Karakteristik Katarak Kongenital di RSUD Provinsi NTB Periode 2018-2019

Congenital cataracts are the leading cause of blindness in children. Lens opacity in early life has the potential to cause permanent visual impairment if not treated promptly. Cataract surgery performed at the right time can prevent children from amblyopia (lazy eye). This study aims to determine the characteristics of congenital cataracts at the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial General Hospital in the 2018-2019 period. This research uses descriptive method. The data used is secondary data from medical records of congenital cataract patients at the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial General Hospital in the 2018-2019 period. In the 2018-2019 period, 40 children had congenital cataracts. Most of the cataract sufferers were women (52.5%); living outside the city of Mataram (92.5%) with an age distribution of under 12 months (95%) and the rest over 12 months. For infants under 12 months, 53 percent have been diagnosing at the age of 1-2 months. The characteristics of congenital cataracts found were generally bilateral (52.5%), had standard birth weight (52.5%), history of natural birth delivery (67.5%), and had other extraocular congenital abnormalities (72.5%). Most patients with congenital cataracts in the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial General Hospital have been diagnosing at a (pretty/moderately) early age of 1-2 months at the beginning of their lives. So, with appropriate and prompt therapy, hoping that it can reduce the risk of amblyopia.

Pregnancy management in patients with uterine fibroids. Case report

Uterine fibroids (UF) are the most common tumor in women of reproductive age. The growth of myomatous nodes during pregnancy is non-linear and mainly occurs in the first trimester. In most cases, UF do not burden the course of pregnancy. Large size (5 cm), retroplacental location, and/or deformity of the uterine cavity by the myomatous node are associated with increased risks of spontaneous miscarriage, placental abruption, bleeding, preterm birth, and cesarean section. Myomectomy during pregnancy is undesirable, with the development of pain syndrome, the use of acetaminophen is safe. Indications for cesarean section in UF are the presence of a large size of fibroids that prevent delivery through the natural birth canal, red degeneration of myomatous nodes, torsion of the subserous myomatous node (degree 2C).

Myomectomy or conservative management of uterine fibroids: effects on reproductive potential

AIM: The aim of this study was to analyze reproductive function, pregnancy and labor in women after laparoscopic myomectomy and in women with unoperated myoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The main group consisted of 60 patients aged 25-46 years with a scar on the uterus who had laparoscopic myomectomy. Inclusion criteria were full-term pregnancy, uterine scar after laparoscopic myomectomy for subserosal or intramural uterine myoma (3-10 cm), and myomatous nodules (one to three). The comparison group included 30 women aged 25-46 years who were not surgically treated. Inclusion criteria were full-term pregnancy, subserosal or intramural uterine myoma (3-10 cm), and myomatous nodules (one to three). All patients in the main group underwent laparoscopic myomectomy. In all cases, the myomatous nodule was removed intracapsularly, leaving the leiomyoma pseudocapsule, which, with a deep arrangement of the transmural myomatous nodules, avoided opening the uterine cavity; myomatous nodule morcellation being used. With a deep intramural arrangement of the leiomyoma, the myometrial defect was sutured layer by layer with the application of several rows of endosutures. RESULTS: Six months after myomectomy, the patients underwent MRI of their pelvic organs with contrast. In 95% of cases, the uterine scar had no anatomical insolvency. In assessing the anamnesis, gynecological diseases occurred two times more often in women in the main group: 22 (36.7%) patients resorted to the use of the in vitro fertilization method for pregnancy, while among the patients in the comparison group, there were only two (6.7%) of them (2 = 12.8; р 0.001). In the main group, moderate preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus were twice as common. In the main group, all patients were delivered by caesarean section, of which 83.3% were planned and 16.7% were emergency. In the comparison group, 73.3% of patients were delivered through the natural birth canal and 26.7% by caesarean section (2 = 149, p 0.0001). The most unfavorable signs predisposing to obstetric complications and operative delivery were the presence of multiple nodules (OR = 5.96 (1.09-32.72), p 0.05), the location of the nodule or scar in the uterine bottom (OR = 2.52 (1.00-6.33), p 0.05), and their combination with IVF (OR = 9.09 (2.42-34.07), р 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In 95% of women, the scar on the uterus after myomectomy was consistent, but all these pregnant women were delivered by cesarean section, mainly for combined indications. However, they carried out the pregnancy safely, with a good outcome for the fetus. In women with uterine myoma and its conservative management, there was a lower rate of aggravated gynecological history and obstetric complications, and 73.3% of them were delivered through the natural birth canal. Despite the increased risk of caesarean section, the presence of uterine fibroids, even of a large size (more than 4 cm), should not be considered as a contraindication to vaginal delivery.

