scholarly journals The colour phases of the European red squirrel in Ukraine: Similarities and differences by craniometric characters

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Zizda
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Space ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Sciurus Vulgaris ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Coefficient Of Divergence ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Different Altitudes

The different colour phases of the European red squirrel occuring in Ukraine were analysed in a morphological context. They are indicated in the literature as different subspecies of Sciurus vulgaris L. and described only based on their coat colouration. In Ukraine, at least three colour phases occur: dark (black and brown), red, and light red, which in natural habitats occur separately from one another. These phases co-occur in human settlements and at different altitudes, in particular at the boundary of the lowland and piedmont zones and of piedmont and mountainbelts. The aim of the present study was to find some other morphological differences between the red squirrel’s phases in Ukraine beyond their coat colouration and to reveal the possible interaction between colouration and morphological variation of the squirrels. Eighteen craniometric and four external characters were measured and analysed. Results have shown that the squirrel’s colour phases differ among themselves by some characters, although the most visible differences were revealed when all measurents were analysed together. It has been revealed that the three colour phases are stabilized types (populations) manifested in a multidimensional space as different populations with minimal overlap (up to 10%). The population of dark squirrels in Ukraine is morphologically the most distant from the light red phase and less so from the red one. The dark phase significantly differs from the red phase by 9 of 18 craniometric characters with Mayr’s coefficient of divergence (CDmin = 0.62, CDmax = 0.96). The dark phase significantly differs from the light red phase by two craniometric characters according to ANOVA, but only by one character according to Mayr’scoefficient of divergence (CD = 0.96). The red and light red phases significantly differ by four parameters having CDmin = 0.64 and CDmax = 0.76. The geographically transitional red phase is morphologically intermediate according to the results of discriminant analysis.

scholarly journals Enamel ultrastructure of lower molars of the red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris (Mammalia, Rodentia) from different populations in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (17) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Leonid I. Rekovets ◽  
◽  
Oleksandr M. Kovalchuk ◽  
Vitalii I. Demeshkant ◽  
Liudmila S. Shevchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Sciurus Vulgaris ◽  
Different Populations

scholarly journals Interference in Native and Non-Native Sentence Processing

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
IAN CUNNINGS
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
L2 Processing ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
L1 And L2

The primary aim of my target article was to demonstrate how careful consideration of the working memory operations that underlie successful language comprehension is crucial to our understanding of the similarities and differences between native (L1) and non-native (L2) sentence processing. My central claims were that highly proficient L2 speakers construct similarly specified syntactic parses as L1 speakers, and that differences between L1 and L2 processing can be characterised in terms of L2 speakers being more prone to interference during memory retrieval operations. In explaining L1/L2 differences in this way, I argued a primary source of differences between L1 and L2 processing lies in how different populations of speakers weight cues that guide memory retrieval.

Managed parks as a refuge for the threatened red squirrel ( Sciurus vulgaris ) in light of human disturbance

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Haigh ◽  
Fidelma Butler ◽  
Ruth O'Riordan ◽  
Rupert Palme
Keyword(s):  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Sciurus Vulgaris

Growth, Development, and Morphological Differences among Native and Nonnative Prickly Nightshades (Solanum spp.) of the Southeastern United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles T. Bryson ◽  
Krishna N. Reddy ◽  
John D. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Solanum Torvum ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
Solanum Mammosum ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Morphological Differences

Prickly nightshades are troublesome weeds of natural habitats, pastures, feedlots, right-of-ways, and croplands. Native and nonnative invasive weedy species of prickly nightshades were compared to determine growth, development, and morphological differences. Six (Solanum bahamense, Solanum capsicoides, Solanum carolinense, Solanum dimidiatum, Solanum donianum, and Solanum pumilum) of the 18 species of prickly nightshades studied are native to the US. Two species, Solanum citrullifolium and Solanum rostratum, are annuals; the others are perennials or are short lived perennials or annuals in northern extremes of their range in North America. Tables were developed from new and existing data to differentiate vegetative and reproductive characteristics among 18 species of prickly nightshade found in the southeastern US. In greenhouse experiments, average plant height ranged from 24 and 26 cm (9.45 and 10.24 inch) for S. carolinense and Solanum jamaicense, respectively, to 100 and 105 cm for Solanum tampicense and Solanum sisymbriifolium, respectively at 10 wk after emergence (WAE). By 10 WAE, the average number of leaves per plant ranged from < 10 for S. carolinense and Solanum torvum to > 40 leaves/plant for S. rostratum and S. dimidiatum. Average number of nodes/plant main stem ranged from 11, 12, and 14 nodes in S. jamaicense, S. torvum, and S. carolinense, respectively, to 54 nodes in S. rostratum. Average plant dry weights were collected at 10 WAE and were greatest for Solanum mammosum and (> 17 g/plant) (0.6001 oz/plant) and least for S. carolinense (1 g/plant). Based on these data, nightshade growth rate and dry weight were variable among some species and variability may be a result of phenology and life cycles, annual or perennial. Plants of S. rostratum, an annual, were relatively tall and produced high number of nodes and leaves and had the shortest period from emergence to flower among the prickly nightshades evaluated.

scholarly journals Loss of Octarepeats in Two Processed Prion Pseudogenes in the Red Squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris

