scholarly journals ID: 1065 Establishment of parthenogenetic diploid embryonic stem cells in mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (S) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Ho Thi-Kim Ngan ◽  
Nguyen Van Thuan ◽  
Hong-Thuy Bui
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Strontium Chloride ◽  
Blastocyst Quality ◽  
Parthenogenetic Embryos

Parthenogenesis is a process in which zygotes are produced without sperm presence. Due to lack of paternal genes, parthenogenetic embryos cannot develop to full-term; however, these embryos show a great potential to generate histocompatible stem cells (parthenogenetic embryonic stem – pES cells) for transplantation. In this research, parthenogenetic activation in the mouse was carried out using strontium chloride (SrCl2) combined with cytochalasin B (CB). The rate of embryo development, blastocyst quality and expression of acetylation of histone H4 lysine 12 (H4K12Ac) were investigated, while parthenogenetic blastocysts were used to establish pES cells. The results showed that rate of in vitro blastulation of parthenogenetic embryos was lower than that of fertilized ones (45.1% vs 98.0%, respectively). In addition, blastocysts developed from parthenogenetic embryos also expressed lower quality, which was demonstrated by lower total cell number. Moreover, H4K12Ac expression significantly decreased in the inner cell mass (ICM) of parthenogenetic blastocysts compared to fertilized ones, indicating a possible reason for lower blastocyst quality. Following embryo collection and activation, two ES cell lines – fertilized (fES) and pES cell lines have been successfully established and maintained long term in vitro. To sum up, differences in blastocyst quality and H4K12Ac expression in ICM cells of blastocyst may contribute to aberrant developmental and embryonic stem cell formation in parthenogenetic embryos.

Derivation of human embryonic stem cell lines after blastocyst microsurgery

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoliang Meng ◽  
Shiying Liu ◽  
Xiangyun Li ◽  
Roman Krawetz ◽  
Derrick E. Rancourt
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Hesc Lines

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst. Because of their ability to differentiate into a variety of cell types, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provide an unlimited source of cells for clinical medicine and have begun to be used in clinical trials. Presently, although several hundred hESC lines are available in the word, only few have been widely used in basic and applied research. More and more hESC lines with differing genetic backgrounds are required for establishing a bank of hESCs. Here, we report the first Canadian hESC lines to be generated from cryopreserved embryos and we discuss how we navigated through the Canadian regulatory process. The cryopreserved human zygotes used in this study were cultured to the blastocyst stage, and used to isolate ICM via microsurgery. Unlike previous microsurgery methods, which use specialized glass or steel needles, our method conveniently uses syringe needles for the isolation of ICM and subsequent hESC lines. ICM were cultured on MEF feeders in medium containing FBS or serum replacer (SR). Resulting outgrowths were isolated, cut into several cell clumps, and transferred onto fresh feeders. After more than 30 passages, the two hESC lines established using this method exhibited normal morphology, karyotype, and growth rate. Moreover, they stained positively for a variety of pluripotency markers and could be differentiated both in vitro and in vivo. Both cell lines could be maintained under a variety of culture conditions, including xeno-free conditions we have previously described. We suggest that this microsurgical approach may be conducive to deriving xeno-free hESC lines when outgrown on xeno-free human foreskin fibroblast feeders.

216 EMBRYONIC AND INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS ANALOGOUS TO INNER CELL MASS-DERIVED LIF-DEPENDENT MOUSE EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS ESTABLISHED FROM THE DOMESTIC PIG, SUS SCROFA