The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem and the role of universities to activating it, Sulaymaniyah Governorate as a case study

The entrepreneurship ecosystem is a special system of relevant stakeholders that support and contribute directly or indirectly to assist entrepreneurs to launch their businesses and projects. Human capital is one of the essential components of the entrepreneurs' ecosystem on which the success of entrepreneurship depends. This research investigated the importance of the entrepreneurship ecosystem and the role of universities in activating it. Unemployment is one of the biggest a growing challenges for Iraq and the Kurdistan Region in light of the large growth rate of the population and the slow growth of the economy, which has created countless problems. This challenge must be faced by all possible means. Activating the entrepreneurship ecosystem is a proven and successful method for the natural birth and growth of businesses and projects, creating job opportunities, and reducing unemployment. The province of Sulaymaniyah was chosen as the limits of the spatial research and the temporal boundary is between the beginning of the first month and until the sixth month of 2021 within the period of the outbreak of the Covid19 epidemic. The research population is university graduates in recent years, and the research sample was 92 university graduates from various disciplines, of both sexes, and within one age category (23-26 years). The research found that most university graduates have some basic skills for business management, but before establishing their businesses, they need additional doses of skills designed through the curricula established in universities, and there were no statistically significant differences due to the gender variable in the level of their entrepreneurial abilities. It is expected that the conclusions and recommendations reached by this research will be a reference for university curricula and syllabus designers, decision-makers, and researchers for solutions to the unemployment crisis in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region.

Effects of sevoflurane exposure during different stages of pregnancy on the brain development of rat offspring

Objective This study explored the effects of sevoflurane exposure during different stages of pregnancy on the brain development of offspring. Methods Thirty-six pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, sevoflurane exposure in early (S1) pregnancy, sevoflurane exposure in middle (S2) pregnancy, and sevoflurane exposure in late (S3) pregnancy. After natural birth, the learning and memory capacity of offspring rats was analyzed using the Morris water maze experiment. The hippocampi of offspring rats were collected. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the hippocampus were measured by ELISA. Additionally, the Nissl bodies in the hippocampus were analyzed using Nissl staining. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of BDNF and CPEB2 in the hippocampus of offspring. Proteins related to the NR4A1/NF-κB pathway were analyzed using western blotting. Results The memory and learning capacity of offspring rats was significantly reduced in the S1 and S2 groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05), while there was no obvious difference between the control and S3 groups (p > 0.05). The level of IL-1β was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the S1 group compared with the control group. Sevoflurane anesthesia received in early and middle pregnancy could significantly affect the formation of Nissl bodies in the hippocampi of offspring rats. In addition, the expression of BDNF and CPEB2 in the hippocampi of offspring rats was greatly decreased in the S1 group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The expression of NR4A1 in the hippocampi of rat offspring was significantly decreased in the S1 and S2 groups compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The expression of proteins related to the NF-κB pathway was increased in the S1 group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions The neurotoxic effect of maternal sevoflurane anesthesia on the brain development of offspring is higher when the exposure occurs in early pregnancy than in late pregnancy, and its mechanism might involve the NR4A1/NF-κB pathway to increase the secretion of inflammatory cytokines.

