STUDIES OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN THE NEWBORN INFANT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-389
Author(s):  
Marvin Cornblath ◽  
Angelita F. Ganzon ◽  
Demetrios Nicolopoulos ◽  
Gloria S. Baens ◽  
Richard J. Hollander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Elective Cesarean

Sugars in capillary blood were measured during the first hours of life in full-term infants delivered vaginally and by cesarean section. Pretreatment with dextrose solution for mothers delivered vaginally did not affect the course of the sugar in blood significantly Pretreatment with dextrose or saline solution for mothers delivered by cesarean section produced significant differences in the course of the infants' sugar in blood when compared to each other. Full-term infants delivered vaginally who were more than 6 hours old had a greater hyperglycemic response to glucagon, 30 µg/kg, than infants less than 3 hours of age. Full-term infants delivered by elective cesarean section without previous labor responded to 30 µg/kg of glucagon with a diminished hyperglycemia as compared to infants delivered vaginally. An exposure to labor influenced the neonates' response to glucagon, whereas neither pretreatment of the mother nor the course of sugar in blood were associated with this response. With large doses of glucagon, 300 µg/kg, the response differences associated with mode of delivery and maturity were not found to be significant.

scholarly journals Could elective cesarean sections influence the birth weight of full-term infants?

2006 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 313-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie Fernando Candido Murta ◽  
Guilherme Carvalho Freire ◽  
Daniel Capucci Fabri ◽  
Renato Humberto Fabri
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Elective Cesarean

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: There are no studies on birth weights among full-term infants born by means of elective cesarean section. We aimed to study this in private and public hospitals. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study at Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil. METHODS: Data were collected from the municipal medical birth register of Uberaba from January to December 2000. The data obtained (maternal age, type of delivery, number of prenatal care visits and birth weight, from full-term pregnancy) from the university hospital (UH), which is a tertiary hospital that only attends patients within the National Health System (SUS), were compared with data from four private hospitals (PHs) that attend health insurance plans and private patients. Student's t test, chi2 test and multiple logistic regression were used for statistical analysis, with the significance level set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: In the PHs, 1,100 out of 1,354 births (81.2%) were by cesarean section and in the UH, 373 out of 1,332 (28%). Birth weight increased significantly in association with increasing numbers of prenatal care visits, except for cesarean section cases in PHs. Birth weights among vaginal delivery cases in PHs were greater than in the UH (p < 0.05), but this was not observed among cesarean section cases. Multiple logistic regression showed that there was greater risk of low birth weight in PHs (odds ratio: 2.33; 95% confidence interval: 1.19 to 4.55). CONCLUSION: Elective cesarean section performed in PHs may be associated with low birth weight among full-term infants.

scholarly journals Women’s empowerment and elective cesarean section for a single pregnancy: a population-based and multivariate study in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam de Loenzien ◽  
Quoc Nhu Hung Mac ◽  
Alexandre Dumont
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Multiparous Women ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Primiparous Women

Abstract Background Women’s empowerment, and maternal and neonatal health are important targets of the Sustainable Development Goals. Our objective is to examine the relationship between women’s empowerment and elective cesarean section (ECS), focusing on Vietnam, a country where the use of CS has increased rapidly in recent decades, which raises public health concerns. Methods We hypothesized that in the context of the developing biomedicalization of childbirth, women’s empowerment increases the use of ECS due to a woman’s enhanced ability to decide her mode of delivery. By using microdata from the 2013–2014 Multiple Indicator Clusters Survey, we conducted a multivariate analysis of the correlates of ECS. We studied a representative sample of 1343 institutional single birth deliveries. Due to higher ECS rates among multiparous (18.4%) than primiparous women (10.1%) and the potential interaction between parity and other correlates, we used separate models for primiparous and multiparous women. Results Among the indicators of women’s external resources, which include a higher level of education, having worked during the previous 12 months, and having one’s own mobile phone, only education differed between primiparous and multiparous women, with a higher level among primiparous women. Among primiparous women, no resource indicator was significantly linked to ECS. However, considering women’s empowerment facilitated the identification of the negative impact of having had fewer than 3 antenatal care visits on the use of ECS. Among multiparous women, disapproval of intimate partner violence (IPV) was associated with a doubled likelihood of undergoing ECS (odds ratio = 2.415), and living in an urban area also doubled the likelihood of ECS. The positive association with living in the richest household quintile was no longer significant when attitude towards IPV was included in the model. In both groups, being aged 35 or older increased the likelihood of undergoing ECS, and this impact was stronger in primiparous women. Conclusions These results underline the multidimensionality of empowerment, its links to other correlates and its contribution to clarifying the influence of these correlates, particularly for distinguishing between medical and sociocultural determinants. The results advocate for the integration of women's empowerment into policies aimed at reducing ECS rates.

