Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Care Techniques

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-122
Author(s):  
ALISTAIR G. S. PHILIP ◽  
DALE L. KESSLER
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Oxygen Requirement ◽  
End Point ◽  
Definition Of

To the Editor.— Although the paper by Avery et al1 is both interesting and provocative, readers should be cautioned about the inherent limitations of data generated by a retrospective, multicentered study design. First, the definition of chronic lung disease leaves much to be desired. The diagnosis was "arbitrarily defined" as an oxygen requirement greater than room air at 28 days of age. Evaluation of the need for oxygen at 3 months is a much more clinically relevant end point, but the numbers in this category were too small to evaluate adequately.

Definition of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-523
Author(s):  
MICHAEL KAPLAN
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Oxygen Requirement ◽  
Antenatal Steroid ◽  
Criteria For Diagnosis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Radiographic Changes

To the Editor.— Once again, a study of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), this time assessing the effect of antenatal steroid therapy, has timed the criteria for diagnosis (oxygen requirement and radiographic changes) at 28 postnatal days.1 Unfortunately, oxygen requirement, with or without radiographic changes, at this age, is being accepted widely as the clinical definition of this condition (alternatively termed chronic lung disease).2,3 Frequently, clinical studies relate minimally, if at all, to the later outcome of infants with BPD.

The Relationship of Selenium Status to Respiratory Outcome in the Very Low Birth Weight Infant

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Darlow ◽  
Terrie E. Inder ◽  
Patrick J. Graham ◽  
Karl B. Sluis ◽  
Tim J. Malpas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Oxygen Requirement ◽  
Plasma Selenium ◽  
Respiratory Outcome ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. To examine the relationship between plasma and erythrocyte selenium and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels in premature infants and outcome measures. Design. Prospective observational longitudinal study. Setting. Two regional neonatal intensive care units in the South Island of New Zealand, an area with low soil selenium. Patients. Seventy-nine infants with birth weights less than 1500 g or gestation less than 32 weeks admitted within 48 hours of birth from November 1992 through November 1993. Main Outcome Measures. Oxygen requirement at 28 days (chronic lung disease), or 36 weeks postmenstrual age and for all or most of the time from birth (bronchopulmonary dysplasia), total days in oxygen, retinopathy of prematurity, periventricular hemorrhage, or ventricular dilatation. Results. Initial infant plasma selenium and GPx levels were about two thirds of maternal levels and fell a further 30% in 28 days. In contrast to adults, there was a poor correlation in infant plasma between selenium and GPx at birth and 28 days. Plasma selenium at 28 days was significantly lower in infants with chronic lung disease and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. After controlling for gestational age and age when fully fed orally, 28-day plasma selenium was significantly associated with the log of total days of oxygen requirement, each drop of 0.1 µmol/L in 28-day selenium being associated with a 58% increase in days of oxygen dependency. No significant associations of other parameters of selenium status and respiratory outcome were found, and there were no significant associations of any parameters of selenium status with other outcome measures. Conclusions. This study demonstrates for the first time in human infants that low plasma selenium levels are significantly associated with an increased respiratory morbidity. Whether selenium deficiency is etiologically important in determining the respiratory outcome or the result of sickness in the infant should be investigated in a randomized, controlled trial.

Stability of Diluted Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Injection at Two Temperatures

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1018-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph A. Lugo ◽  
Milap C. Nahata
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Usp 4 ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Phosphate Injection ◽  
The Stability

OBJECTIVE: Premature neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia frequently are treated with intravenous dexamethasone for their chronic lung disease. The injection volumes of the commercially available products often are too small to measure accurately. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability over 28 days of dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection 4 mg/mL diluted with bacteriostatic NaCl 0.9% to 1 mg/mL. DESIGN: Ten vials of dexamethasone 1 mg/mL were prepared from dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection, USP 4 mg/mL and bacteriostatic NaCl 0.9% injection. Five vials were stored at 4 °C and five at 22 °C. Dexamethasone was measured on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 by an accurate, reproducible, and stability-indicating HPLC method. Samples were also inspected visually for precipitation or discoloration on each study day. RESULTS: The samples retained at least 97.7 percent of the original concentration of dexamethasone sodium phosphate when stored at either 4 or 22 °C for 28 days. No discoloration or precipitation was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection 1 mg/mL in bacteriostatic NaCl 0.9% was stable for 28 days at 4 and 22 °C.

The BPD Problem

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-190
Author(s):  
T. A. MERRITT ◽  
W. NORTHWAY ◽  
B. R. BOYNTON ◽  
D. K. EDWARDS ◽  
M. HALLMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Statistical Analyses

To the Editor.— Sinkin and co-workers1 undertook the laudable goal of attempting to predict the risk of "bronchopulmonary dysplasia" (defined solely as a requirement for supplemental oxygen at 28 days) to select better infants who might benefit from interventions to reduce the frequency of this chronic lung disease. Other investigators have defined risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the first days to weeks of life using similar statistical analyses,2,3 cytopathology,4 detection of elevated proteases in airway secretions,5-7 measurement of airways mechanics,8,9 and clinical and radiographic scores.10,11

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Chronic Lung Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pierro ◽  
Elena Ciarmoli ◽  
Bernard Thébaud
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease
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