Corrective Shoes for Children: A Survey of Current Practice

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn T. Staheli ◽  
Laura Giffin
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
Foot Problems ◽  
Metatarsus Adductus ◽  
Foot Development

A survey of shoe-prescribing practices for children was taken among pediatricians, orthopaedists, pediatric orthopaedists, and podiatrists. Opinions differed significantly regarding the usefulness of shoe modifications for common pediatric lower limb and foot problems. Parents' attitudes toward children's shoes were also surveyed. Pediatricians and pediatric orthopaedists tended to prescribe corrective shoes less often than did orthopaedists and podiatrists. High topped shoes are not necessary to promote normal foot development, in the opinion of 85% of those surveyed; however, high topped shoes were often recommended for infants because they slip off less easily. Preferences for Thomas heels, scaphoid pads, reverse lasts, straight lasts, wedges, torque heels, and shoe lifts for problems including flexible flat feet, metatarsus adductus, intoeing, bow legs, knock knees, and leg length inequalities were delineated among the four groups treating children's feet. The authors conclude that whereas studies show that shoe modifications are of questionable value in the problems discussed, corrective shoes are often prescribed when regular shoes would be more appropriate and economical.

scholarly journals Effect of Leg-length Discrepancy on Lower-limb Muscle Activities during Gait: Focus on Equinus Gait

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-965
Author(s):  
Yuichi HONDA ◽  
Eiichi SAKAKI ◽  
Hisayoshi YOSHIZUKA ◽  
Yasushi NAGAO
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Leg Length Discrepancy ◽  
Lower Limb Muscle ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Length Discrepancy

Monomelic Maffucci syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e239619
Author(s):  
Gopalkrishna G Verma ◽  
Vijay Kumar Jain ◽  
Karthikeyan P Iyengar
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Corrective Osteotomy ◽  
Valgus Deformity ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Maffucci Syndrome ◽  
Successful Clinical Outcome ◽  
Genu Valgus Deformity ◽  
Angular Deformities

Maffucci syndrome is a rare congenital, non-hereditary condition characterised by presence of multiple enchondromas and haemangiomas. Enchondromatous lesions affecting epiphysial growth plates can lead to angular deformities and leg-length discrepancy in the lower limb. We describe a 12-year-old girl with monomelic Maffucci syndrome affecting her left lower limb. She presented with progressive genu valgus deformity of her left knee. This caused her to limp during her gait and was a cosmetic dissatisfaction. The deformity affected her quality of life. She underwent a supracondylar distal femoral corrective osteotomy with a successful clinical outcome and restoration of her gait and cosmetic deformity.

Service response to benzodiazepine use in opiate addicts: a national postal survey

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Williams ◽  
Doug Handyside ◽  
Kirsty Bashford ◽  
Adenekan Oyefeso
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Service Community ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Benzodiazepine Dependence ◽  
Benzodiazepine Use ◽  
Opiate Addicts

AbstractObjectives: The study reports on benzodiazepine use among opiate dependent patients attending National Health Service community prescribing services and examines current practice in the clinical management of benzodiazepine dependence.Method: A postal questionnaire survey of 174 NHS substance misuse services in England and Wales.Results: A 71% response rate was achieved. Services estimated the prevalence of benzodiazepine use to be 40% and the prevalence of benzodiazepine dependence to be less than 25% among opiate dependent patients in treatment. Illicit supplies (street) and general practitioners were regarded as the most common source of benzodiazepines. The most commonly reported reasons for benzodiazepine use were for the direct intoxicating effects and for the treatment of anxiety/insomnia. The majority of services (93,75%) reported prescribing benzodiazepines to patients for benzodiazepine detoxification while 43 (35%) reported prescribing for benzodiazepine maintenance treatment. The variations in benzodiazepine prescribing practices across services are described.Conclusions: Benzodiazepine use remains common among opiate addicts in contact with treatment services. The majority of services surveyed reported prescribing benzodiazepines but there was much variation in clinical practice nationally. There is need for further research to identify effective treatment approaches for comorbid benzodiazepine dependence in opiate misusers.

scholarly journals Gait Dynamics on a Cross-Slope Walking Surface

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe C. Dixon ◽  
David J. Pearsall
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Gait Dynamics ◽  
The Us ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Restricted Mobility ◽  
Joint Reaction