Comparison of Melatonin Levels in the Colostrum between Vaginal Delivery and Cesarean Delivery

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (05) ◽  
pp. 481-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziya Kalem ◽  
Tuncay Yuce ◽  
Batuhan Bakırarar ◽  
Feride Söylemez ◽  
Müberra Namlı Kalem
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emergency Cesarean ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Elective Cesarean

Objective This study aims to compare melatonin levels in colostrum between vaginal and cesarean delivery. Study Design This cross-sectional study was conducted with 139 mothers who gave live births between February 2016 and December 2016. The mothers were divided into three groups according to the mode of delivery: 60 mothers (43.2%) in the vaginal delivery group, 47 mothers (33.8%) in the elective cesarean delivery, and 32 mothers (23.0%) in the emergency cesarean delivery group. Colostrum of the mothers was taken between 01:00 and 03:00 a.m. within 48 to 72 hours following the delivery, and the melatonin levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared between the groups. Results The melatonin levels in the colostrum were the highest in the vaginal delivery group, lower in the elective cesarean section group, and the lowest in the emergency cesarean group (265.7 ± 74.3, 204.9 ± 55.6, and 167.1 ± 48.1, respectively; p < 0.001). The melatonin levels in the colostrum did not differ according to the demographic characteristics of the mothers, gestational age, birth weight, newborn sex, the Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration (APGAR) scores, and for the requirement for neonatal intensive care. Conclusion Our study results showed that melatonin levels in the colostrum of the mothers who delivered vaginally were higher than those who delivered by cesarean section. Considering the known benefits of melatonin for the newborns, we believe that vaginal delivery poses an advantage.

scholarly journals Outcomes of 42 pregnancies in 14 women with cartilage-hair hypoplasia: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Holopainen ◽  
Svetlana Vakkilainen ◽  
Outi Mäkitie
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Cesarean Section Delivery ◽  
Cartilage Hair Hypoplasia ◽  
Obstetric History ◽  
Elective Cesarean

Abstract Background Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is a rare skeletal dysplasia characterized by disproportionate short stature, immunodeficiency, anemia and risk of malignancies. All these features can affect pregnancy and predispose to maternal and fetal complications. This study aimed to evaluate obstetric history and maternal and fetal outcomes in women with CHH. Methods Among 47 Finnish women with CHH, we identified 14 with pregnancy-related diagnoses in the National Hospital Discharge Registry and obtained detailed data on gynecologic and obstetric history with a questionnaire. Offspring birth length and weight were collected and compared with population-based normal values. Results There were altogether 42 pregnancies in 14 women (median height 124 cm, range 105–139). Twenty-six pregnancies (62%), including one twin pregnancy, led to a delivery. Miscarriages, induced abortions and ectopic pregnancies complicated 9, 5, and 2 pregnancies, respectively. Severe pregnancy-related complications were rare. All women with CHH delivered by cesarean section, mostly due to evident cephalo-pelvic disproportion, and in 25/26 cases at full-term. In the majority, the birth length (median 48 cm, range 45.5–50) and weight (3010 g, range 2100–3320) of the offspring in full-term singleton pregnancies was normal. Conclusions Despite CHH mothers’ significant short stature and other potential CHH-related effects on pregnancy outcome, most pregnancies lead to a term cesarean section delivery. Since fetal growth was generally unaffected, cephalo-pelvic disproportion was evident and elective cesarean section should be planned in term pregnancies.

scholarly journals Single dose of antibiotic prophylaxis in elective cesarean sections

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorica Grujic ◽  
Ana Sabo ◽  
Ilija Grujic ◽  
Vesna Kopitovic ◽  
Maja Papovic
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
Postoperative Infections ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Preoperative Administration ◽  
Elective Cesarean

