Return of Spontaneous Respiration in an Infant Who Fulfilled Current Criteria to Determine Brain Death

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-520
Author(s):  
Ken Okamoto ◽  
Tsuyoshi Sugimoto
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Brain Death ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Spontaneous Respiration ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Child's Brain

It is generally assumed that the child's brain is more resistant to insults leading to death. Current guidelines for brain death, therefore, avoid application of these standards to young children.1 The determination of brain death in children, however, has become increasingly important, and different sets of new guidelines for children have been recently published.1-4 Especially, the recommendations of a special task force, consisting of representatives from neurologic organizations and the American Academy of Pediatrics, were published in five major journals.4 Those primary distinctions were three separate longer observation periods depending on the child's age and the necessity for two corroborating electroencephalograms (EEGs) or one EEG with a corroborating cerebral radionucleotide angiogram.

Guidelines for the Determination of Brain Death in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-629
Author(s):  
RICHARD M. NARKEWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Task Force ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Sensitive Issue ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
Medical Disciplines ◽  
Consensus Report

In 1986, a task force was impaneled consisting of representatives from a number of legal and medical disciplines, including two representatives from the American Academy of Pediatrics, to examine the issue of brain death in children. This consortium developed a consensus report which was published in Pediatrics (1987;80:298-300). This report, however, does not represent Academy policy and should not be construed as such. This material has been referenced subsequently, most recently in the August (1988) issue of Pediatrics, with the inference that it represents the Academy's position. In summary, the guidelines issued by the Task Force have provided the medical and legal communities with useful information on a sensitive issue, but it should be reiterated that they do not represent an official policy of the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Different Opinions and Thoughts on the Management of Hyperbilirubinemia

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 974-974
Author(s):  
Jerold F. Lucey
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
Bilirubin Level ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
High Bilirubin

What is the standard of care for an infant with a high bilirubin level? Numerous "guidelines" based on well-intentioned opinions certainly exist, but should these really define a standard of care? I don't think so. We still don't have enough solid evidence to make rules! After more than 40 years of research, Newman and Maisels are suggesting new guidelines for healthy fullterm infants. They have critically reviewed the evidence available and make some new recommendations. I was curious to learn the reactions of a number of "bilirubin experts" and the opinions of an American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on the subject. I thought it might be worthwhile to have all of these published in the same issue to demonstrate the wide spectrum of opinions which exist.

Guidelines for the Determination of Brain Death in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-300 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Brain Death ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Determination Of Death ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Proximate Cause ◽  
Medical Standards ◽  
Bar Association ◽  
Irreversible Cessation

Most states now have laws on brain death, and the American Medical Association, the American Bar Association, the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, and this Task Force have all endorsed the following language regarding the determination of death: An individual who has sustained either (1) irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions or (2) irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brainstem, is dead. A determination of death must be made in accordance with accepted medical standards. There are no unique legal issues in determining brain death in children as compared with adults. The unique issues are all medical ones and related directly to the more difficult tasks of confirming brain death in young children. Current criteria of brain death avoid application of these standards to "young children." The report of the presidential commission1 outlines criteria valid in children older than 5 years of age. It is generally assumed that the child's brain is more resistant to insults leading to death, although this issue is controversial and lacks convincing clinical documentation.2,3 The criteria outlined are useful in determining brain death in infants and children. In term newborns (> 38 weeks' gestation), the criteria are useful seven days after the neurologic insult. The newborn is difficult to evaluate clinically after perinatal insults. This relates to many factors including difficulties of clinical assessment, determination of proximate cause of coma, and certainty of the validity of laboratory tests.

SECTION ON ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. ii-ii
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
Asthmatic Child ◽  
Task Force ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Educational Resource ◽  
Pediatric Allergy ◽  
The Past ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Allergy And Immunology ◽  
Children With Asthma

