view of the conducted study, the Galician carp group fully complies with the requirements of the Regulation on approbation of selection achievements in animal husbandry and can be submitted to the relevant authorities for consideration and approval as an intrabreed type of Ukrainian framed and scaly carp breeds. Originality. The analysis of reproductive indicators of the breeding brood stock of Galician carp will serve as a basis for the presentation of this group in the status of intrabreed type and its approval as a selection achievement. Practical value. The obtained results will contribute to the expansion of the Galician carp group both in the aquaculture of Ukraine and abroad. Breeding brood material as an object of selection will be involved in work with framed carp mixes. Key words: breeding, carp, inventory, grading, crossbreeding, organization of spawning, reproduction.

Download Full-text

Somatic dysfunctions in children of the ﬁrst year of life: features of formation

Russian Osteopathic Journal ◽

10.32885/2220-0975-2021-1-34-44 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 34-44

Author(s):

Yu. O. Kuzmina ◽

E. S. Tregubova ◽

E. S. Mokhova ◽

Yu. P. Potekhina

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Statistical Processing ◽

First Year ◽

Term Infants ◽

North West ◽

Birth Canal ◽

Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽

Natural Birth ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Physiological Childbirth

Introduction. The health status of children of the ﬁrst year of life is primarily affected by the course of pregnancy and childbirth, as well as hereditary factors. During the newborn period, reversible disorders may occur, which can be estimated as somatic dysfunction (SD). The formation of SD in young children has its own causes and features, which have not been studied in detail until now.The goal of research — is to study the features of the osteopathic status in children of the ﬁrst year of life with different patterns of pregnancy and delivery methods for their mothers.Materials and methods. Since 2015, for 5 years, a prospective multicenter study has been conducted to investigate the osteopathic status of children of the ﬁrst year of life under a single protocol in 6 cities of Russia, organized by the Institute of Osteopathy (St. Petersburg) and the Department of Osteopathy of Mechnikov North-West State Medical University. A total of 360 full-term infants aged 1 to 12 months with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the central nervous system, and practically healthy ones were examined. All children underwent an osteopathic examination, and a detailed history of pregnancy and childbirth was collected. Based on the results of the obstetric history analysis the following groups were selected: physiological course of pregnancy, ending in physiological childbirth through the natural birth canal — 62 people; physiological course of pregnancy, ending with operative delivery — 25 people; physiological course of pregnancy, ending in complicated labor through the natural birth canal — 20 people; pregnancy with complications, ending in physiological childbirth through the natural birth canal — 104 people. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out by nonparametric methods using the Statistica 10.0 software.Results. In children born by physiological childbirth with complicated pregnancy, a smaller number of local SD (p=0,04) and a larger number of global SD were detected, but the difference with the subgroup of the pregnancy physiological course did not reach the statistical signiﬁcance. In children whose mothers had a physiological course of pregnancy, but childbirth proceeded with complications and required the use of obstetric assistance, the signiﬁcantly more number of regional SD were revealed (p<0,0001) compared with children born in physiological childbirth. The latter had a greater number of local SD of the craniosacral system (p=0,035). In children born by caesarean section and in children born through the natural birth canal without complications, the number of global, regional and local SD did not differ statistically signiﬁcantly. Osteopathic examination of children in the ﬁrst year of life showed that the ﬁrst three places in the structure of dominant SD were occupied by SD of the neck, head, and dura mater.Conclusion. Based on the data obtained as a result of the study, it can be assumed the presence of numerous factors that can lead to the formation of various SD in children of the ﬁrst year of life during pregnancy and especially during childbirth. It is necessary to further study the features of the osteopathic state in children in the postnatal period.

Download Full-text

The Development of Swallowing Respiratory Coordination

Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) ◽

10.1044/sasd18.1.19 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

Maggie-Lee Huckabee

Keyword(s):

Cortical Activation ◽

First Year ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Nasal Airflow ◽

Single Session ◽

Primary Finding ◽

Patterns Of Behavior ◽

Cortical Modulation ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Swallowing Apnea

Abstract Research exists that evaluates the mechanics of swallowing respiratory coordination in healthy children and adults as well and individuals with swallowing impairment. The research program summarized in this article represents a systematic examination of swallowing respiratory coordination across the lifespan as a means of behaviorally investigating mechanisms of cortical modulation. Using time-locked recordings of submental surface electromyography, nasal airflow, and thyroid acoustics, three conditions of swallowing were evaluated in 20 adults in a single session and 10 infants in 10 sessions across the first year of life. The three swallowing conditions were selected to represent a continuum of volitional through nonvolitional swallowing control on the basis of a decreasing level of cortical activation. Our primary finding is that, across the lifespan, brainstem control strongly dictates the duration of swallowing apnea and is heavily involved in organizing the integration of swallowing and respiration, even in very early infancy. However, there is evidence that cortical modulation increases across the first 12 months of life to approximate more adult-like patterns of behavior. This modulation influences primarily conditions of volitional swallowing; sleep and naïve swallows appear to not be easily adapted by cortical regulation. Thus, it is attention, not arousal that engages cortical mechanisms.

Download Full-text