THE EFFECT OF ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA UPON LUNG COMPLIANCE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Theresa B. Haddy ◽  
Francis J. Haddy
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Acute Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Vascular Volume ◽  
Bronchial Mucus ◽  
Pressure Independent ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Gas Volume ◽  
The Relationship

Thirty-eight puppies were paired according to weight and one of each pair was infused intravenously with normal saline and levarterenol in order to produce acute pulmonary edema. The lungs were immediately excised and the relationship of gas volume to airway pressure was examined in either the natural or gas-free postmortem state. The edematous lungs consistently opened at lower pressures than did the nonedematous lungs. After opening had occurred, the rise in airway pressure for a given increase in gas volume was often, but not invariably, greater in the edematous lung. The effect of change in pulmonary vascular volume was studied in eight excised adult dog lungs. In the absence of pulmonary edema, an increase in vascular volume [SEE FIG. 5. IN SOURCE PDF] caused a slight increase in airway pressure. In the same lungs, massive pulmonary edema increased airway pressure independent of vascular pressure. [SEE FIG 4 IN SOURCE PDF] These findings suggest that changes in the bronchial mucus-alveolar lining layer complex, parenchyma, and vascular volume all contribute to the changes in compliance seen in acute pulmonary edema. The change in the bronchial mucus-alveolar lining layer complex is of such a nature as to increase compliance, whereas the changes in the parenchyma and pulmonary blood volume decrease compliance.

Acute Pulmonary Edema Complicating Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-114
Author(s):  
ARTHUR N. FEINBERG ◽  
CHARLES L. SHABINO
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Respiratory Support ◽  
Acute Pulmonary Edema

In summary, we have presented two cases to illustrate the problem of postoperative pulmonary edema following tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Furthermore, we have discussed the difficulty in predicting those patients who will develop this complication. Because of the potential seriousness and unpredictability of acute pulmonary edema following tonsillectomy for chronic obstruction, it is important that medical personnel, including pediatricians caring for patients after tonsillectomy, be able to readily recognize this phenomenon of acute onset of congestive heart failure and treat it rapidly with diuretics, continuous positive airway pressure, and respiratory support as needed.

Pulmonary mechanics during induced pulmonary edema in anesthetized dogs

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Cook ◽  
J. Mead ◽  
G. L. Schreiner ◽  
N. R. Frank ◽  
J. M. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Pulmonary Mechanics ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Trapped Gas ◽  
Aortic Obstruction ◽  
Gas Volume ◽  
Normal Lungs

In order to study the mechanisms underlying the changes in the mechanical properties of the lungs during pulmonary edema, pulmonary vascular congestion was produced in spontaneously breathing, anesthetized dogs by partial aortic obstruction and intravenous infusion. Brief periods of congestion were associated with small changes in the lung compliance compared with the progressive and striking compliance reduction (-78%) noted with more prolonged congestion. Lung volume at end-expiration showed little change if edema fluid and trapped gas as well as the ventilated gas volume were taken into account. When edematous lungs were forcibly inflated beyond the tidal range, it was found that the overall compliance at a distending pressure of 30 cm H2O was not much less (-6%) than that of normal lungs. Furthermore, edematous lungs manifested marked ‘static’ hysteresis during such maneuvers. These findings suggested that surface phenomena were responsible for the mechanical behavior of edematous lungs rather than vascular congestion, per se, or intrinsic tissue changes. This was borne out by experiments on excised lungs which showed that the elastic properties of edematous lungs were not significantly different from normal lungs when surface forces were minimized. Submitted on August 25, 1958

When Pressure is Positive: A Literature Review of the Prehospital Use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Williams ◽  
Malcolm Boyle ◽  
Nicole Robertson ◽  
Coco Giddings
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Acute Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Cpap Therapy ◽  
Short Term

AbstractBackgroundHeart failure poses a significant burden of disease, resulting in 2,658 Australian deaths in 2008, and listed as an associated cause of death in a further 14,466 cases. Common in the hospital setting, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is a non-invasive ventilation technique used to prevent airway collapse and manage acute pulmonary edema (APO). In the hospital setting, CPAP has been known to decrease the need for endotracheal intubation in patients with APO. Therefore the objective of this literature review was to identify the effectiveness of CPAP therapy in the prehospital environment.MethodsA review of selected electronic medical databases (Cochrane, Medline, EMBASE, and CINAHL) was conducted from their commencement date through the end of May 2012. Inclusion criterion was any study type reporting the use of CPAP therapy in the prehospital environment, specifically in the treatment of heart failure and acute pulmonary edema. References of relevant articles were also reviewed.ResultsThe literature search located 1,253 articles, 12 of which met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies found that the use of CPAP therapy in the prehospital environment is associated with reduced short-term mortality as well as reduced rates of endotracheal intubation. Continuous positive airway pressure therapy was also shown to improve patient vital signs during prehospital transport and reduce myocardial damage.DiscussionThe studies conducted of prehospital use of CPAP to manage APO have all demonstrated improvement in patient outcomes in the short term.ConclusionAvailable evidence suggests that the use of CPAP therapy in the prehospital environment may be beneficial to patients with acute pulmonary edema as it can potentially decrease the need for endotracheal intubation, improve vital signs during transport to hospital, and improve short-term mortality.WilliamsB, BoyleM, RobertsonN, GiddingsC. When pressure is positive: a literature review of the prehospital use of continuous positive airway pressure. Prehosp Disaster Med.2013;28(1):1-10.

Natural laws and ontological reflections: the textual and didactic implications of the presentation of Boyle's law in general chemistry

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldo Quiroz ◽  
Cristian Merino Rubilar
Keyword(s):  
General Chemistry ◽  
Natural Laws ◽  
Compression Mechanism ◽  
The University ◽  
Explanatory Mechanism ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Gas Volume ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Boyle’S Law ◽  
Collision Mechanism

This study develops a tool to identify errors in the presentation of natural laws based on the epistemology and ontology of the Scientific Realism of Mario Bunge. The tool is able to identify errors of different types: (1) epistemological, in which the law is incorrectly presented as data correlation instead of as a pattern of causality; (2) semantic, in which natural law is presented as a mathematical statement that relates variables but with an absence of ambiguous material reference; (3) deterministic, in which the relationship of natural variables is presented but with no causality statement; and (4) mechanistic, in which a causality statement is presented with the absence of an explanatory mechanism. In this work, Boyle's law was used as an example of the applicability of the instrument. In this case, we found errors in most of the university textbooks that we analyzed. Most of the errors arose from the disconnection between the symbolic and microscopic levels. The presentations of Boyle's law in general chemistry are given in textbooks that include illustrations based in a macroscopic perspective, in which the macroscopic compression mechanism is completely disconnected from the microscopic collision mechanism. This disconnection results in the incorrect presentation of gas pressure as the cause and gas volume as the effect.

Randomized, prospective trial of bilevel versus continuous positive airway pressure in acute pulmonary edema

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Mehta ◽  
Gregory D. Jay ◽  
Robert H. Woolard ◽  
Rene A. Hipona ◽  
Emily M. Connolly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Acute Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Randomized Prospective Trial
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