Possibility of using of osteopathic methods of correction in the therapy of symphysiopathy in pregnant women

A number of physiological changes occurring in a woman′s organism during pregnancy includes, among other things, structural and functional changes in the musculoskeletal system, manifested by softening of the ligaments, cartilage, synovial membranes of the pubic and sacroiliac joints, and as a result, there is some discrepancy pubic bones, which contributes to the safe passage of the fetus through the natural birth canal during childbirth. However, these changes can cross physiological boundaries, leading to excessive relaxation of the pelvic joints, the occurrence of pain and the risk of divergence of the pubic symphysis during pregnancy and childbirth. Despite a fairly clear description of this condition, until now there is no unified terminology for pathological changes in the pelvic bones during pregnancy. In the Russian literature the terms such as symphysitis, symphysiopathy, divergence and rupture of the pubic articulation are accepted, but the most foreign authors suggest the term «pubic articulation dysfunction» to be used. However this term also does not fully reflect the essence of the pathological process. Despite the sufficient knowledge of the problem, the management of patients with this nosology still remains a rather serious task for clinicians. The problems of the isolated using and mutual compatibility of various non-drug methods have not yet been sufficiently studied, and the use of drugs is limited by the presence of pregnancy. A case from practice is described, devoted to the isolated use (monotherapy) of osteopathic correction in a pregnant woman in order to prevent rupture of the pubic articulation.

Contagion dynamics in multilayer networks with community structure

The study of contagion dynamics in multilayer networks has become a hot topic. Networks have the characteristics of community structure. In this work, we present a comprehensive epidemic spreading model in multilayer networks with community structure. We consider the effects of population mobility, natural mortality and natural birth rate on population dynamics and contagion dynamics. The population size is determined by natural mortality and natural birth rate. The global and local epidemic thresholds are obtained. We analyze the factors which affect epidemic thresholds. The population mobility has no effect on the global epidemic threshold, but it can affect epidemic thresholds of each community. To control outbreaks of epidemics in influential communities can well control the spreading of diseases in the whole system. It is conductive to controlling outbreak of epidemics by reducing the internal average degree and interconnected links in influential communities. Numerical simulations on synthetic networks further support and enrich our conclusions.

RADIO FREQUENCY RADIATION DEVICES AND ANTENNAS MAY VIOLATE THE RIGHT TO LIFE PRINCIPLE

This article proposesthat the Right to Life Principle, dened as “every person hasthe right to a natural birth and legitimate survival and development into adulthoodwithout environmental or othersystematic injury to theirwell-being,”may be violated byRFRemissionsfromcell phones,Wi-Fi,macro cell phone base stations (MCPBSs), 5G/4G small cell antennas (SCAs), etc. in excess of the standards set by the Building Biology Institute. BBI standardsset1000µW/m2as anextreme anomaly;theprecisedivisionpointofharm/noharmbelow1000µW/m2is unknown. I review literature describing (1) the Right to Life Principle, (2) the attributes of non-ionizing radiation, and (3) proven injury from cell phones, WiFi, MCPBSs, 5G/4G SCAs, etc. to living organisms with 20 categories of illnesses and 58 references. Non-ionizing radiation isshown to place a force eld on negatively charged particles including electrons, neurons, and DNA, and exciting/energizing electrons with shifts to outer orbits with energy emission when they return to ground orbit thereby destabilizing atoms, molecules, cells and organs in the process of orbital shifts. RFR induced illnesses include sperm damage, fetus injury, irreversibility infertility, emotional and hyperactive disorders, cancer, damage to DNA, the immune system, blood brain barrier, and stem cells, increasesin oxidative stress and free radicals, and harm to those living lessthan 500 metersfrom MCPBSs. My recommendationsto reduce injury from RFR are based upon review of the literature, experience in metering residential property and MCPBSsfor RFR, avoiding the use of RFR emitting devices and accessto line-of-sight antennas, and legislative proposalsto show the dangers of RFR devices and antennas by,for example,requiringnotice tobuyers andlessees ofresidentialpropertyof powerdensitieswithinhousingunits.