Development of dairy cattle breeding in the Tambov region

The article shows that dairy farming is one of the most dynamically developing branches of agriculture, existing under the influence of internal and external environments, defined as: compliance with the breed standard, medical standards for milk consumption, increased investment in the industry, its resource potential. On the basis of a retrospective analysis, the evolution of technological structures in dairy cattle breeding in Russia is considered: pre-industrial, collective farming with agricultural mechanization, industrial, intensive technocratic, biotechnological. In addition, on the basis of the organizational and economic analysis of dairy cattle breeding in the Tambov region, the trends of its functioning have been determined: a decrease in the self-sufficiency of the region’s population with milk and dairy products; destructuring of the production sector with an increase in the share of enterprises with low-intensity and extensive milk production; low intensity of reproduction of a herd of cattle; a wide variety of breed composition of dairy cattle. It was found that agricultural enterprises of the region, as a rule, specializing in the development of dairy cattle breeding, choose the direction of organizing a purebred herd with standardized exterior features. This is a fundamentally different way of breeding work from all-Russian trends. On the basis of the research carried out, the priority directions of the development of dairy cattle breeding in an innovation-oriented context are substantiated.

Regulation of Triage in Times of a Pandemic: Experiences from Slovenia (and Beyond)

The article offers an overview of legal regulations governing (medical) triage in Slovenia and their importance in times of the Covid-19 epidemic. Focusing on the Patients’ Rights, Health Care and Health Insurance, Medical Services, and Health Services Act, it looks at ways in which legal rules and medical standards intertwine when it comes to deciding who should receive particular limited medical treatment first or in what order. It also deals with ways in which professional rules of conduct or medical standards may, on the one hand, exclude the unlawfulness of particular conduct, and how, on the other hand, law may limit the autonomy of medical practitioners. Both the autonomy in their professional conduct as well as healthcare providers’, but especially professional organizations’ law-making autonomy. Even if grounded in the Slovenian legal order, the present article by nature surpasses its domestic boundaries, since the Covid-19 epidemic created similar issues in several if not in all European jurisdictions. Even more so, since the article addresses several general challenges concerning triage in times or moments of crisis, such as state’s positive obligations, recognition of patients’ private autonomy, medical treatment abroad, ethical deliberations concerning a just distribution of scarce medical services, etc.

DETERMINATION OF THE NUMBER OF NURSES FOR HOSPITAL AID IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA

The nurses in the Republic of Bulgaria addressed a number of official demands to the Ministry of Health, one of them was to work out a long-term strategy for the development of standards, including detailed minimal requirements for the number of staff for both hospital, and outpatient care. Objectives: The goal of the current report is a summary of the regulatory documents, concerning the number of nurses in the Republic of Bulgaria, in context of the global practices. Methods: Current medical standards in the Republic of Bulgaria are being taken into account, and methods for determining the number of nurses in other countries. Results: In the period between November and December 2020, within the public consultations for projects of different Regulations for approval of medical standards, the proposed and developed methods by the Bulgarian association of health professionals in nursing to be included in the standards, which concern calculating the necessary staff of nurses, was not admitted for inclusion in any of those standards. Conclusions: Until now, the number of active nurses in the Republic of Bulgaria in all active medical standards is calculated either on the basis of doctors (not patients), or it’s pointed out that the methods of calculating the sufficient number of nurses may be applied. It should be noted that the International Council of Nurses, actually does not recommend universal methods for all countries worldwide.

Feature Fusion Based on Convolutional Neural Network for Breast Cancer Auxiliary Diagnosis

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in many countries. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. Especially in remote areas with low medical standards, the diagnosis efficiency of breast cancer is extremely low due to insufficient medical facilities and doctors. Therefore, in-depth research on how to improve the diagnosis rate of breast cancer has become a hot spot. With the development of society and science, people use artificial intelligence to improve the auxiliary diagnosis of diseases in the existing medical system, which can become a solution for detecting and accurately diagnosing breast cancer. The paper proposes an auxiliary diagnosis model that uses deep learning in view of the low rate of human diagnosis by doctors in remote areas. The model uses classic convolutional neural networks, including VGG16, InceptionV3, and ResNet50 to extract breast cancer image features, then merge these features, and finally train the model VIRNets for auxiliary diagnosis. Experimental results prove that for the recognition of benign and malignant breast cancer pathological images under different magnifications, VIRNets have a high generalization and strong robustness, and their accuracy is better than their basic network and other structures of the network. Therefore, the solution provides a certain practical value for assisting doctors in the diagnosis of breast cancer in real scenes.

