scholarly journals Abundancia, tamaño y estructura poblacional del tiburón punta blanca de arrecife, Triaenodon obesus (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae), en Bahía Chatham, Parque Nacional Isla del Coco, Costa Rica

2017 ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
Ilena Zanella ◽  
Andrés López-Garro ◽  
Geiner Golfín-Duarte ◽  
Joel C. Sáenz
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
National Park ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Sphyrna Lewini ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Triaenodon Obesus

Abundance, size and population structure of whitetip reef sharks, Triaenodon obesus (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae), in Bahía Chatham, Parque Nacional Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Approximately 12 species of shark inhabit at Coco Island National Park (PNIC); some are migratory, such as the hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) and whale shark (Rincodon typus), and others are resident, like the whitetip shark (Triaenodon obesus). The whitetip shark is a species related to coral reefs, it inhabits coastal environments and is nocturnal and, it is very common in tropical waters, but there are few studies worldwide. In fact, only short researches have been done about their behavior at PNIC. Therefore, this study aimed to give data about the abundance, size and population structure of the whitetip shark at Chatham Bay in Coco Island National Park, providing baseline information for monitoring its population which is also very vulnerable to climate change. In order to accomplish this aim, a mark-recapture method was used, as well as underwater visual counts to determine their relative abundance and visual recaptures at Chatham Bay. The most effective hours for tagging were between 18:00 and 22:00 (sunset), when the whitetip sharks were more active probably related to foraging behavior. In addition, the depth was a relevant factor for tagging, sharks were caught in shallow water (10.9±1.9m). This species prefers to feed in shallow water and this behavior is probably related to the distribution and occurrence of rock and coral reefs in Chatham Bay. Based on the results, whitetip shark do not have a defined spatial ontogenic segregation, since in the same sites both juveniles and adults were found. The study confirmed that whitetip shark use specific residence sites: during the tagging trips, different individuals were recaptured; and during the underwater counts, at least 32.76% of tagged sharks were observed. The average length of the tagged sharks was 101.8±12.1cm (130.0cm maximum and 71.0cm minimum). The relative abundance of the whitetip shark in Chatham Bay observed was estimated on 49.5±10.4 sharks/hour. Furthermore, using the recapture data obtained during the night tagging expeditions, a population of 408 (IC = 181-1050) sharks was estimated. Citation: Zanella, I., A. López-Garro, G. Golfín-Duarte & J.C. Sáenz. 2012. Biología del tiburón punta blanca de arrecife, Triaenodon obesus (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae), en Bahía Chatham, Parque Nacional Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60 (Suppl. 3): 339-346. Epub 2012 Dec 01.

scholarly journals Spatial analysis of coral reefs and its degradation patterns in Bunaken National Park

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Nafil Rabbani Attamimi ◽  
Ratna Saraswati
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Observation Process ◽  
Healthy Coral

This article will analyze the spatial pattern as well as the degradation pattern of the coral reefs in the Bunaken National Park. Bunaken National Park is a marine national park located in the Province of North Sulawesi; the park was built as means of conservation as well as providing a region for tourism. The national park contains a different type of marine and land ecosystem, one of the many types of the ecosystem that are in the national park is coral reefs. Coral reefs in Bunaken National Park provides different kinds of function and benefits whether for the marine habitats that live around the ecosystem, as well as for the local people who live in the islands of the national park. Remote sensing could be used as a tool to identify the spatial pattern and the type of ecosystem that habits inside shallow sea water. The main issue with this method is that the research cannot be conduct directly to identify which type of ecosystem specifically (such as coral reefs, seagrass, etc.), as well as its condition. Therefore, data collecting is necessary to observe and identify the ecosystem and its condition specifically. This study uses satellite image from Landsat 8 OLI as the main secondary data to be processed. The satellite image will be processed by using an algorithm of shallow water analysis that was introduced by Lyzenga in 1981. Since data verification and data observation is needed for this study, the research observes the pattern of the different type of ecosystem and its condition that spreads around Bunaken National Park. The verification and observation process was done by GPS, there were 250 different samples from the data that were collected around the Bunaken National Park. The sample that was collected in the study area will be used to classify the satellite image that has been processed by shallow water algorithm, on which could identify: seagrass, bleached coral reefs, deceased coral reefs, and healthy coral reefs around the national park. The results of this study show the spatial pattern of the coral reefs is located usually around the islands in the Bunaken National Park. The results show that the coral reefs are mostly located around the islands in the National Park. The map results show that the healthy coral reefs are usually located in the outermost layer around the shallow water ecosystem. The bleached reefs are usually located in the middle section of the shallow water, between the healthy coral and the islands itself. Most of the reefs that died and bleached are in the southwest of Bunaken Island, and the northwest of Nain Island.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Berry Creek-Owl Creek Cutthroat Trout Fishery in Grand Teton National Park

