ADHD and Learning Disabilities in Former Late Preterm Infants: A Population-Based Birth Cohort

ObjectiveAfter a decade of increase, the preterm birth (PTB) rate has declined in the USA since 2006, with the largest decline at late preterm (34–36 weeks). We described concomitant changes in gestational age-specific rates of neonatal mortality and morbidity following spontaneous and clinician-initiated PTB among singleton infants.Design, setting and participantsThis retrospective population-based study included 754 763 singleton births in Washington State, USA, 2004–2013, using data from birth certificates and hospitalisation records. PTB subtypes included preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), spontaneous onset of labour and clinician-initiated delivery.Outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were neonatal mortality and a composite outcome including death or severe neonatal morbidity. Temporal trends in the outcomes and individual morbidities were assessed by PTB subtype. Logistic regression yielded adjusted odds ratios (AOR) per 1 year change in outcome and 95% CI.ResultsThe rate of PTB following PPROM and spontaneous labour declined, while clinician-initiated PTB increased (all p<0.01). Overall neonatal mortality remained unchanged (1.3%; AOR 0.99, CI 0.95 to 1.02), though gestational age-specific mortality following clinician-initiated PTB declined at 32–33 weeks (AOR 0.85, CI 0.74 to 0.97) and increased at 34–36 weeks (AOR 1.10, CI 1.01 to 1.20). The overall rate of the composite outcome increased (from 7.9% to 11.9%; AOR 1.06, CI 1.05 to 1.08). Among late preterm infants, combined mortality or severe morbidity increased following PPROM (AOR 1.13, CI 1.08 to 1.18), spontaneous labour (AOR 1.09, CI 1.06 to 1.13) and clinician-initiated delivery (AOR 1.10, CI 1.07 to 1.13). Neonatal sepsis rates increased among all preterm infants (AOR 1.09, CI 1.08 to 1.11).ConclusionsTiming of obstetric interventions is associated with infant health outcomes at preterm. The temporal decline in late PTB among singleton infants was associated with increased mortality among late preterm infants born following clinician-initiated delivery and increased combined mortality or severe morbidity among all late preterm infants, mainly due to increased rate of sepsis.

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Admissions and Emergency Visits by Late Preterm Singletons and Twins in the First 5 Years: A Population-Based Cohort Study

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0039-3402718 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tetsuya Isayama ◽

Daria O'Reilly ◽

Joseph Beyene ◽

Shoo K. Lee ◽

Prakesh S. Shah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Population Based ◽

Late Preterm ◽

Administrative Database ◽

Term Infants ◽

Emergency Visits ◽

Late Preterm Infants ◽

Adjusted Incidence Rate ◽

The Difference

Abstract Objective To compare admission and emergency visits of late preterm (340/7–366/7 weeks) versus term infants (370/7–416/7 weeks) in the first 5 years. Study Design This population-based cohort study included all singletons and twins born alive at 340/7 to 416/7 weeks' gestation registered in a health administrative database in Ontario, Canada, between April 1, 2002 and December 31, 2012. Admissions and emergency visits from initial postnatal discharge to 5 years were compared between late preterm and term infants adjusting for maternal and infant characteristics. Results A total of 1,316,931 infants (75,364 late preterm infants) were included. Late preterm infants had more frequent admissions than term infants in the first 5 years in both singletons (adjusted incidence rate ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.46 [1.42–1.49]) and twins (1.21 [1.11–1.31]). The difference in admissions between late preterm and term infants were smaller in twins than singletons and decreased with children's ages. Twins had less frequent admissions than singletons for late preterm infants, but not for term infants. The emergency visits were more frequent in late preterm than term infants in all the periods. Conclusion Admissions and emergency visits were more frequent in late preterm than term infants through the first 5 years. Admissions were less frequent in late preterm twins than singletons.

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Respiratory distress syndrome in moderately late and late preterm infants and risk of cerebral palsy: a population-based cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011643 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. e011643 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Sandra Kruchov Thygesen ◽

Morten Olsen ◽

John R Østergaard ◽

Henrik Toft Sørensen

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Population Based ◽

Late Preterm ◽

Late Preterm Infants

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Recurrent Wheezing During the First 3 Years of Life in a Birth Cohort of Moderate-to-Late Preterm Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.2020-023861r ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 146 (Supplement 4) ◽

pp. S331-S331

Author(s):

Whitney Blackwell ◽

Christopher Parrish

Keyword(s):

Birth Cohort ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Late Preterm ◽

Recurrent Wheezing ◽

Late Preterm Infants

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Incidence of short stature at 3 years of age in late preterm infants: a population-based study

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2014-307045 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 100 (3) ◽

pp. 250-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Miwako Nagasaka ◽

Ichiro Morioka ◽

Tomoyuki Yokota ◽

Kaori Fujita ◽

Daisuke Kurokawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Short Stature ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Population Based ◽

Late Preterm ◽

Term Infants ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Late Preterm Infants ◽

Japanese Cohort ◽

Preterm Group

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the incidence of short stature at 3 years of age in a Japanese cohort of late preterm infants who were born at 34–36 weeks’ gestational age (GA). We compared these late preterm infants with term infants (37–41 weeks’ GA), and evaluated the effect of birth weight on the incidence of short stature.MethodsA longitudinal population-based study of 26 970 neonates who were born between 34 weeks’ and 41 weeks’ GA in 2006–2008 was conducted in Kobe, Japan. Of these neonates, 1414 were late preterm and 25 556 were term infants. The late preterm infants were then divided into three subgroups based on birth weight as determined by Japanese neonatal anthropometric charts for GA at birth: large-for-GA (n=140), appropriate-for-GA (AGA, n=1083), and small-for-GA (SGA, n=191). The incidence of short stature at 3 years of age was calculated in the late preterm group and compared with that in the term group, and between the AGA and SGA groups with late preterm birth.ResultsThe incidence of short stature in the late preterm group was 2.9%, which was significantly higher than that in the term group (1.4%). Late preterm SGA infants developed short stature with a significantly higher (9.4%) incidence than that of late preterm AGA infants (2.1%).ConclusionsThe incidence of short stature in 3-year-old children who were late preterm infants has a 2-fold higher risk than that in term infants. The risk of developing short stature is increased 4.5-fold if they are SGA.

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