Factors Affecting Weight Gain in Nelore Calves from Birth to Weaning in the Bolivian Tropic

Retrospective data corresponding to the period between 2002 and 2018 were used, belonging to the Cooperativa Agropecuaria Integral San Juan de Yapacaní, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Data corresponding to 663 male and female calves born to primiparous and multiparous cows were used. The calves had 13 individual weight controls. The calves had 13 individual weight controls. Variables used: Date of birth, Calf live weight at birth in kg, Calf live weight at weaning in kg, Average daily gain in kg, Live weight of cow in kg, Number of calving of cows. The mean values and standard deviations of the weights at birth were 35.1 ± 4.6 kg for males and 32.3 ± 4.7 kg for females, at 240 days (weaning) the weight of the males was 229 ± 35.8 kg and for females 206 ± 31.5 kg. The mean values and standard deviations of the weight increases were 0.807 ± 0.14 kg for males and 1.0 ± 0.13 kg for females. The selected model with the regressor variables: Year, Sex of the calf, Number of calving and Live Weight at Birth, all significant (p ≤0.001). No interaction was significant to be considered in the model (p≥0.05). The live weight at birth, the sex, the years and the number of deliveries of the mothers showed in this work and for the animals analyzed to be the factors affecting the increase in live weight in the rearing stage (from birth to weaning) in Nelore calves in the Bolivian tropics.

To the approval of the Galician carp group

Purpose. To evaluate the reproductive indicators and exterior characteristics of the breeding brood stock of the Galician carp group at the original farms, namely farms "Korop" and "Dzherelo", State Enterprise "Lviv Experimental Station". Methodology. The study was conducted according to generally accepted methods in fish farming and breeding using statistical processing and data analysis. The productive features of the Galician carp were improved by the method of mass selection and directional selection. The tasks of the selection were to obtain a breeding stock of the Galician group, which will ensure the production of offspring with high individual weight in the first year of life. Findings. The age of maturity in brood Galician carp was 3-4 years in males and 4-5 years in females. After pituitary stimulation in the conditions of industrial reproduction, a positive reaction of the brood fish was established, which exceeded 92%. When forming breeding stocks of Galician carp in the first year of life, the intensity of selection was 15%. Directional selection on the basis of average individual weight started on the second year of life. The intensity of selection of age-1+ Galician carp group was 50%, then this parameter exceeded 85%. Reproduction of the Galician carp group occurred in spawning ponds and in industrial conditions. Working fertility of females was 1256.0 ± 132.80 thousand eggs, relative fertility - 127.5 ± 5.52 thousand eggs/kg, which was quite high in comparison with the Ukrainian framed carp. During the reproduction of Galician carp in ponds, the yield of three-day-old larvae from one nest amounted to 241 thousand individuals. According to the obtained data, based on the exterior indicators, the Galician carp group is characterized by a high-backed physique and fleshy structure, which is preserved throughout life. In view of the conducted study, the Galician carp group fully complies with the requirements of the Regulation on approbation of selection achievements in animal husbandry and can be submitted to the relevant authorities for consideration and approval as an intrabreed type of Ukrainian framed and scaly carp breeds. Originality. The analysis of reproductive indicators of the breeding brood stock of Galician carp will serve as a basis for the presentation of this group in the status of intrabreed type and its approval as a selection achievement. Practical value. The obtained results will contribute to the expansion of the Galician carp group both in the aquaculture of Ukraine and abroad. Breeding brood material as an object of selection will be involved in work with framed carp mixes. Key words: breeding, carp, inventory, grading, crossbreeding, organization of spawning, reproduction.