2010 ◽  
Vol 71 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 356-363
Author(s):  
Ole Madsen ◽  
Timothy T. Kortum ◽  
Marlinda Hupkes ◽  
Wouter Kohlen ◽  
Teun van Rheede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Sciurus Vulgaris

scholarly journals ESTUDIO MORFOLÓGICO DEL PTERION Y ASTERION EN CRÁNEOS ADULTOS MEXICANOS. Estudio morfológico del pterion y asterion en cráneos adultos mexicanos

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Morales Ávalos ◽  
Mario v Aguilar Alvarado ◽  
Rodrigo E Elizondo Omaña ◽  
Santos Guzmán López
Keyword(s):  
Physical Anthropology ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Mastoid Process ◽  
Posterior Edge ◽  
Mandibular Fossa ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Mexican Adults ◽  
Morphological Differences

Introducción. El pterion y asterion son puntos craneométricos de confluencia sutural observables en una vista lateral del cráneo, ambos representan puntos de referencia y/o acceso dentro del campo de la neurocirugía así como puntos de importancia dentro de la antropología física y medicina legal por sus diferencias morfológicas entre las diferentes poblaciones. Materiales y Métodos. Se examinaron ochenta y cinco cráneos secos de adultos mexicanos bilateralmente, se obtuvieron las distancias promedio entre el centro del pterion y el borde posterior de la sutura frontocigomática, borde superior del arco cigomático, base de la fosa mandibular, vértice de la apófisis mastoides y el centro del asterion. Resultados. Se identificaron cuatro tipos de pterion: esfenoparietal (90%), estellar (4.12%), epiptérico (3.53%) y frontotemporal (2.35%). Se identificaron dos tipos de asterion: tipo 1 (7.06%) y  tipo 2 (92.94%). Conclu-siones. Los resultados obtenidos en la morfología sutural de ambos puntos y los resultados de las mediciones son de importancia para el abordaje neuroquirúrgico del cráneo, patólogos forenses y antropólogos.  Introduction. Pterion and asterion are craniometrical landmarks of sutural confluence observable in a lateral view of the skull. Both represent points of reference and/or access in the field of neurosurgery, and are aspects of importance in disciplines such as physical anthropology and legal medicine for the morphological differences between the different populations. Materials and Methods. Examinations were conducted bilaterally in 85 (eighty five) dry skulls from Mexican adults. The average distances were obtained from the center of the pterion to the following landmarks: posterior edge of the frontozygomatic suture, superior edge of the zygomatic arch, base of the mandibular fossa, vertex of the mastoid process and the center of the asterion. Results. Four types of pterion were identified: sphenoparietal (90%), stellar (4.12%), epipteric (3.53%) and frontotemporal (2.35%). Two types of asterion were identified: type 1 (7.06%) and type 2 (92.94%). Conclusions. The results obtained in the analysis of the sutural morphology of both landmarks and the results of the measurements are of importance for the neurosurgical access of the skull, and are as well relevant to forensic pathologists and anthropologists.

Natural Infection of a European Red Squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) with Francisella tularensis subsp. Holarctica

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone R. R. Pisano ◽  
Sonja Kittl ◽  
Ulrike Eulenberger ◽  
Joerg Jores ◽  
Francesco C. Origgi
Keyword(s):  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Sciurus Vulgaris ◽  
Tularensis Subsp

A novel dicistrovirus in a captive red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris)

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Dastjerdi ◽  
David J. Everest ◽  
Hannah Davies ◽  
Daniela Denk ◽  
Roland Zell
Keyword(s):  
Genome Organization ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Sciurus Vulgaris ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
The Family ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Dicistroviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses in the family Dicistroviridae. The viruses have mainly been detected in arthropods and are the cause of several devastating diseases in many of these species such as honeybees. Increasingly, dicistroviruses have also been detected in both mammalian and avian species in faeces, blood and liver, but with unconfirmed pathology. Here, we report a novel dicistrovirus detected in the intestinal content of a captive red squirrel with enteritis along with the disease history, pathology and genomic characterisation of the virus. Virus particle morphology resembled those of picornaviruses with a diameter of 28–32 nm but failed to be detected using a mammalian/avian pan viral microarray. Next-generation sequencing confirmed a dicistrovirus having a typical dicistrovirus genome organization, but with the polyprotein 1 being shorter by about 100 amino acids, compared to that of other dicistroviruses. Phylogenetic analysis of ORF1 and ORF2 sequences clustered the virus with two yet unassigned dicistroviruses detected in Gorilla gorilla and a freshwater arthropod and likely to be designated to a new genus. Our data further highlights the ever-growing diversity of dicistroviruses, but the clinical significance of the virus in mammalian species and particularly red squirrels has yet to be established.

scholarly journals The spinal nerves that constitute the brachial plexus in the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris)

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Sciurus Vulgaris ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
Spinal Nerves

The brachial plexus in adult red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) was found to be formed by the rami ventralis of C5, C6, C7, C8. A thin branch of C5 and C6 constituted the cranial trunk, and the caudal trunk was formed completely by the rami ventralis of C7 and C8. Thus, in squirrels, the spinal nerves which form the brachial plexus and the joining of these spinal nerves to each other differ from other rodents and mammals.

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