The Section on Allergy and Immunology was one of the first sections formed (1948) within the American Academy of Pediatrics. It now has almost 600 members. Its objective is to improve the care of children with asthma, allergies, and immunologic disorders. The Section aims to serve as a major informational and educational resource for the 34 000 members of the American Academy of Pediatrics. The Section sponsors a 2-day scientific program and symposium at each Anual Meeting of the Academy; and, for the past several years, it has also presented a symposium at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology, as well as the annual "Synopsis Book." Other educational activities by the Section include publishing position papers (most recently, "Exercise and the Asthmatic Child"), assisting the National Asthma Education Task Force of the National Institutes of Health, and developing informational pamphlets for patients. In addition, the Section sponsors visiting professorship programs to medical schools which do not have a division of pediatric allergy and immunology. The membership of the Section on Allergy and Immunology consists of Fellows of the American Academy of Pediatrics who have been certified by the American Board of Pediatrics and by the American Board of Allergy and Immunology. Any and all qualified American Academy of Pediatrics Fellows are invited to apply for membership in the Section. If interested, please write to: DIRECTOR, DIVISION OF SECTIONS American Academy of Pediatrics 141 Northwest Point Blvd PO Box 927 Elk Grove Village, IL 60009-0927 The reviews contained in this 1988 to 1989 synopsis were written by 28 Fellows of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Allergy and Immunology and by 5 senior fellows in allergy and immunology who contributed reviews under the aegis of their mentors.

Are We Becoming a Two-Class Society Based on Neonatal Circumcision?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1005
Author(s):  
RICHARD E. NEIBERGER
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Medical Indication ◽  
Class Society ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Neonatal Circumcision

To the Editor.— In 1975, an Ad Hoc Task Force on Circumcision of the American Academy of Pediatrics reported that "there is no absolute medical indication for routine circumcision of the newborn."1 In 1983, both the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology jointly published Guidelines to Perinatal Care in which routine neonatal circumcision was discouraged.2 Since 1983, many public tax-supported hospitals simply stopped performing neonatal circumcision. Circumcision is no longer an option at many major public hospitals.

ERRATA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-761
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Expert Advice ◽  
Us Army ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Tenfold Increase ◽  
Army Hospitals ◽  
Tract Infections

In the American Academy of Pediatrics' "Report of the Task Force on Circumcision" (Pediatrics. 1989;84:388-391), on page 389, "Urinary Tract Infections," the second sentence should read: "Beginning in 1985, studies conducted at US Army hospitals involving more than 200 000 infant boys [not men] showed a greater than tenfold increase in urinary tract infections in uncircumcised compared with circumcised male infants;. . . ." In addition, the Task Force wishes to acknowledge the following for their provision of expert advice: David T. Mininberg, MD, Urology Section Liaison, Jerome O Klein, MD, and Edward A Mortimer, Jr, MD.

Directory of Overseas Service Opportunities for Pediatricians

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Edgar O. Ledbetter
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Service Organization ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
International Child

The following directory contains more than 80 organizations that recruit US pediatricians for both long- and short-term service opportunities overseas. This list was compiled by the staff of the Task Force on International Child Health of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Facts concerning each program were obtained through correspondence and telephone interviews with organization representatives. We have tried to make the list as complete and current as possible. Anyone knowing of a service organization that has been omitted is encouraged to supply the necessary information to:

Residency Training and Continuing Medical Education in School Health

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-496
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Graduate Medical Education ◽  
Continuing Medical Education ◽  
School Health ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Graduate Medical ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics

Children between the ages of 5 and 18 spend a significant amount of their time in school. School health is a vital part of pediatric practice and an important concern for pediatric graduate medical education. There are few substantiated data, however, to suggest that residents entering pediatric practice or academic medicine are exposed to school health in a significant way. Many pediatricians, upon entering practice, find that they are consulted by school systems and parents whose children have problems related to school. Pediatricians find themselves unprepared for this new role and express the need for postgraduate education in school health.1-4 The American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Pediatric Education5 and the most recent report from the Pediatric Residency Review Committee have both underscored the appropriateness and importance of education in school health as an important part of the residency curriculum.6 The American Academy of Pediatrics believes that education in school health should be an important part of graduate medical education for pediatric residents and of continuing medical education for practicing pediatricians. Many advances in pediatrics that affect the well-being of the child relate directly to the school setting. Increased attention to federal legislation (Section 504 of PL 93-112, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; parts B and H of PL 102-119, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act), health education including education about the prevention of drug and alcohol abuse and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, new approaches to screening and health services in the schools, immunization requirements, physical fitness, and knowledge about the school environment—all are important aspects of school health and areas in which many residents and/or pediatricians have had little or no training or experience.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document