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
B. P. Telugu ◽  
T. Ezashi ◽  
A. Alexenko ◽  
S. Lee ◽  
R. S. Prather ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Authentic embryonic stem cells (ESC) may never have been successfully derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of pig and other ungulates, despite over 25 years of effort. Recently, porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSC) were generated by reprogramming somatic cells with a combination of four factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC (OSKM) delivered by lentiviral transduction. The established piPSC are analogous to FGF2-dependent human (h) ESC and murine “epiblast stem cells,” and are likely to advance swine as a model in biomedical research. Here, we report for the first time, the establishment of LIF-dependent, so called naïve type pluripotent stem cells (1) from the inner cell mass (ICM) of porcine blastocysts by up-regulating the expression of KLF4 and POU5F1; and (2) from umbilical cord mesenchyme (Wharton's jelly) by transduction with OSKM factors and subsequent culture in the presence of LIF-based medium with inhibitors that substitute for low endogenous expression of c-MYC and KLF4 and promote pluripotency. The 2 compounds that have been used in this study are, CHIR99021 (CH), which substitutes c-MYC by inhibiting GSK3B and activating WNT signalling and Kenpaullone (KP), which inhibits both GSK3B and CDK1 and supplants KLF4 function. The lentiviral vectors employed for introducing the re-programming genes were modified for doxycycline-mediated induction of expression (tet-on) and are ‘floxed’ for Cre-mediated recombination and removal of transgenes following complete reprogramming. Two LIF-dependent cell lines have been derived from the ICM cells of late d 5.5 in vitro produced blastocysts and four from umbilical cord mesenchyme recovered from fetuses at d 35 of pregnancy. The derived stem cell lines are alkaline phosphatase-positive, resemble mouse embryonic stem cells in colony morphology, cell cycle interval, transcriptome profile and expression of pluripotent markers, such as POU5F1, SOX2 and surface marker SSEA1. They are dependent on LIF signalling for maintenance of pluripotency, can be cultured over extended passage (>50) with no senescence. Of importance, the ICM-derived lines have been successful in their ability to form teratomas. The cells could be cultured in feeder free conditions on a synthetic matrix in the presence of chemically defined medium and can be coaxed to differentiate under xeno-free conditions. Currently, the piPSC lines are being investigated for their ability to give rise to teratomas and to produce a live offspring by nuclear transfer. Supported by Addgene Innovation Award, MO Life Sciences Board Grant 00022147 and NIH grant HD21896.

396 Oct-4 EXPRESSION IN CAT INNER CELL MASS-DERIVED CELLS CULTURED IN MEDIUM WITH DIFFERENT PROTEIN SOURCES

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
T. S. Rascado ◽  
J. F. Lima-Neto ◽  
S. E. R. S. Lorena ◽  
B. W. Minto ◽  
F. C. Landim-Alvarenga
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Santa Cruz

The domestic cat can be used as a biological model for humans because of similarities in some disease and genetically transmitted conditions. Embryonic stem cells might complete nuclear reprogramming more efficiently than somatic cells and, therefore, are potentially useful for increasing interspecific cloning success. The objective of this study was to establish an effective culture system for inner cell mass (ICM)-derived cells in the domestic cat, testing the ability of the ICM to attach to the culture dish and to form embryonic stem cell colonies in the presence of fetal calf serum (FCS) and Knockout serum (KS). Moreover, knowing that the transcription factor Oct-4 is important for the maintenance of pluripotency in human and murine embryonic stem cells, the expression of this factor was evaluated in in vitro-produced blastocyst and in the attached ICM. Domestic cat oocytes were matured, fertilized, and cultured in vitro until the blastocyst stage. The ICM was mechanically isolated (n = 60) using a scalpel blade and transferred to a monolayer of chemically inactivated cat fibroblasts with 10 μg mL-1 mitomicin C. The base culture media (BM) was DMEM/F12 supplemented with nonessential amino acids, glutamine, leukemia inhibitory factor, fibroblast growth factor-2, 2-mercaptoethanol, and antibiotics. Three groups were tested: G1 = BM with 20% FCS (20); G2 = BM with 20% KS (20); G3 = BM with 15% FSC and 5% KS (20). Culture was performed in a 5% CO2 in air incubator at 38.5°C. No statistical difference was observed among groups in relation to ICM attachment (chi-square, P > 0.05). Ninety percent of the ICM presented good adhesion after 3 days of culture and started to grow in all media tested. However, until now, no good colonies were formed. Fifteen blastocysts and 10 attached ICM were fixed in 3% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized in 0.2% triton X-100 in PBS. Subsequently, to block nonspecific binding of the primary antibody, the preadsorption for 2 h at room temperature with OCT4 blocking peptide (sc-8628P, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) was used. Samples were incubated with Oct4 antibody (N-19 : sc 8628, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and with the appropriate secondary antibody (A21431, Invitrogen) and examined by fluorescence microscopy. Oct4 protein was detected both in the ICM and trophoderm cells, and it was distributed in cytoplasm and nuclei. These embryos were also stained with Hoechst 33342. Although further standardization of the culture media is needed, it seems that the KS can be replaced by FCS in cat embryonic stem cell culture. Furthermore, the immunostain of the trophoderm with Oct-4 indicates a difference in the expression of this factor when compared with its expression on human and murine blastocysts. This could be related to in vitro production, or Oct 4 is not a good pluripotency marker for cat embryos and cat embryonic stem cell, consequently. This fact has been noted in goat, bovine, and porcine embryos. Acknowledgment is given to FAPESP.