Application of telemedicine in the COVID-19 epidemic: An analysis of Gansu Province in China

This paper analyzes the application of various telemedicine services in Gansu Province, China during the COVID-19 epidemic, and summarizes the experiences with these services. In addition, the satisfaction levels of patients and doctors with the application of telemedicine in COVID-19 were investigated, the deficiencies of telemedicine in Gansu were determined, and recommendations for modification were proposed. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has broken out in China, and Gansu Province in Northwest of China has not been spared. To date, there are 91 local COVID-19 cases and 42 imported cases. 109 hospitals were selected as designated hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak, and most of them were secondary hospitals. However, it was unsatisfactory that the ability of medical services is relatively low in most of secondary hospitals and primary hospitals. Therefore, we helped the secondary hospitals cope with COVID-19 by means of remote consultation, long-distance education, telemedicine question and answer (Q&A). Our practical experience shows that telemedicine can be widely used during the COVID-19 epidemic, especially in developing countries and areas with lagging medical standards.

A retrospective study on causes of unsafe abortions in referred patients, at a tertiary care centre in western Uttar Pradesh

Background: Unsafe abortions occur when pregnancy is terminated by unqualified person or in an environment that do not conform to minimal medical standards or both. The aim of this study was to analyse the causes in referred patients of unsafe abortions, methods used and complications with which patients were admitted.Methods: A retrospective observational study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SIMS Hapur Uttar Pradesh, India from 1stJune 2019 to 29thFebruary 2020. Data was collected from previous hospital records. Total 150 women aged between 18-40 years, admitted with complications of unsafe abortions and who had taken advice for termination outside our institute, were included. The demographic profile, detailed history, first contact person for abortion advice, abortion service provider, method of termination and prior ultrasound were noted. Exclusion criteria was period of gestation more than 20 weeks and spontaneous abortions.Results: The study showed 92% contacted unqualified person, out of which 22.5%were uncertified doctors, 30.4% ANM’s, 16.7% Nurses, 12.3% consulted quacks and 10.9% Chemists. Among the abortion service providers 23.6% were uncertified doctors, 45.7% Chemists, 15% Nurses, 5.7% Quacks, 3.6% ANM’s and 6.4% had taken self-medication. Prior ultrasound was done in 28% cases. Method of termination was medical in 78.7% and surgical in 21.3% cases. Period of gestation was <8 weeks in 69.3%, 8-12 weeks in 27.3%, 12-16 weeks in 2%. 37.3% had parity 2 and 55.3% were Hindus.Conclusions: Despite availability of safe abortion services, unsafe abortion practices are still prevalent. Approved MTP centres, skilled and certified abortion providers must be easily accessible to women even in rural areas to safeguard their health.

Genomic Modules and Intramodular Network Convergency of Susceptibility and Resilience in Multimodeled Stress in Male Mice

The multifactorial etiology of stress-related disorders is a challenge in developing synchronized medical standards for treatment and diagnosis. It is largely unknown whether there exists molecular convergence in preclinical models of stress generated using disparate construct validity. Using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), we investigated the genomic signatures in the ventral hippocampus, which mostly regulates affective behavior, in mouse models that recapitulate the hallmarks of anxiety and depression. Chronic oral corticosterone (CORT), a model that causes a blunted endocrine response to stress, induced anxiety- and depression-like behavior in wildtype mice and mice heterozygous for the gene coding for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met, a variant associated with genetic susceptibility to stress. In a separate set of mice, chronic social defeat stress led to a susceptible or a resilient population, whose proportion was dependent on housing conditions, standard housing or enriched environment. A rank-rank-hypergeometric (RRHO) analysis of the RNA-seq data set across models demonstrated that in mice treated with CORT and susceptible mice raised in standard housing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) converged toward gene networks involved in similar biological functions. Weighted gene co-expression analysis generated 54 unique modules of interconnected gene hubs, two of which included a combination of all experimental groups and were significantly enriched in DEGs, whose function was consistent with that predicted in the RRHO GO analysis. This multimodel approach showed transcriptional synchrony between models of stress with hormonal, environmental or genetic construct validity shedding light on common genomic drivers that embody the multifaceted nature of stress-related disorders.

