The Development of Swallowing Respiratory Coordination

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Maggie-Lee Huckabee
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Activation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Primary Finding ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Cortical Modulation ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Swallowing Apnea

Abstract Research exists that evaluates the mechanics of swallowing respiratory coordination in healthy children and adults as well and individuals with swallowing impairment. The research program summarized in this article represents a systematic examination of swallowing respiratory coordination across the lifespan as a means of behaviorally investigating mechanisms of cortical modulation. Using time-locked recordings of submental surface electromyography, nasal airflow, and thyroid acoustics, three conditions of swallowing were evaluated in 20 adults in a single session and 10 infants in 10 sessions across the first year of life. The three swallowing conditions were selected to represent a continuum of volitional through nonvolitional swallowing control on the basis of a decreasing level of cortical activation. Our primary finding is that, across the lifespan, brainstem control strongly dictates the duration of swallowing apnea and is heavily involved in organizing the integration of swallowing and respiration, even in very early infancy. However, there is evidence that cortical modulation increases across the first 12 months of life to approximate more adult-like patterns of behavior. This modulation influences primarily conditions of volitional swallowing; sleep and naïve swallows appear to not be easily adapted by cortical regulation. Thus, it is attention, not arousal that engages cortical mechanisms.

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEGRO INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Roland B. Scott ◽  
Angella D. Ferguson ◽  
Melvin E. Jenkins ◽  
Fred F. Cutter
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
Daily Care ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
First Year Of Life

The time of occurrence of 12 neuromuscular patterns of behavior in the development of 2 groups of Negro infants from different socio-economic levels during the first year of life is presented. The Negro infants from the clinic showed acceleration over the Negro infants from private practice in their development from the 8th to the 35th week of life, after which time, the development of the 2 groups was essentially the same. The Negro infants as a group showed acceleration in their development when compared with a group of white infants studied in a similar manner by Aldrich except in 2 patterns, "smiling" and "vocalization." A marked similarity was noted during the first 30 weeks of life in the development of the white and Negro infants from private practice whose socio-economic backgrounds were substantially similar. The differences and similarities observed in the neuromuscular behavior in the 3 groups studied may be attributed mainly to environmental factors. The observed acceleration in the Negro infants is apparently an expression of greater permissiveness in daily care as practiced by the mothers or mother substitutes in the lower socio-economic classes.

Epidemiology of Physician-Diagnosed Allergic Rhinitis in Childhood

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-901
Author(s):  
Anne L. Wright ◽  
Catharine J. Holberg ◽  
Marilyn Halonen ◽  
Fernando D. Martinez ◽  
Wayne Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Maternal Cigarette Smoking ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Year Of Life

Objective. To investigate the natural history of and risk factors for allergic rhinitis in the first 6 years of life. Methods. Parents of 747 healthy children followed from birth completed a questionnaire when the child was 6 years old. Data were obtained regarding physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis (PDAR), associated symptoms, and age at onset. Risk-factor data were taken from earlier questionnaires, and data regarding immunoglobulin E (IgE) and skin-test reactivity were obtained at age 6. Results. By the age of 6, 42% of children had PDAR. Children whose rhinitis began in the first year of life had more respiratory symptoms at age 6 and were more likely to have a diagnosis of asthma. Early introduction of foods or formula, heavy maternal cigarette smoking in the first year of life, and higher IgE, as well as parental allergic disorders, were associated with early development of rhinitis. Risk factors for PDAR that remained significant in a multivanate model included maternal history of physician-diagnosed allergy (odds ratio: 2.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.35-3.54), asthma in the child (4.06, 2.06-7.99), and IgE greater than 100 IU/mL at age 6 (1.93, 1.18-3.17). The odds for atopic as opposed to nonatopic PDAR were significantly higher only among those with high IgE and those who had dogs. Conclusion. Allergic rhinitis developing in the first years of life is an early manifestation of an atopic predisposition, which may be triggered by early environmental exposures.

Faecal calprotectin levels during the first year of life in healthy children

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1806-1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu Sena Günaydın Şahin ◽  
Gonca Keskindemirci ◽  
Tülin Ayşe Özden ◽  
Özlem Durmaz ◽  
Gülbin Gökçay
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Faecal Calprotectin ◽  
First Year Of Life

Sleep cyclic alternating pattern analysis in healthy children during the first year of life: A daytime polysomnographic study

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Miano ◽  
Rosa Peraita-Adrados ◽  
Marilisa Montesano ◽  
Rosa Castaldo ◽  
Martina Forlani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cyclic Alternating Pattern ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals The gut virome of healthy children during the first year of life is diverse and dynamic

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0240958
Author(s):  
Blanca Taboada ◽  
Patricia Morán ◽  
Angélica Serrano-Vázquez ◽  
Pavel Iša ◽  
Liliana Rojas-Velázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Eukaryotic Virus ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Composition Changes

