Upper Airway Disorders

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 916-920
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Bacterial Adherence ◽  
Secretory Iga

Purpose of Study This study was conducted to define the role of inflammatory mediators in chronic middle ear disease. Methods One hundred and two patients, aged 1 to 23 years (mean age 4.9 years), with persistent otitis media with effusion unresponsive to antimicrobial therapy, were studied. Fluid was obtained during insertion of tympanotomy tubes and cultured and assayed for histamine, neutrophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis, and/or 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2α (a prostaglandin metabolite). Twenty-two patients also had their plasma evaluated. Findings All the mediators were higher in the middle ear effusions than in the plasma. The mean histamine content of the mucoid secretions was significantly higher than that of purulent and serous effusions. Twenty-two percent of the effusions yielded pathogenic organisms. The highest histamine levels were found in the effusions positive for Haemophilus influenzae. Conclusion These data suggest a role for the local mast cell-derived mediators in inducing or sustaining the inflammatory process involved in otitis media with effusion. Further research is needed to investigate the actual source of these mediators, their significance in otitis media with effusion and the role of the mast cell. GARY RACHELEFSKY, MD Los Angeles, CA SECRETORY igA AND BACTERIAL ADHERENCE TO NASAL MUCISAL CELLS Kurono Y, Fujiyoshi T, Mogi G.Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1989;98:273-277 Purpose of Study and Methods In works by other authors, specific bacterial adherence to mucosal cellular walls correlated well with clinical disease. With Streptococcus pyogenes the M-protein of its cellular wall is essential for adherence. Study Population Nasal mucosal cells were collected from 25 normal controls and 29 patients with chronic sinusitis.

Secretory IgA and Antibody Activities in Middle Ear Effusions

1976 ◽  
Vol 85 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goro Mogi
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Nasal Secretion ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Subunit Structure ◽  
Immunologic Reactions

Secretory IgA (SIgA) was isolated from pooled middle ear effusions (MEE) and its antigenicity and subunit structure were found to be identical to those of SIgA in saliva, nasal secretion and colostrum. The calculated percentage of SIgA in the total IgA of effusions was approximately 11%. Although the SIgA antibodies against streptolysin and staphylolysin were very low when compared to that of IgG class in effusion, this finding confirmed that MEE is at least partially a result of local immunologic reactions. The IgE concentration did not become elevated in both the MEE and serum obtained from patients with otitis media with effusion. Specific reaginic activity against mites was found in 5 of 56 (8.9%) MEE. Our findings would not suggest the significant role of atopic allergy in the formation of MEE.

The Role of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in Chronic Otitis Media With Effusion

1982 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 837-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel M. Bernstein ◽  
Diane Dryja ◽  
Erwin Neter
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Heterogenous Group ◽  
Ear Effusion

Twenty-eight middle ear effusions from 27 patients with chronic otitis media with effusion were studied for the presence of bacteria. The most common isolates were coagulase-negative staphylococci. However, biochemical and antibiotic sensitivity patterns demonstrated that these organisms represented a heterogenous group. At least three subtypes of coagulase-negative staphylococci were identified from the middle ear effusions, and in only one instance was the isolate from the ear canal identical with that of the middle ear effusion. The data presented suggest that coagulase-negative staphylococci from the middle ear effusions may not be contaminants; however, it cannot be determined from this study whether these organisms play a role as pathogens or as the result of indolent colonization.

Immunoglobulin E in Chronic Middle Ear Effusions

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Lewis ◽  
James L. Schram ◽  
Herbert G. Birck ◽  
David J. Lim ◽  
Gerald Gleich
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Double Antibody ◽  
Paired Serum

To investigate the possible role of allergy in otitis media with effusion (OME), the immunoglobulin E (IgE) content of 138 middle ear effusions (MEE) and paired serum samples from patients with chronic otitis media with effusion was determined. The initial 62 paired specimens were assayed for IgE by the radioimmunosorbent test (RIST), while the later 76 paired specimens were assayed for IgE by the paper radioimmunosorbent test (PRIST). When the results obtained by these two techniques were compared, it was noted that the PRIST procedure gave significantly lower IgE values for effusions than the RIST method. When the effusion-to-serum ratios (E/S ratios) were computed from the PRIST data, the E/S ratio was less than one, while RIST data gave an E/S ratio greater than one. The results obtained with the PRIST procedure were confirmed by double antibody radioimmunoassay for IgE. Thus, the PRIST procedure appears to measure the IgE content of MEE more accurately, and the results obtained by this procedure fail to support the concept of allergy as a major causative factor in OME.