Complex estimation of mitochondrial changes of immunocompetent blood cells in pregnant women with urgent and premature birth

Inflammation is among the factors promoting development of premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM). Upon the conditions of physiological immune imbalance in pregnancy, inflammation modifies its course and can even change the immune response. Appropriate indexes may be quantitative and functional. We used a marker of mitochondrial membrane potential (MPM, Ay) as an integral index of the functional state of immunocompetent blood cells (IBC) in 159 women who were examined at 8-14 weeks of gestation; they were observed up to 34-36 weeks. Of these cohort, 121 women were referred to a comparison group. The main group (n = 46) consisted of pregnant women with PPROM at the term of 28-33 weeks. The examination was carried out according to current medical standards, with informed consent, being approved by the Ethics committee at the Khabarovsk branch of Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration — Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood Protection. Additionally, MPM and lymphocyte populations were determined by flow cytometry. The degree of disturbed energy supply in the IBC was based on the data of simultaneous determination of lymphocyte, granulocyte and monocyte numbers with reduced MPM values (application for invention No. 2020115963), thus revealing 3 degrees of energy deficiency: 1st degree, monovariant IBC composition with reduced MPM; 2nd degree, bivariant composition, 3rd degree, total changes. A relative and absolute decrease in CD3 (72% vs 78% and 1624 vs 1980), CD8 (28% vs 33% and 651 vs 851), an increase in CD19 (14% vs 9% and 304 vs 219) were revealed in pregnant women with PPROM. When assessing MPM values in the IBC populations, a decreased proportion of women without energy deficiency from the 1st to the 2nd trimester (from 41% to 30%), due to the 3rd degree of energy deficiency (from 17% to 26%) was detected. A shift of affected pools at the 2nd degree of energy deficiency in favor of lymphocytic-granulocytic association (from 7% to 25%) from lymphocytic-monocytic compartment (from 73% to 50%) was found. From the 2nd to 3rd trimester, we have detected redistribution of granulocyte pools at the 1st degree (0 to 8%) and from the lymphocytic-granulocytic association (25% and 5%) to monocytic-granulocytic (25% and 40%). In the group with PPROM, there was a decreased proportion of pregnant women without energy deficiency (13% and 27%), as well as with the 1st and 2nd degrees (17% vs 31% and 9% vs 17%), due to the 3rd degree of energy deficiency (61% and 26 %), relative to the comparison group. The IBC pools of in the main group were redistributed at the 1st degree in favor of granulocytes (25% and 8%), at the 2nd, in favor of the lymphocytic-monocytic association (100% and 55%) from the granulocytic-monocytic (0% and 40%). Such imbalance of bioenergetic processes in the IBC can be an important factor of pathologically ongoing inflammation. These changes could be caused by both higher incidence of infections in such patients and by alloimmune interactions between mother and fetus. However, they may also determine the pathological course of inflammation. Preterm birth, which is usually caused by PPROM, is a multifactorial pathological condition. However, independent on specific triggers, the changes in energy supply of IBC, at least, may serve as a significant biomarker of probability for this disorder.

The Psychological Situation of Young Women With Abortion

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), unsafe abortion due to unwanted pregnancy, performed by someone who does not have the skills or does not meet medical standards has an adverse effect on the physical and psychological health of adolescent women. Psychological problems can also occur in adolescent women who have unsafe abortions such as psychological disorders in the form of depression and anxiety. Method: In reviewing the article using the Arksey and O'Malley methods. Overall, the researchers showed that unsafe adolescent abortion practices significantly affected adolescent psychology after having an abortion. The majority of young women experience psychological problems after having had an illegal abortion.