In this work, we determined the diversity and dynamics of the gut virome of infants during the first year of life. Fecal samples were collected monthly, from birth to one year of age, from three healthy children living in a semi-rural village in Mexico. Most of the viral reads were classified into six families of bacteriophages including five dsDNA virus families of the order Caudovirales, with Siphoviridae and Podoviridae being the most abundant. Eukaryotic viruses were detected as early as two weeks after birth and remained present all along the first year of life. Thirty-four different eukaryotic virus families were found, where eight of these families accounted for 98% of all eukaryotic viral reads: Anelloviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Genomoviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, Reoviridae and the plant-infecting viruses of the Virgaviridae family. Some viruses in these families are known human pathogens, and it is surprising that they were found during the first year of life in infants without gastrointestinal symptoms. The eukaryotic virus species richness found in this work was higher than that observed in previous studies; on average between 7 and 24 virus species were identified per sample. The richness and abundance of the eukaryotic virome significantly increased during the second semester of life, probably because of an increased environmental exposure of infants with age. Our findings suggest an early and permanent contact of infants with a diverse array of bacteriophages and eukaryotic viruses, whose composition changes over time. The bacteriophages and eukaryotic viruses found in these children could represent a metastable virome, whose potential influence on the development of the infant’s immune system or on the health of the infants later in life, remains to be investigated.

scholarly journals Postural tremor in children with motor development disorders in their first twelve months of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
T. V. Samsonova ◽  
S. B. Nazarov ◽  
A. A. Chistyakova ◽  
Yu. A. Ryl'skaya
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
New Method ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Postural Tremor ◽  
Sequential Development ◽  
Amplitude Increase ◽  
First Year Of Life

At the first year of a child’s life begins a gradual transition to verticalization through the sequential development of anti-gravity postures. During the maintain of these poses occurs the active muscle contraction and appears a postural tremor.Purpose: To identify the features of postural tremor while holding the first antigravity postures in children with motor development disorders and to develop a new method for its diagnosing in children in the first six months of life. During the first year of life, the child gradually moves to verticalization through the sequential development of anti-gravity postures. To maintain these postures, the child actively contracts muscles, causing postural tremor.Objective. To reveal the features of postural tremor while holding the first antigravity postures in children with motor development disorders and to develop a new diagnostic method in the first six months of life. Children characteristics and research methods. The authors examined 33 children with impaired motor development and 10 children without neurological pathology at the age of 3–5 months. All children underwent neurological examination and study of postural tremor according to our method.Results. The authors established the features of postural tremor in children with impaired motor development at the age of 3-5 months compared with healthy children, manifested in amplitude increase. The authors presented their own for recording postural tremor in children of the first six months of life at the stage of mastering the first antigravity postures. There are presented the results of the analysis postural tremor in children of 3-5 months with impaired motor development in comparison with healthy children. The article presents a new method for diagnosing impaired motor development in children of the first six months of life using the results of postural tremor research. The high diagnostic value of the developed method is shown

CARDIORESPIRATORY MONITORING OF HEALTHY CHILDREN IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
N.A. Rybalko ◽  
◽  
N.N. Korableva ◽  
N.P. Kotlukova ◽  
L.M. Makarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals The Inverse Correlation betweenStaphylococcus aureusandStreptococcus pneumoniaeColonization in Infants Is Not Explained by Differences in Serum Antibody Levels in the Generation R Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankie Lebon ◽  
Nelianne J. Verkaik ◽  
Corné P. de Vogel ◽  
Herbert Hooijkaas ◽  
Henri A. Verbrugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Pneumococcal Colonization ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Colonization Status ◽  
Maternal Igg

ABSTRACTColonization rates ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeandStaphylococcus aureusare inversely correlated in infants. Several studies have searched for determinants of this negative association. We studied the association between antipneumococcal antibodies withStaphylococcus aureuscolonization and the association between antistaphylococcal antibodies with pneumococcal colonization in healthy children in the pneumococcal vaccine era. In the first year of life, no association between maternal IgG levels and colonization was seen. In addition, no association between the IgG and IgA levels in the child versus colonization status was seen.

scholarly journals CHANGE OF MUSCLE REACTIONS TO ITS PASSIVE SHORTENING AND STRETCHING IN HEALTHY CHILDREN IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Solopova ◽  
Dmitry Zhvansky ◽  
Victor Selionov ◽  
Irina Dolinskaya ◽  
Elena Кеshishian
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals The Skin and the Eye - Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus in a Healthy 18-month-old Toddler

Folia Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radka T. Komitova ◽  
Oliana B. Boykinova ◽  
Nina S. Stoyanova
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus Infection ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Ophthalmic Branch

Abstract Herpes zoster, caused by reactivation of varicella-zoster virus, is uncommon in infancy. Even more uncommon is herpes zoster ophthalmicus, defined as herpes zoster of the ophthalmic branch of the fifth cranial nerve. Among healthy children, primary varicella-zoster virus infection during gestation as a result of maternal varicella or the first year of life is the major risk factor for development of herpes zoster in a relatively young age. Here we present an unusual case of herpes zoster ophthalmicus with dissemination in an immunocompetent toddler with favorable outcome. The child’s mother contracted chickenpox in late pregnancy and her son was very likely infected with varicella-zoster virus in utero. During a two-year follow-up the child vision was normal and there was no evidence of post herpetic neuralgia.

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