Introduction. The aim of our study was to determine whether a single-dose preoperative administration of antibiotics was sufficient to prevent intra and postoperative infections in the parturients without a high risk of developing an infection, in whom the delivery was completed by cesarean section, as well as to answer whether the administered dose of antibiotics satisfied the requirements of therapeutic concentrations necessary to protect against infection in the period during the surgical procedure and during the first 6 postoperative hours. Material and methods. All investigated pregnant women were planned to have elective cesarean section as a mode of delivery. They were distributed in groups depending on the type (cephalexin, gentamycin and cephazolin) of antibiotic prophylaxis administered as a single dose. In all patients the clinical postoperative course was followed for possible infection. The concentrations of antibiotics were estimated immediately and 6h following the operation. The estimation of antibiotic concentrations was done by the method of liquid chromatography (for antibiotics belonging to the group of cephalosporins), i.e. RIA method for antibiotics from the group of aminoglycosides. Results and conclusion. The total number of infections in investigated groups was 5.18%. The measured mean concentrations of administered antibiotics following the operation and 6 h later were above MIC. This is a proof that the obtained antibiotic prophylaxis by a single dose administration of anbtibiotic is sufficient to prevent the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms from the skin.

Five years’ experience in an anesthesiology antenatal clinic for high-risk patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Shatalin ◽  
Yaacov Gozal ◽  
Sorina Grisaru-Granovsky ◽  
Alexander Ioscovich
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Hospital Births

Abstract Introduction: The aim, of this study is to describe our approach and outcomes in an outpatient anesthesia/analgesia antepartum clinic among ambulatory high-risk obstetric patients. Methods: This was a retrospective evaluation of the activity of the anesthesiology antenatal clinic from its inception in 2010 until 2016 (a 5-year period). The clinic works in collaboration with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The catchment area of the study University Affiliated Hospital attends a multiethnic population characterized by high parity. Results: There were 241 referrals over the 5 years, each of whom was discharged with a consult and a delivery management plan and 228 (95%) of which were performed as planned. Mean gestational age at consultation was 34.4 weeks (range: 20–37). There were no preconceptional consultation. No limitations regarding mode of anesthesia/analgesia was considered for 47% of the referrals. Nulliparous women accounted for 50% of the referrals and 17% were in their second pregnancy. The greatest number of referrals (30%) was for musculoskeletal conditions. No maternal death encountered. The mode of delivery was vaginal in 139 (65%) women; elective cesarean section in 44 (21%) women; and emergent cesarean section in 30 (14%) women. The neonatal outcomes were unremarkable; 210 (87%) in hospital births, 97.1% had an a 5′ Apgar score of 9. Conclusion: Our findings reveal the need for high-risk obstetric patients consult with a dedicated obstetric anesthesiologist to devise a management plan for labor and delivery that is tailored to their comorbidity and obstetric status, to ensure an optimum outcome for mother and child.

Determination of prolactin, growth hormone, β-endorphin, and cortisol in both maternal plasma and amniotic fluid during human gestation

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiro Kubota ◽  
Hiroo Tsuzuki ◽  
Motoi Saito
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Plasma Prl

Abstract. This study focuses on PRL, GH, β-endorphin and cortisol in maternal blood and amniotic fluid during human pregnancy. Maternal blood and amniotic fluid samples were obtained from 18 normal pregnant women in the second trimester, 12 full-term gravidas having spontaneous delivery, and 10 full-term gravidas having elective cesarean section. Two gravidas bearing anencephalic fetuses in the third trimester were also studied. In the second trimester women, levels of PRL (3215.9 ± 458.9 μg/l), GH (19.1 ± 1.7 μg/l) and β-endorphin (11.1 ± 0.9 pmol/l) were significantly higher in the amniotic fluid than in maternal plasma. In addition, PRL was significantly correlated with β-endorphin (r = 0.670) and with GH (r = 0.547) in the amniotic fluid. However, amniotic fluid cortisol levels (0.27 ± 0.18 nmol/l) were significantly lower than plasma cortisol levels. The amniotic fluid of the women with anencephalic fetuses had normal levels of PRL, GH and β-endorphin. In full-term gravidas, plasma PRL levels were significantly lower in women with vaginal delivery than in those with elective cesarean section, and there was a significant negative correlation between plasma PRL and β-endorphin, and between plasma PRL and cortisol levels. Plasma GH levels in women with vaginal delivery showed no signficant difference from those in women with cesarean section. Examination of amniotic fluid yielded no significant differences in the levels of PRL, β-endorphin and GH between these two groups. The authors conclude that the hormone releasing system in amniotic fluid seems to be independent of that in maternal plasma during pregnancy, and that the stress of labour has a significant effect on plasma PRL, β-endorphin and cortisol levels in maternal plasma but not on those in amniotic fluid.

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