scholarly journals Physical confinement signals regulate the organization of stem cells in three dimensions

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (123) ◽  
pp. 20160613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian V. Hadjiantoniou ◽  
David Sean ◽  
Maxime Ignacio ◽  
Michel Godin ◽  
Gary W. Slater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Cell Cell

During embryogenesis, the spherical inner cell mass (ICM) proliferates in the confined environment of a blastocyst. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the ICM, and mimicking embryogenesis in vitro , mouse ESCs (mESCs) are often cultured in hanging droplets. This promotes the formation of a spheroid as the cells sediment and aggregate owing to increased physical confinement and cell–cell interactions. In contrast, mESCs form two-dimensional monolayers on flat substrates and it remains unclear if the difference in organization is owing to a lack of physical confinement or increased cell–substrate versus cell–cell interactions. Employing microfabricated substrates, we demonstrate that a single geometric degree of physical confinement on a surface can also initiate spherogenesis. Experiment and computation reveal that a balance between cell–cell and cell–substrate interactions finely controls the morphology and organization of mESC aggregates. Physical confinement is thus an important regulatory cue in the three-dimensional organization and morphogenesis of developing cells.

scholarly journals MCRS1 is essential for epiblast development during early mouse embryogenesis

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Cui ◽  
Agnes Cheong ◽  
Yongsheng Wang ◽  
Yuran Tsuchida ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Histone H4 ◽  
Histone H4 Acetylation ◽  
Early Mouse

Microspherule protein 1 (MCRS1, also known as MSP58) is an evolutionarily conserved protein that has been implicated in various biological processes. Although a variety of functions have been attributed to MCRS1 in vitro, mammalian MCRS1 has not been studied in vivo. Here we report that MCRS1 is essential during early murine development. Mcrs1 mutant embryos exhibit normal morphology at the blastocyst stage but cannot be recovered at gastrulation, suggesting an implantation failure. Outgrowth (OG) assays reveal that mutant blastocysts do not form a typical inner cell mass (ICM) colony, the source of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Surprisingly, cell death and histone H4 acetylation analysis reveal that apoptosis and global H4 acetylation are normal in mutant blastocysts. However, analysis of lineage specification reveals that while the trophoblast and primitive endoderm are properly specified, the epiblast lineage is compromised and exhibits a severe reduction in cell number. In summary, our study demonstrates the indispensable role of MCRS1 in epiblast development during early mammalian embryogenesis.

205 DERIVATION OF CAT EMBRYONIC STEM-LIKE CELLS FROM IN VITRO-PRODUCED BLASTOCYSTS AND THEIR SUPPORT BY INTRASPECIFIC VS. INTERSPECIFIC FEEDER CELLS

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Serrano ◽  
M. C. Gómez ◽  
M. Lopez ◽  
C. L. Dumas ◽  
K. E. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Nuclear Reprogramming ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Feeder Layers