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cross-slope on gait dynamics. Ten young adult males walked barefoot along an inclinable walkway. Ground reaction forces (GRFs), lower-limb joint kinematics, global pelvis orientation, functional leg-length, and joint reaction moments (JRMs) were measured. Statistical analyses revealed differences across limbs (up-slope [US] and down-slope [DS]) and inclinations (level; 0°; and cross-sloped, 6°). Adaptations included increases of nearly 300% in mediolateral GRFs (p< .001), functional shortening the US-limb and elongation of the DS-limb (p< .001), reduced step width (p= .024), asymmetrical changes in sagittal kinematics and JRM, and numerous pronounced coronal plane differences including increased US-hip adduction (and adductor moment) and decreased DS-hip adduction (and adductor moment). Data suggests that modest cross-slopes can induce substantial asymmetrical changes in gait dynamics and may represent a physical obstacle to populations with restricted mobility.

scholarly journals Body proportions of 6–18-year-old children in Merida, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-285
Author(s):  
Anna Siniarska ◽  
Joanna Nieczuja-Dwojacka ◽  
Sławomir Kozieł ◽  
Napoleon Wolański
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Proportions ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Effect Factor ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The purpose of this study was to find out the differences in body physique and its proportions between children from Creole, Maya and Mestizo ethnic groups living in Merida, Mexico. The study was conducted between 1996–1999 and comprised of 4636 children and youth aged 6–18 years from three ethnic groups: Maya, Mestizo, and Creole. There were 1362 boys and 1314 girls from Creole group and 803 boys and 857 girls from the pooled Maya/Mestizo group. Anthropometric measurements included body height, arm and leg length, shoulder and hip width. The following indexes were calculated: leg length-to-body height, upper-to-lower limb, shoulder-to-body height, hip-to-body height, and hip-to-shoulder. Two-way analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA) was used to test the main effect and the interaction effects of age and ethnicity on height, leg length and body proportions, separately for boys and girls. All statistical analyses were performed using Statistica software version 13.1. All p-values lower than 0.05 were considered significant. Results of this study revealed that average values of body height, leg length and upper-to-lower limb and shoulder width proportions were statistically significantly different between ethnic groups. Creole children were taller and longer-legged than their Maya/Mestizo peers, and the greatest difference was noted after puberty. Maya/Mestizo children had relatively longer arm as compared to Creoles. Results of two-way ANOVA revealed that age and ethnicity were combined (interaction effect) factors for variation in body height both in boys and girls, and upper-to-lower limb proportion in boys, shoulder-to-body height proportion in girls. Ethnicity was the main effect factor for leg length both in boys and girls, and for the body proportions: upper-to-lower limb in girls and shoulder-to-body height in boys. Age was the main effect factor for upper-to-lower limb proportion in girls, shoulder-to-body height in boys, hip-to-body height in boys and girls, and hip-to-shoulder, both in boys and girls. In conclusion it may be stated that variation in body physique and body proportions during the postnatal growth in different ethnic groups is under the influence of complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors to which the individual is exposed.

scholarly journals An audit of amputation levels in patients referred for prosthetic rehabilitation

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. M. Fyfe
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Prosthetic Rehabilitation ◽  
Below The Knee ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Surgical Units ◽  
District Hospitals ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time ◽  
Underlying Pathology

Most lower limb amputations in the United Kingdom (UK) are carried out within general surgical, orthopaedic and plastic surgical units of district hospitals. This study of patients referred for rehabilitation was undertaken to determine the number and specialty interests of surgeons referring amputees, the numbers referred by each and, as one of several possible measures of appropriateness for rehabilitation, the amputation levels in patients referred for the first time to one sub-regional Disablement Services (limb fitting) Centre (DSC) over a 14 month period. Thirty nine surgeons, referred 263 amputees. The majority (61%) of surgeons referred 5 or fewer: a nucleus of 11 vascular surgeons (28%) referred 64% of the patients. The underlying pathology, speciality interest of the surgeon or numbers referred by individual surgeons had no relation to final healed level which was below the knee in 55% of cases compared to national figures for all other DSC's ranging between 39% and 48% below-knee between 1981 and 1988. Since current practice in the UK is to refer all but the frailest patients for consideration of prosthetic rehabilitation, this study suggests that, nationally, more patients could be suited for the functionally superior below-knee level of amputation than are currently benefiting from it.

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