A Study of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Unconscious Patients

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-202
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Prophylactic Therapy ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Unconscious Patients

A group of 72 comatose patients with no evidence of infection were studied in order to establish the influence of prophylactic antibiotics on their subsequent course. Of this group, 32 were treated with penicillin and streptomycin or tetracycline, and 10 received sulfisoxazole or nitrofurantoin; the remaining 30 patients served as controls and received no prophylactic therapy. It was found that there was no difference in mortality between the treated and the untreated groups. However, pulmonary complications developed in 45% of the prophylactically treated group whereas only 15% of the untreated patients developed such complications. In the treated group, bacteremia due to a gram-negative rod occurred in two patients who died. In addition, the usual nasopharyngeal flora of the treated patients was replaced by gram-negative rods. The authors conclude that "prophylactic antibiotic therapy is of no benefit, and is distinctly hazardous in unconscious patients."

Animal Bites to the Head and Neck

1998 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stilianos E. Kountakis ◽  
Socorro A. Chamblee ◽  
Alberto A.J. Maillard ◽  
Charles M. Stiernberg
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Teaching Hospital ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Animal Bites

There is controversy regarding the timing of repair and the use of prophylactic antibiotics in patients with animal bites to the head and neck. In this paper we review our experience with such wounds, and address surgical management and the use of prophylactic antibiotic therapy. A retrospective review of the medical records of 29 patients with animal bites to the head and neck was conducted. All patients were seen and treated at a large teaching hospital in Houston, Texas over an 18-month period. Seventy-six percent of our patients were 12 years old or younger. Most came to the emergency room soon after sustaining their injuries, and their wounds were repaired primarily with favorable results. There were no cases of wound infection. Ninety percent were treated with prophylactic antibiotics. The wounds of the 10% of patients who did receive antibiotics were similar to those of the other patients and healed well without infection. Wounds resulting from animal bites to the head and neck can be repaired primarily when treated shortly after injury. Further prospective, randomized studies are recommended to evaluate the effectiveness and necessity of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in this patient population.

scholarly journals Compliance and Related Outcomes of Prophylactic Antibiotics in Traumatic Open Fractures

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Hannah C. Johnson ◽  
Abby M. Bailey ◽  
Regan A. Baum ◽  
Stephanie B. Justice ◽  
Kyle A. Weant
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Open Fractures ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Prophylactic Therapy ◽  
Guideline Compliance

Purpose: Prophylactic antibiotic therapy is a standard of care for patients who present with open fractures due to the risk of infectious complications. This study was conducted to characterize the use of initial prophylactic antibiotic use in open fractures, guideline compliance, and its impact on care. Methods: Retrospective chart review of adult patients presenting with an open fracture to a Level 1 Trauma Center Emergency Department over a 12-month period was conducted. Results: Of the 202 patients meeting inclusion criteria, overall compliance with guideline recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis was found to be 33.2%. The duration of prophylactic therapy was significantly longer in the noncompliant group and among those who received a secondary antibiotic ( P < .05 for both comparisons). The duration of therapy was found to be significantly longer in those patients who developed an infection ( P < .001). Those who developed an infection had a longer hospital length of stay (LOS) ( P < .001) and intensive care unit LOS ( P = .002). In addition, those who developed an infection had significantly more surgeries ( P < .001) and received more red blood cell transfusions ( P < .001). Correlation analysis confirmed a significant association between infection and duration of antibiotic prophylaxis ( P = .02), number of surgeries ( P < .0001), and number of transfusions ( P < .0001). Conclusion: Guideline compliance was exceedingly low due to the extended duration of initial antibiotic therapy and did not appear to yield any clinical benefits. Infection was significantly associated with longer duration of initial prophylactic therapy and morbidity. Opportunities exist to elevate compliance with guidelines and to reevaluate prophylactic antimicrobial therapy in this setting.

Comparison of management options for specific antibody deficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarti Pandya ◽  
Emily Burgen ◽  
G. John Chen ◽  
Jessica Hobson ◽  
Mary Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Antibody Deficiency ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
Polysaccharide Antigen ◽  
Specific Antibody Deficiency ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy

Background: Specific antibody deficiency is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by normal immunoglobulins with an inadequate response to polysaccharide antigen vaccination. This disease can result in recurrent infections, the most common being sinopulmonary infections. Treatment options include clinical observation, prophylactic antibiotic therapy, and immunoglobulin supplementation therapy, each with limited clinical data about their efficacy. Objective: This study aimed to identify whether there was a statistically significant difference in the rate of infections for patients who were managed with clinical observation, prophylactic antibiotics, or immunoglobulin supplementation therapy. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted. Patients were eligible for the study if they had normal immunoglobulin levels, an inadequate antibody response to polysaccharide antigen‐based vaccination, and no other known causes of immunodeficiency. Results: A total of 26 patients with specific antibody deficiency were identified. Eleven patients were managed with immunoglobulin supplementation, ten with clinical observation, and five with prophylactic antibiotic therapy. The frequency of antibiotic prescriptions was assessed for the first year after intervention. A statistically significant rate of decreased antibiotic prescriptions after intervention was found for patients treated with immunoglobulin supplementation (n = 11; p = 0.0004) and for patients on prophylactic antibiotics (n = 5; p = 0.01). There was no statistical difference in antibiotic prescriptions for those patients treated with immunoglobulin supplementation versus prophylactic antibiotics (p = 0.21). Conclusion: Prophylactic antibiotics seemed to be equally effective as immunoglobin supplementation therapy for the treatment of specific antibody deficiency. Further studies are needed in this area.

scholarly journals Prevention of the Inflammatory Complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
O. Tymofieiev ◽  
◽  
Ie. Fesenko ◽  
N. Ushko ◽  
M. Yarifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Oral Microflora ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy

Conducting of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in patient after surgical interventions in oral and maxillofacial surgery reduces the incidence of postoperative infectious complications. The general questions of prophylaxis, oral microflora are considered. Recommendations on the antibiotic prophylaxis in oral and maxillofacial surgery are given.

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