Interspecific nuclear transfer has been successfully demonstrated in nondomestic cats (Gomez et al. 2004 Cloning Stem Cells 6, 247); however, the efficiency remains low and may be attributable to nuclear reprogramming errors. Embryonic stem cells (ESC) may complete nuclear reprogramming more efficiently than somatic cells and, therefore, are potentially useful for increasing cloning success (Jaenisch et al. 2002 Cloning Stem Cells 4, 389). The objectives of this study were to: (1) compare efficiency of immunosurgery vs. mechanical separation for isolating the inner cell mass (ICM) of in vitro-derived cat blastocysts; and (2) determine the influence of mouse (MEF: CF-1) and cat (CEF) embryonic fibroblast feeder layers on ICM attachment and growth of ES-like cells. After ICMs were isolated from in vitro-derived blastocysts (n = 142) by immunosurgery or mechanically, they were plated either on mitotically inactivated CEF (40 �L/mL Mitomycin-C; 5 h) or MEF (30 �L/mL Mitomycin-C; 2.5 h). Cells were cultured in DMEM-F12, 1 mM L-Glutamine, 0.1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 1.25% nonessential amino acids, 15% knock-out replacement serum, 5% fetal bovine serum, 40 ng/mL leukemia inhibitory factor, 5 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor, 100 IU penicillin, 100 �g/mL streptomycin, and 25 �L/mL amphotericin-B in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air at 38�C. Our results indicated that ICM isolation and attachment were not affected by either the method of isolation (immunosurgery: 75.8 � 6.9% vs. mechanical: 89.5 � 6.4%) or the feeders (MEF: 74.6 � 6.7% vs. CEF: 90.7 � 6.6%). However, the incidence of ES-like cell colony formation was significantly affected by the feeder layer (CEF: 55.4 � 7.2% vs. MEF: 12.7 � 7.2%; P < 0.001). A total of 32 ES-like cell lines were derived on CEF (n = 26) and MEF (n = 6), of which 50% were alkaline phosphatase (AP)-positive. One ES-like cell line derived on MEF spontaneously differentiated into myocardiocytes after 14 days in culture. Three ES-like cell lines derived on CEF were immunostained for ESC-markers Oct-4, SSEA-1, and SSEA-4, and for AP. Positive results for all markers were observed in a few colonies of each line, with colonies from one cell line appearing on Day 23 and remaining in culture for 102 days (12 passages). Colonies from the other two cell lines appeared on Day 17 and remained in culture for 78 days (9 passages). Colonies derived on MEF appeared on average at 17.9 days and remained in culture an additional 15 to 61 days without further characterization. The present results describe the first isolation of cat ES-like cells. We have demonstrated an important species-specific relationship between feeder layers and the derivation of cat ESCs. Further studies are in progress to improve culture conditions for the derivation and expansion of stable cat ESC lines.

scholarly journals mTOR Is Essential for Growth and Proliferation in Early Mouse Embryos and Embryonic Stem Cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (15) ◽  
pp. 6710-6718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirei Murakami ◽  
Tomoko Ichisaka ◽  
Mitsuyo Maeda ◽  
Noriko Oshiro ◽  
Kenta Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Early Mouse

ABSTRACT TOR is a serine-threonine kinase that was originally identified as a target of rapamycin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and then found to be highly conserved among eukaryotes. In Drosophila melanogaster, inactivation of TOR or its substrate, S6 kinase, results in reduced cell size and embryonic lethality, indicating a critical role for the TOR pathway in cell growth control. However, the in vivo functions of mammalian TOR (mTOR) remain unclear. In this study, we disrupted the kinase domain of mouse mTOR by homologous recombination. While heterozygous mutant mice were normal and fertile, homozygous mutant embryos died shortly after implantation due to impaired cell proliferation in both embryonic and extraembryonic compartments. Homozygous blastocysts looked normal, but their inner cell mass and trophoblast failed to proliferate in vitro. Deletion of the C-terminal six amino acids of mTOR, which are essential for kinase activity, resulted in reduced cell size and proliferation arrest in embryonic stem cells. These data show that mTOR controls both cell size and proliferation in early mouse embryos and embryonic stem cells.

scholarly journals Derivation of Porcine Extra-Embryonic Endoderm Cell Lines Reveals Distinct Signaling Pathway and Multipotency States

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12918
Author(s):  
Man-Ling Zhang ◽  
Yong Jin ◽  
Li-Hua Zhao ◽  
Jia Zhang ◽  
Meng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Porcine Embryo ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
Distinct Signaling Pathway

The inner cell mass of the pre-implantation blastocyst consists of the epiblast and hypoblast from which embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and extra-embryonic endoderm (XEN) stem cells, respectively, can be derived. Importantly, each stem cell type retains the defining properties and lineage restriction of its in vivo tissue origin. We have developed a novel approach for deriving porcine XEN (pXEN) cells via culturing the blastocysts with a chemical cocktail culture system. The pXEN cells were positive for XEN markers, including Gata4, Gata6, Sox17, and Sall4, but not for pluripotent markers Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. The pXEN cells also retained the ability to undergo visceral endoderm (VE) and parietal endoderm (PE) differentiation in vitro. The maintenance of pXEN required FGF/MEK+TGFβ signaling pathways. The pXEN cells showed a stable phenotype through more than 50 passages in culture and could be established repeatedly from blastocysts or converted from the naïve-like ESCs established in our lab. These cells provide a new tool for exploring the pathways of porcine embryo development and differentiation and providing further reference to the establishment of porcine ESCs with potency of germline chimerism and gamete development.