Effects of attractants inclusion on the growth and survival of Channa striata

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different natural and artificial attractants in the diet of stripped snakeheads Channa striata. The experiment was conducted into two phases- Nursery and Grow-out. There were four treatments TC (Control), TG (Glycine), TA (Alanine) and TN (Nappi) for each phase with three replicates. In phase-1, the fry/fingerling were fed three times daily for four months; in phase-2, the fish were fed twice daily in the morning and afternoon for six months where the effects of formulated diets were compared with control (TC) which is locally available as commercial feed. In phase-1, significantly (p<0.05) lower FCR (1.58±0.13), higher individual weight gain (91.90 g), higher SGR (2.47±1.79 %/day), higher survival (90%), and higher feeding efficiency (57.60±5.54%) were found in the control (TC) compared to all other treatments. On the other hand, in phase-2, significantly (p<0.05) lower FCR (1.63±0.06), higher individual weight gain (299 g), and higher feeding efficiency (45.96±1.63%) were found in Nappi (TN) supplemented diet whereas significantly (p<0.05) higher survival (93.33%) and higher SGR (0.90±0.17 %/day) were found in Glycine (TG) supplement diet compared to the control (TC). Therefore, domestication and then the addition of natural and artificial attractants in formulated feeds may enhance the efficacy of formulated feeds for better growth and survival of the carnivorous fish like stripped snakeheads especially in grow-out phase. Hence, this finding will help to culture C. striata using protein-rich formulated feed adding attractants rather than depending on any live feed or formulated feed which is not commercially feasible.

The Average Weight of Fish Caught by Anglers at the Croatian Section of the Sava River Catchment

The aim of this research is to compare the average individual weight of the four most important fish species in fisheries (Cyprinus carpio, Silurus glanis, Esox lucius and Sander lucioperca), caught by angling in different parts of the Sava River catchment in Croatia. Significant differences were expressed between the counties along the Sava River catchment, with the smallest specimens (p˂0.05) caught in Vukovar-Sirmium county. Artisanal fishery is mostly developed in that part of the Sava River, along with angling in both countries – Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Furthermore, the inflow of the River Bosna passes through urban and industrial cities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It can be concluded that implementing recreational fishing surveys with the specific aim of obtaining data on average individual weight is useful for fishery management.

THE AMOUNT OF PIGMENTATION DEPENDING ON THE GENETICS OF THE BLACK KARAKUL

The article studies the effect of the pigmentation saturation of black karakul sheep on their heredity. The saturation of pigmentation in wool was studied in 20 rams of different origins. Among black rams obtained from one pair, the share of highly pigmented rams was 75.0%, the share of individuals with normal pigmentation was 25.0%. Among the rams obtained from brown and blue sheep, there were no individuals with very high pigmentation, and the proportion of individuals with normal pigmentation saturation was 50.0%. The study showed that the level of pigmentation in the coat of offspring depends on their origin. A high individual weight of 71.5 kg was confirmed in rams obtained from one pair. The smallest live weights of 64.8 kg and 68.4 kg were observed in individuals from colored rams. The inheritance of color and saturation of pigmentation was established in the offspring of black rams of different genotypes. Color inheritance has been studied in the offspring of black rams of different genotypes. When mating homozygous black rams with black queens, 100% of black lambs were obtained. When black rams obtained from brown sheep were mated with brown queens, 95.35% black and 4.65% brown offspring were obtained in the offspring. When mating black rams obtained from blue sheep with blue queens, 50.59% and 49.41% of offspring were obtained. In general, among lambs they are more often found with normal pigmentation, their share was 48.8-53.3%, and the share of lambs with low pigmentation saturation was 8.9-21.9%. The proportion of lambs with high pigmentation saturation -37.8% was observed in black animals from black rams. The lowest proportion of highly pigmented lambs, -30.2%, was obtained from black queens from blue sheep. At the same time, the lowest proportion of poorly saturated lambs - 8.9%, was obtained in black queens from black sheep, and the highest proportion of such lambs - 21.9%, in black queens from brown sheep.