The Role of Bacterial Adherence in Otitis Media With Effusion

1990 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
pp. 1143-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shimamura ◽  
H. Shigemi ◽  
Y. Kurono ◽  
G. Mogi
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Bacterial Adherence

Biological Mediators of Inflammation in Middle Ear Effusions

1976 ◽  
Vol 85 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel M. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Chemotactic Factor ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation ◽  
Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Middle Ear Cleft

Four biological mediators of inflammation have been found in middle ear effusions from patients with otitis media with effusion. They are chemotactic factor(s), macrophage inhibition factor(s), activated complement and prostaglandins. The potential role of these mediators has been discussed in relation to their potential for maintaining inflammation in the middle ear cleft after Eustachian tube dysfunction.

scholarly journals MICROORGANISMS IN CHRONIC OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION

2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (142) ◽  
pp. 314-317
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Jha ◽  
J B Singh ◽  
S P Raut
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid ◽  
Nature Ofthe

A total of 100 patient with otitis media effusion obtained from patients suffering fromchronic otitis media with effusions was examined for bacterial smear and culture. Inmucoid effusion 82% showed positive bacterial smear, only 35% yielded positivebacterial culture. Bacterial cultures rate was higher in serous (50%) effusion. Theisolation of common pathogens accounted for the remaining 42%. The high incidenceof microorganisms in the middle ear effusions in the present study indicates bacterialcontribution in many cases of otitis media effusion. Concerning the sterile nature ofthe middle ear fluid some investigators suggested that the effusions are transudatesand are created by a negative pressure in the tympanum due to a malfunctioningEustachian tube.2It was suggested that failure to isolate organisms may be partly dueto the antimicrobial characteristics of effusions. The purpose of this study is to showpossible role of bacteria in Middle Ear Effusions.Key Words: Otitis Media, Effusion, Microorganisms.

Similar allergic inflammation in the middle ear and the upper airway: Evidence linking otitis media with effusion to the united airways concept

2004 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 1110-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily H.P. Nguyen ◽  
John J. Manoukian ◽  
Steven E. Sobol ◽  
Ted L. Tewfik ◽  
Bruce D. Mazer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Upper Airway

Adenoid mast cells and their role in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (7) ◽  
pp. 556-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Abdullah ◽  
S Hassan ◽  
D Sidek ◽  
H Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Ventilation Tube ◽  
Tube Insertion ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is an inflammation of the middle ear in which a collection of liquid is present in the middle-ear space while the tympanic membrane is intact. The association between adenoid inflammation and OME has long been noted but the exact mechanism is still much debated. We studied the role of adenoid mast cells in the causation of OME.Objective: To study the distribution and role of adenoid mast cells in the causation of OMEMethodology: A cross-sectional, prospective study was carried out in the otorhinolaryngologic clinic, department of otorhinolaryngology (ORL), Science University of Malaysia, from June 1999 to September 2001. A total number of 50 cases were studied. Twenty-five of these patients underwent adenoidectomy, while another 25 patients underwent adenoidectomy and myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion. The adenoid specimens from all patients were examined for the number of adenoid mast cells present, using light microscopy and toluidine blue as the staining agent. The results were analysed using SPSS version 10.0 computer software.Result: The population of adenoid mast cells in children with OME was significantly greater than that in children without OME (p = 0.000).Conclusion: The increased number of adenoid mast cells in patients with OME suggests that inflammation may play a role in this condition.

Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Otitis Media with Effusion

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 278-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Lim ◽  
James L. Schram ◽  
Daniel M. Lewis ◽  
Herbert G. Birck
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Culture Positive

Eighty-two bacterial isolates recovered from the middle ear effusions (192) of children with otitis media with effusion (OME) were tested for antibiotic sensitivity. Nearly 50% of all bacteria isolated were found to be resistant to penicillin, and in particular, 61% of the Haemophilus isolates were penicillin-resistant; 48% of the Haemophilus isolates were ampicillin-resistant. In addition, we compared the bacterial recovery rate from effusions of patients who were receiving antibiotics with those who were not. Among patients who were receiving antibiotics, 33% of the effusions were culture positive, while 82% of the effusions were culture positive in the patients who were not given antibiotics. These results are discussed with respect to the possible role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of OME.

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