Lead Study Results Questioned

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-248
Author(s):  
Philip J. Landrigan
Keyword(s):  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Lead Study

Ernhart et al1 have reported the results of developmental follow-up evaluation of black urban schoolchildren with increased exposure to lead. Perino and Ernhart2 had assessed the development of this same group of children five years previously. In the earlier evaluation, Perino and Ernhart divided the children into low lead (blood lead level, 10 to 30 µg/100 ml) and moderate lead (40 to 70 µg/100 ml) exposure groups; no child in either group had clinical manifestations of lead poisoning.

Lead Poisoning: Twenty Years After

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-505
Author(s):  
HENRIETTA SACHS ◽  
DONALD I. MOEL
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Neurobehavioral Development ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

To the Editor.— In October 1991, the Centers for Disease Control decreased the blood lead level PbB) from 25 to 10 µg/dL and designated it as abnormal because of "overwhelming and compelling scientific evidence"1 that 10 µg/dL is associated with adverse neurobehavioral development. We have evidence to the contrary, obtained in a long-term follow-up of severely lead-poisoned children whom we treated before 1972 for PbBs between 80 and 470 µg/dL (mean, 150.3 ± 77.1 µg/dL); their mean age was 28 months.

scholarly journals Against lead poisoning: effectiveness of housing first and counselling in the home

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Laporte ◽  
H Barberin de Barberini ◽  
E Jouve ◽  
K Hadji ◽  
S Gentile
Keyword(s):  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Housing First ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Stable Housing ◽  
Lead Levels

Abstract Background Removing lead sources is the main measure against child lead poisoning. Medical treatment is ineffective for most mild cases and particularly against long-term complications in neurological development. However, the effectiveness of interventions to eliminate sources of lead exposure has not been fully established, mainly because of the diversity of situations. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of several interventions (housing counselling, rehabilitation and relocation) on blood lead levels in two situations (stable unhealthy housing with old flaked lead paints, slums with family recycling practices by incineration). Methodology A historical cohort of lead poisoning in children has been established in Marseille, France. Medical follow-up followed national guidelines. Environmental interventions followed legal procedures, where available. In slums, counselling was adapted to the exposure. A generalized mixed model was developed to study the kinetics of blood lead levels after the interventions. Results 151 children were included; age = 5.4 (SD = 7.8) years; 85 (56%) lived in stable unhealthy housing, others lived in slums. Medical follow-up included 492 blood lead levels. For children living in stable unhealthy housing, blood lead level decrease was significantly associated with every intervention: housing counselling, rehabilitation and relocation (respectively p < 0.005; p < 0.05 and p < 0.005). For children living in slums, blood lead level decrease was only associated with relocation in a stable housing (p < 0.005). Conclusions Several interventions are effective to decrease blood lead levels in unhealthy housing. In slums, access to a stable housing first is a prerequisite for any intervention against child lead poisoning, even when related to family practices. Key messages In stable unhealthy housing, several interventions against lead exposure can be effective to raise a strategy. But, environmental health and access to housing first needs to be addressed for their implementation.

scholarly journals Lead Exposure and Intellectual Function: Findings from Primary School Children in Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-297
Author(s):  
Mahbuba Haque ◽  
M H Faruquee ◽  
Suman Lahiry ◽  
Saira Tasmin ◽  
Rabeya Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
School Children ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Background Information ◽  
The Impact

Backgrounds: About 120 million people around the world are overexposed to lead which is neurotoxic and 99 percent of the most severely affected children are in the developing world including Bangladesh. Methods and Materials: The present cross-sectional ecological study was carried out to explore the impact of lead poisoning on the intelligence level among 84 primary school children of a school of Bangladesh, aged between 8 and 14 years from September 2010 through January 2011. The research instrument was an interviewer questionnaire, questionnaire for IQ test and assessment of blood lead level (inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry with collision/reaction cells) of the study subjects after obtaining permission from their parents and the school authority. Results: Data were cross-checked and frequency distribution and association using chi-square test was accomplished. Background information depicted majority (69.1%) of the children aged10-11 years (mean = 10.25 ±1.177 yrs), female (51.2%), parents having primary level of education or below (73.8% in case of father and 77.4% in mother) and from lower socioeconomics (78.6% earned BDT 10,000 or below per month). Among all, majority (56%) were found to be moron, 27.4% in borderline, while 8.3% were imbecile with the same proportion with normal level. By their blood lead level. Majority (70.2%) had blood lead level up to 10 microgram/dl and the rest (29.8%) had more than 10 microgram/dl. Though no statistically significant association was found between IQ level of the children and their blood lead level (p>0.05), the health problems found among the respondents as abdominal pain (53.57%), impatience (14.29%), nausea (10.71%) and all other problems (loss of concentration to study, ear problem, anorexia and loss of weight) amounting for 21.43% are suggestive of chronic lead poisoning. Conclusion:Further studies in large scale with larger samples including comparative studies of inter-industrial areas have been strongly recommended. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i4.12599 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 04 Oct’12  