Pertumbuhan larva kumbang tanduk (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) pada berbagai media tumbuh tanaman Famili Arecaceae

<p>Rhinoceros beetle (<em>Oryctes rhinoceros</em>) is the main pest of various crops, especially Arecaceae. This research aims to obtain the best growing media of the Arecaceae for the growth of <em>O. rhinoceros </em>larvae. This research expected was designed using a complete randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment used was different media growth from Arecaceae plants namely palm oil, coconut, sago, and areca, chopped stem, as well as topsoil as control. Parameters measured included individual weight gain of larvae, larval length, a width of <em>O. rhinoceros </em>larvae, with supporting data of soil temperature and humidity, and chemical analysis of organic matter (C-Organic, total N, P-total, and K-Total). The results of the study showed that the growing media of oil palm stem chopped tends to be the most suitable for the growth of <em>O. rhinoceros</em> larvae in case of individual weight increased of larvae (8,8 ± 0,38 g), the length size of larvae (6,15 ± 0,82 cm), and the body width of larvae (1,05 ± 1 cm), and followed by the less and less suitable of the following media growing from chopped stem: coconut, sago, and areca. Thus, oil palms supports the growth of <em>O. rhinoceros</em> more than coconut. This information is important for pest management in smallholders oil palm plantation where oil palms are usually planted along with coconut plants.</p>

Caractérisation de la reproduction des cobayes locaux (Cavia porcellus L.) élevés à Kipushi et Lubumbashi (RDC)

L’objectif de ce travail était d’étudier les caractéristiques de reproduction et de croissance des cobayes locaux. Soixante- six (66) cobayes ont été répartis en 2 lots (Lubumbashi et Kipushi) de 30 femelles subdivisées par lot de dix(10) élevés dans une cage de 1 m2 et 6 mâles avec un sex-ratio de 1 mâle contre 10 femelles et les saillies naturelles. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que le taux fertilité était élevé pour les femelles de Kipushi (86,67%) par rapport à celui enregistré à Lubumbashi (80,00%). Et le poids des femelles à la mise-bas et au sevrage n’était pas influencé par leur origine. Au niveau de la portée à la naissance ; Lubumbashi a présenté un nombre élevé (58%) que Kipushi (53%) pour des nés vivant. Par conséquent, le poids moyen individuel à la naissance (70,4g) le poids moyen individuel au sevrage (167,4g) le poids moyen par portée à la naissance 71,3g et au sevrage 168,03g étaient supérieures pour les animaux de Kipushi (p˂0,05). Alors que la portée au sevrage, le nombre de petits par sevrage était semblable entre sites (P˃ 0,05). En plus, la productivité numérique et pondérale était élevée pour les femelles de Kipushi (1,57) et faible pour celles de Lubumbashi (1,17). L’évolution du poids des cobayes variaient en fonction du site. Ces résultats sur les paramètres de reproduction dévoilent l’existence d’une grande variabilité entre ces deux populations locales, ce qui crée une occasion pour l’amélioration génétique des cobayes locaux. Characterization of the reproduction of local guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus L.) raised in Kipushi and Lubumbashi (DRC) ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to study the reproductive and growth characteristics of local guinea pigs. Sixty-six (66) guinea pigs were divided into 2 lots (Lubumbashi and Kipushi) of 30 females subdivided by lot of ten (10) reared in a 1 m2 cage and 6 males with a sex ratio of 1 male versus 10 females and natural projections. The results obtained showed that the fertility rate was high for Kipushi females (86.67%) compared to that recorded in Lubumbashi (80.00%). Moreover, the weight of the females at birth and at weaning was not influenced by their origin. At the level of the litter at birth, Lubumbashi presented a higher number (58%) than Kipushi (53%) for born babies. Therefore, the average individual weight at birth (70.4g) the average individual weight at weaning (167.4g) the average weight per litter at birth 71.3g and at weaning 168.03g were higher for the Kipushi animals (p˂0,05). While the litter at weaning, the number of pups per weaning was similar between sites (P˃ 0.05). In addition, numerical and weight productivity was high for Kipushi females (1.57) and low for Lubumbashi females (1.17). The evolution of the weight of the guinea pigs varied according to the site. These results on reproductive parameters reveal the existence of great variability between these two local populations, which creates an opportunity for the genetic improvement of local guinea pigs.