215 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PORCINE PLURIPOTENT CELL LINES DERIVED FROM SOMATIC CELLS AND VARIOUS EMBRYONIC ORIGINS

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
J. K. Park ◽  
H. S. Kim ◽  
K. J. Uh ◽  
K. H. Choi ◽  
H. M. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Pluripotent Cells ◽  
Differentiation Potential

Since pluripotent cells were first derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of mouse blastocysts, tremendous efforts have been made to establish embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines in several domestic species including the pig; however, authentic porcine ESCs have not yet been established. It has proven difficult to derive pluripotent cells of naïve state that represents full pluripotency, due to the frequent occurrence of spontaneous differentiation into an EpiSC-like state during culture in pigs. We have been able to derive EpiSC-like porcine embryonic stem cell (pESC) lines of a differentiated non-ES cell state from blastocyst stage porcine embryos of various origins, including in vitro fertilized (IVF), in vivo derived, IVF aggregated and parthenogenetic embryos. In addition, we have generated induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) via plasmid transfection of reprogramming factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc) into porcine fibroblast cells. In this study, we analysed characteristics such as marker expression, pluripotency and the X chromosome inactivation (XCI) status of our EpiSC-like pESC lines along with our piPSC line. Our results show that these cell lines demonstrate the expression of genes associated with the Activin/Nodal and FGF2 pathways along with the expression of pluripotent markers Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, SSEA4, TRA 1-60 and TRA 1-81. Furthermore all of these cell lines showed in vitro differentiation potential; female XCI activity and a normal karyotype. Here we provide preliminary results that suggest that, as a nonpermissive species, the porcine species undergoes reprogramming into a primed state during the establishment of pluripotent stem cell lines. This work was supported by the BioGreen 21 Program (#20070401034031, PJ0081382011), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

275 DERIVATION OF PLURIPOTENT CELL LINES FROM PIG EMBRYOS: IN VITRO-FERTILIZED V. PARTHENOGENTIC ACTIVATION

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
F. Gandolfi ◽  
G. Pennarossa ◽  
L. Attanasio ◽  
S. Antonini ◽  
B. Gasparrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Telomerase Activity ◽  
Animal Biotechnology ◽  
Pluripotency Markers ◽  
Biology Research ◽  
Parthenogenetic Embryos

The establishment of porcine pluripotent ES cell lines would be an exciting and novel tool for animal biotechnology, such as cloning and transgenesis. Furthermore, it would represent a useful model for biomedical research, cell therapy, xenotransplantation as well as developmental biology research. However, in spite of several studies, no conclusive results have been obtained and a number of technical questions are still to be answered in order to derive genuine ES cells in the pig. Here we report the results obtained in our laboratory aimed at comparing IVF v. parthenogenetic embryos as a source for the establishment of putative ES cells. Oocytes were divided in two groups and subjected to IVF or parthenogenetically activated with ionomicyn and 6-DMAP. They were cultured in NCSU for 7 days and then subjected to immuno-surgery. Inner cell mass were plated onto inactivated STO feeder cells and outgrowth formation was monitored. Cells were passaged to a new STO monolayer every 7 days. Assessment of pluripotency markers was carried out both by RT-PCR and immunocytochemical analysis at every passage for up to 22 passages. Telomerase activity was measured every 5 passages. The results indicate that parthenogenetic embryos, although less resilient than IVF embryos to immuno-surgery, have a significantly greater ability to generate outgrowths and stable cell lines. Moreover, 77% of the 39 parthenogenetic lines derived v. only 33% of the IVF ones expressed pluripotency markers and displayed high telomerase activity. Altogether our findings are consistent with data obtained in the human where the efficiency to derive hES cell lines from parthenogenetic blastocysts appears greater as compared with regular blastocysts from IVF embryos (Cheng L 2008 Cell Research 18, 215–217). Table 1. Supported by: Prin 2005, 2006.

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