Lead Poisoning: From Screening to Primary Prevention

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Us Children

Knowledge of the extent and seriousness of childhood lead poisoning has vastly expanded since the last statement regarding lead poisoning by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1987.1 Blood lead levels once thought to be safe have been shown to be associated with IQ deficits, behavior disorders, slowed growth, and impaired hearing.2 In fact, lead poisoning is, according to the Department of Health and Human Services, "the most important environmental health problem for young children."3 The rapid development of the scientific database requires recognition by physicians of the significance of effects at lower levels and a change in clinical practice. During the last 30 years the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has revised downward the definition of the blood level at which lead poisoning occurs from 60 µg/dL whole blood in the early 1960s, to 30 µg/dL in 1975, and 25 µg/dL in 1985. The 1991 CDC statement "Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children" recommended lowering the community intervention level to 10 µg/dL and setting several action levels (Table 1).2 In 1987 the American Academy of Pediatrics stated that lead levels greater than 25 µg/dL were unacceptable for children.1 The Academy now recognizes that impairment of cognitive function begins to occur at levels greater than 10 µg/dL, even though clinical symptoms are not seen. In the late 1970s, the average blood lead level for US children was 16 µg/dL.4 The mean blood lead level for US children has declined since 1976 due to the phaseout of lead in gasoline5 and the reduction of lead in food, and it is now between 4 and 6 µg/dL.6

scholarly journals Association of Blood Lead Level with Neurological Features in 972 Children Affected by an Acute Severe Lead Poisoning Outbreak in Zamfara State, Northern Nigeria

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e93716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Greig ◽  
Natalie Thurtle ◽  
Lauren Cooney ◽  
Cono Ariti ◽  
Abdulkadir Ola Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Neurological Features

Lead Exposure and Growth in the Early Preschool Child: A Follow-up Report from the Cincinnati Lead Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 886-892
Author(s):  
Rakesh Shukla ◽  
Kim N. Dietrich ◽  
Robert L Bornschein ◽  
Omer Berger ◽  
Paul B. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
First Year ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
Recumbent Length ◽  
First Year Of Life

This report is a follow-up of an earlier study of the effects of low to moderate prenatal and postnatal lead exposure on children's growth in stature. Two hundred thirty-five subjects were assessed every 3 months for lead exposure (blood lead level) and stature (recumbent length) up to 33 months of age. Fetal lead exposure was indexed by maternal blood lead level during pregnancy. The adverse effects of lead on growth during the first year of life were reported previously. This analysis covers essentially the second and third years of life. The results indicate that mean blood lead level during this period was negatively associated with attained height at 33 months of age (P = .002). This association was, however, evidenced only among those children who had mean blood lead levels greater than the cohort median (≥10.77 µg/dL) during the 3- to 15-month interval. The results also suggest that the effect of lead exposure (both in utero as well as during the first year of life) are transient provided that subsequent exposure to lead is not excessive. It appears that maintaining an average blood lead level of 25 µg/dL or more during the second and third year of life was detrimental to the child's attained stature at 33 months of age. Approximately 15% of this cohort experienced these levels of lead exposure. Continued follow-up of this cohort will reveal whether these lead-related deficits persist and whether they continue to be dependent on the level of exposure in an earlier period.

scholarly journals Using the current Brazilian value for the biological exposure limit applied to blood lead level as a lead poisoning diagnostic criterion

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Cordeiro
Keyword(s):  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
High Relative Risk ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion

In general, biological exposure limits are only used for the promotion and preservation of workers' health and are not applied for diagnostic purposes. However, the issue is controversial for certain types of occupational poisoning. This paper proposes the utilization of biological exposure limits currently applied to blood lead levels in Brazil as an important criterion for diagnosing occupational lead poisoning. The author argues that contrary to the traditional clinical criterion, one should deal with the diagnostic problem of lead poisoning from an epidemiological perspective, using the current Brazilian value for the biological exposure limit applied to blood lead level as an indicator of high relative risk.

Clinical manifestations of lead workers of Mangalore, India

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 405-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajee Kuruvilla ◽  
V.V. Pillay ◽  
Prabha Adhikari ◽  
T. Venkatesh ◽  
M. Chakrapani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Abdominal Colic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Battery Workers

Objective: To correlate blood lead levels and clinical manifestations. Participants: Battery workers and painters (occupationally exposed to lead in and around Mangalore, India) and occupationally unexposed controls. Main outcome measures: We measured the blood lead levels by anodic stripping voltammetry, and a clinical examination was carried out on all participants. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the lead-exposed group and controls with respect to clinical manifestations. The prominent findings among the lead-exposed group were fatigue, abdominal colic, abdominal discomfort, backache, muscular exhaustability, myalgia and paresthesia, at a blood lead level ranging from 0.4 to 116.6 μg/dL. Conclusions: Such a study on battery workers and painters has not been reported in India. Several attempts have been made over the years to relate blood lead levels to adverse health effects. It was not possible to determine a precise blood lead level below which symptoms never occur or a blood lead level at which symptoms are always reported. Toxicology and Industrial Health 2006; 22: 405-413.

scholarly journals 610 A case of lead poisoning to an action of blood lead level screening in children in Kratumban, Thailand

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. A219.1-A219
Author(s):  
Chatchai Im-arom ◽  
Athipat Athipongarporn ◽  
Adisak Plitponkarnpim
Keyword(s):  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead
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