Similar allergic inflammation in the middle ear and the upper airway: Evidence linking otitis media with effusion to the united airways concept

2004 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 1110-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily H.P. Nguyen ◽  
John J. Manoukian ◽  
Steven E. Sobol ◽  
Ted L. Tewfik ◽  
Bruce D. Mazer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Upper Airway

Upper Airway Disorders

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 916-920
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Bacterial Adherence ◽  
Secretory Iga

Purpose of Study This study was conducted to define the role of inflammatory mediators in chronic middle ear disease. Methods One hundred and two patients, aged 1 to 23 years (mean age 4.9 years), with persistent otitis media with effusion unresponsive to antimicrobial therapy, were studied. Fluid was obtained during insertion of tympanotomy tubes and cultured and assayed for histamine, neutrophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis, and/or 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2α (a prostaglandin metabolite). Twenty-two patients also had their plasma evaluated. Findings All the mediators were higher in the middle ear effusions than in the plasma. The mean histamine content of the mucoid secretions was significantly higher than that of purulent and serous effusions. Twenty-two percent of the effusions yielded pathogenic organisms. The highest histamine levels were found in the effusions positive for Haemophilus influenzae. Conclusion These data suggest a role for the local mast cell-derived mediators in inducing or sustaining the inflammatory process involved in otitis media with effusion. Further research is needed to investigate the actual source of these mediators, their significance in otitis media with effusion and the role of the mast cell. GARY RACHELEFSKY, MD Los Angeles, CA SECRETORY igA AND BACTERIAL ADHERENCE TO NASAL MUCISAL CELLS Kurono Y, Fujiyoshi T, Mogi G.Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1989;98:273-277 Purpose of Study and Methods In works by other authors, specific bacterial adherence to mucosal cellular walls correlated well with clinical disease. With Streptococcus pyogenes the M-protein of its cellular wall is essential for adherence. Study Population Nasal mucosal cells were collected from 25 normal controls and 29 patients with chronic sinusitis.

Evidence of Allergic Inflammation in the Middle Ear and Nasopharynx in Atopic Children with Otitis Media with Effusion

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (06) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily H. P. Nguyen ◽  
John J. Manoukian ◽  
Ted L. Tewfik ◽  
Steven E. Sobol ◽  
Philippe Joubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Allergic Inflammation

Determining Otitis Media Severity from Middle Ear Fluid Analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 103 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven K. Juhn ◽  
William J. Garvis ◽  
Chap T. Le ◽  
Chris J. Lees ◽  
C. S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Ear Effusion ◽  
Chemical Mediators

Otitis media has a complex multifactorial pathogenesis, and the middle ear inflammatory response is typified by the accumulation of cellular and chemical mediators in middle ear effusion. However, specific biochemical and immunochemical factors that may be responsible for the severity or chronicity of otitis media have not been identified. Identification of factors involved in chronicity appears to be an essential step in the treatment and ultimate prevention of chronic otitis media. We analyzed 70 effusion samples from patients 1 to 10 years of age who had chronic otitis media with effusion for two cytokines (interleukrn-1β and tumor necrosis factor α) and total collagenase. The highest concentrations of all three inflammatory mediators were found in purulent otitis media, and concentrations were higher in younger than in older patients. Mediator concentrations were similar in samples obtained from patients having their first myringotomy for otitis media with effusion and in those who had had multiple previous myringotomies. The multiresponse star, which incorporates several biochemical parameters in one graphic illustration, may best characterize the complex nature of middle ear inflammation.

scholarly journals Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Gene Expression Induced In Vivo in a Chinchilla Model of Otitis Media

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 3454-3462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Mason ◽  
Robert S. Munson ◽  
Lauren O. Bakaletz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Nthi Strain

ABSTRACT The gram-negative bacterium nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is the predominant pathogen in chronic otitis media with effusion and, with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis, is a causative agent of acute otitis media. To identify potential virulence determinants, bacterial gene expression was monitored by differential fluorescence induction during early disease progression in one specific anatomical niche of a chinchilla model of NTHI-induced otitis media. Genomic DNA fragments from NTHI strain 86-028NP were cloned upstream of the promoterless gfpmut3 gene. NTHI strain 86-028NP served as the host for the promoter trap library. Pools of 2,000 transformants were inoculated into the left and right middle ear cavities of chinchillas. Middle ear effusions were recovered by epitympanic tap at 24 and 48 h, and clones containing promoter elements that were induced in vivo and producing green fluorescent protein were isolated by two-color fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Insert DNA was sequenced and compared to the complete genome sequence of H. influenzae strain Rd. In a screen of 16,000 clones, we have isolated 44 clones that contain unique gene fragments encoding biosynthetic enzymes, metabolic and regulatory proteins, and hypothetical proteins of unknown function. An additional eight clones contain gene fragments unique to our NTHI isolate. Using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, we have confirmed that 26 clones demonstrated increased gene expression in vivo relative to expression in vitro. These data provide insight into the response of NTHI bacteria as they sense and respond to the middle ear microenvironment during early events of otitis media.

Effects of Platelet Activating Factor on the Tubotympanic Mucosa and Inner Ear in the Guinea Pig

1998 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 876-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiharu Ohno ◽  
Yoshihiro Ohashi ◽  
Hideki Okamoto ◽  
Yoshikazu Sugiura ◽  
Yoshiaki Nakai
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa

The effect of platelet activating factor (PAF) was studied to elucidate its role in the pathogenesis of otitis media and sensorineural hearing loss. The PAF alone did not induce a reduction of ciliary activity of the cultured middle ear mucosa. However, a dose-dependent decrease in ciliary activity was observed in the presence of the medium containing both PAF and macrophages. Intravenous injection of PAF did not induce dysfunction of the mucociliary system or morphologic changes of epithelium in the tubotympanum, but cytoplasmic vacuolization and ballooning were observed in the inner ear within 1 hour after injection of PAF. In contrast, intratympanic injection of PAF induced mucociliary dysfunction and some pathologic changes in the tubotympanum. Intratympanic inoculation of PAF induced no pathologic findings in the inner ear. These results suggest that PAF is at least partially involved in the pathogenesis of certain middle ear diseases such as otitis media with effusion. Additionally, PAF might be involved in the pathogenesis of some types of unexplained sensorineural hearing loss.

To Tube or Not to Tube: That Continues to Be the Question

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-332
Author(s):  
DAVID W. TEELE ◽  
BERNARD ROSNER ◽  
JEROME O. KLEIN
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Ear Effusion

In Reply.— We appreciate Chamberlin's thoughtful comments about the associations between otitis media with effusion and development of speech and language and his concern about results that are statistically significant but may not be "clinically significant." We share his view that measurements of the sequelae of disease should include those that are meaningful to the child. We reported results of tests of speech and language that indicated that children who had spent many days with middle ear effusion during the first years of life scored significantly lower than did children who had not spent such time.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document