ADMINISTRATION OF GLUCURONIC ACID TO ICTERIC NEWBORN INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Gloria Jeliu ◽  
Rudi Schmid ◽  
Sydney Gellis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
High Concentrations

Fourteen icteric newborn infants were treated with varying amounts of glucuronic acid or sodium glucuronate, administered by oral or intravenous routes. No significant change in concentration of bilirubin in the serum was observed. Experimental evidence and biochemical considerations do not suggest that the administration of glucuronic acid enhances the formation of bilirubin glucuronide. It is the authors' opinion that at present the use of glucuronic acid should not be considered as an alternative for exchange transfusion in the treatment of newborn infants with high concentrations of bilirubin in the serum.

The isolation of nucleic acids from woody tissue using dimethyl sulfoxide

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1085-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Gusta ◽  
V. C. Runeckles
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Ribonuclease Activity ◽  
Woody Tissue ◽  
Bark Tissue ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Degree

A procedure is described for the isolation of nucleic acids from apple bark tissue using dimethyl sulfoxide. Nucleic acids isolated by this method are high in yield, and exhibit a high degree of purity as evidenced by their spectra. Experimental evidence is given to show that extraction of the tissue with dimethyl sulfoxide before the extraction of nucleic acids removes protein and pigments. Little or no ribonuclease activity could be detected in apple bark tissue after extraction with dimethyl sulfoxide. Ribonuclease activity was shown to be strongly inhibited by high concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide.

Exchange Transfusion Using Peripheral Vessels Is Safe and Effective in Newborn Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. e905-e910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Neng Chen ◽  
Meng-Luen Lee ◽  
Lon-Yen Tsao
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Newborn Infants

ELECTRIC BUNTING TO MAINTAIN BODY TEMPERATURE DURING EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION IN THE NEWBORN INFANT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-209
Author(s):  
P. VOGEL ◽  
R. E. ROSENFIELD ◽  
M. STEINBERG
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Ideal Situation ◽  
The Many ◽  
Water Proof

THE maintenance of proper body temperature has been a serious problem in the performance of exchange transfusions on newborn infants suffering from hemolytic disease. Many of these infants are in such poor condition that extreme care in their handling is required, including incubation, oxygen and tracheal aspiration. The many procedures necessary create the hazard of prolonged exposure to room temperature, and a number of deaths may have resulted directly or indirectly from hypothermia. In the Children's Hospital in Boston, the entire exchange transfusion is carried out with the infant lying in a Hess bed; this is an ideal situation which undoubtedly is not readily available in most institutions where an exchange transfusion must be performed. The maintenance of body temperature with electric heating pads and/or hot water bottles has proved cumbersome and unsatisfactory, and has resulted in a number of burns, particularly about the buttocks. A washable electric blanket bunting has been designed (see Figs. and 2) to maintain the temperature of newborn infants throughout the procedure of an exchange transfusion, as well as for a period following the procedure, if a heated crib is not available. This bunting was constructed by the General Electric Company using water-proof washable material and employing the principles of the commercial electric blanket. The bunting can be regulated to any desired temperature although the maximum temperature obtainable is 42°C., which avoids the possibility of skin burns. The design of the bunting is simple: it is a bag with a zipper along one side to allow for easy insertion and removal of the baby, and a "U" shaped zippered flap which can be opened to provide a window at the approximate position of the umbilical cord.

A HAZARD OF EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION IN NEWBORN INFANTS—NEGATIVE PRESSURE IN THE UMBILICAL VEIN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-664
Author(s):  
A. A. Mintz ◽  
C. Vallbona
Keyword(s):  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Inspiratory Stridor ◽  
Endotracheal Aspiration ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Physiologic Data ◽  
Second Twin

The development of the replacement transfusion for the prevention of brain damage associated with elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood has prompted numerous papers related to this procedure. The present report deals with a frequently observed phenomenon occurring during exchange transfusion, which seldom attracts attention until a disastrous episode takes place. This was our experience, and it therefore seemed desirable to re-evaluate the pathophysiology associated with pressure changes in the umbilical vein of the neonate. This report will present a case of marked negative pressure in the umbilical vein of a neonate exhibiting inspiratory stridor of partial airway obstruction, and also the physiologic data from some animal experi ments to demonstrate this phenomenon. CASE REPORT Infant B was the second-born, male twin of a 24-year-old, Rh-negative, gravida 4, para 3 mother. At term the maternal Rh antibody titer was 1:32. The membranes ruptured spontaneously 48 hours prior to delivery. Labor was induced with oxytocin (Pitocin) administered intravenously. Twin Infant A was delivered spontaneously, unassisted; it was then found that twin B presented as a "transverse lie." This second twin was delivered in 15 minutes by version and extraction. Respiration was initiated after endotracheal aspiration and was normal for 1 hour, after which an inspiratory stridor was noted associated with moderate cyanosis. The stridor and cyanosis improved with oxygen-mist therapy. The baby weighed 2,930 gm and the blood was Rh-positive and Coombs' positive, as was the blood of his twin. Bilirubin in the serum at birth was 3 mg/100 ml; hemoglobin, 14.5 gm/100 ml.

PHENOBARBITAL IN THE PERINATAL PERIOD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-327
Author(s):  
John T. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

Reports have appeared recently which propose the administration of phenobarbital during the perinatal period in order to reduce neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. One investigator also has suggested that phenobarbital was responsible for a decline in the death rate among small newborn infants. Since phenobarbital is known to alter the cellular metabolism of many compounds in addition to bilirubin, a brief review of present knowledge and comments on the possibility of unintentional effects of this drug in the perinatal period are warranted. It must be understood that much of the information on the effects of phenobarbital in animals may eventually have little or no clinical relevance; but, knowledge of the experimental evidence concerning the multisystem action of phenobarbital should help to identify areas of study and surveillance in the human subject.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of dermatan sulphate proteoglycans. The effect of β-d-xyloside addition on the polymer-modification process in fibroblast cultures

1991 ◽  
Vol 276 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Cöster ◽  
J Hernnäs ◽  
A Malmström
Keyword(s):  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Polymer Modification ◽  
Dermatan Sulphate ◽  
Cultured Fibroblasts ◽  
Sulphate Proteoglycan ◽  
Modification Process ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
High Concentrations

Incubation of cultured fibroblasts with p-nitrophenyl beta-D-xyloside resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in galactosaminoglycan synthesis. At low concentration of added xyloside large and small radiolabelled proteoglycans and xyloside-bound polysaccharides were recovered from the medium, whereas at high concentrations only xyloside-bound polysaccharides were found. In the cell layer proteoglycans and xyloside-bound polysaccharides were found at all concentrations tested. Only galactosaminoglycan chains were polymerized on the xyloside primer. At low concentrations of added xyloside the structure of the galactosaminoglycans formed on the xyloside was similar to that of the small dermatan sulphate proteoglycan, i.e. mainly composed of L-iduronic acid-containing 4-sulphated disaccharides. With increasing concentration of added xyloside the co-polymeric structure of the small dermatan sulphate proteoglycan and the xyloside-bound polysaccharide was changed to contain a larger proportion of D-glucuronosyl residues with only slight changes in the sulphation pattern. No structural change in the polysaccharide chains of the large glucuronic acid-rich proteoglycans occurred. At 1 mM-xyloside, where no proteoglycans were formed, the polysaccharide was shorter and composed mainly of D-glucuronosyl-containing disaccharides with a ratio of 4-sulphate to 6-sulphate substituents of 1:2. This is similar to the structure of the large glucuronic acid-rich proteoglycan synthesized by these cells. Thus the main difference induced by the xyloside treatment was changed polymer modification at high xyloside concentrations. The specific activities of the polymer-modifying enzymes, uronosyl C-5-epimerase and 4-sulphotransferase, were therefore measured and found to be decreased by 30-50% in fibroblasts treated with high xyloside concentrations. It is suggested that the protein core is of importance for regulating the activity of the polymer-modifying enzymes.

Predicting the Need for Exchange Transfusion in Newborn Infants

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 533-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex F. Robertson ◽  
Warren B. Karp ◽  
Harry C. Davis ◽  
W. Zack Catterton ◽  
Chantrapa Bunyapen
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Newborn Infants
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