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Wayne Hubert
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Life History ◽  
National Park ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Fishing Pressure ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Wild Trout ◽  
Trout Fishery ◽  
Salmo Clarki

Little is known about the wild cutthroat trout fishery of Berry Creek and Owl Creek located in Grand Teton National Park. No baseline information has been gathered on fishing pressure, harvest, population structure or life history characteristics for stocks from either stream. The creeks have a reputation for quality cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) fishing. Wild trout fisheries are highly susceptible to over-harvest and relatively little fishing pressure can cause stock composition to be dominated by subcatchable-sized fish.

scholarly journals Distribution of shallow water soft and hard bottom seabeds in the Isla del Coco National Park, Pacific Costa Rica

2017 ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Sibaja-Cordero ◽  
Jesús S. Troncoso ◽  
Catalina Benavides-Varela ◽  
Jorge Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
National Park ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Gis Applications ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Clastic Sediments ◽  
Coarse Grains ◽  
Hard Substrates

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications used in marine habitats are powerful tools for management and monitoring of marine reserves and resources. Here, we present a series of maps of the soft and hard substrates in the shallow waters (>80 m depth) of Parque Nacional Isla del Coco (PNIC= Isla del Coco National Park). We use bathymetry data and field data as input for a GIS, GAM, and kriging methods to generate a series of maps that describe the bottom characteristics. Eight types of bottom were found in the PNIC by composition and grain size. The shore of the island and islets consisted of rocky formations (mainly basalts), with coral reefs in the subtidal of some areas. Rhodolith beds had a dispersing distribution. The bottom on the southern and southwestern region is hard substrate, while sediments cover the northern and northeastern zones. Slightly gravelly sand dominated the bays, while gravelly sand (with more coarse grains) was frequent offshore. The inner areas of Chatham and Wafer bays have mud and organic matter. The sediments in the area are mostly carbonates, except in Bahía Yglesias where clastic sediments (from the erosion of basalts) are presented. The information generated in this study could be a valuable input for future monitoring in the PNIC. Citation: Sibaja-Cordero, J.A., J.S. Troncoso, C. Benavides-Varela & J. Cortés. 2012. Shallow water soft and hard bottoms of Isla del Coco National Park, Pacific Costa Rica. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60 (Suppl. 3): 53-66. Epub 2012 Dec 01.

scholarly journals Wildlife Diversity and Relative Abundance among a Variety of Adjacent Protected Areas in the Northern Talamanca Mountains of Costa Rica

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Sáenz-Bolaños ◽  
Todd K. Fuller ◽  
Eduardo Carrillo J.
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
National Park ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Indigenous Territories

Protected areas are intended to achieve the long-term conservation of nature, but not all such areas are equal in their effectiveness because of their varying regulation of human activities. In Costa Rica, we assessed mammal and bird species presence and relative abundance in three protected areas in the northern Talamanca Mountains. In this humid tropical forest area, we placed camera traps in an adjacent national park, forest reserve, and indigenous territories, each with a different mix of human activities. In 10,120 trap nights, we obtained 6181 independent photos of mostly mammals (34 species other than humans) and birds (34 species). Species with greater abundance or only occurrence in the national park were mammals and birds commonly hunted outside of the park, large carnivores rarely documented in other areas, and poachers. Species found more often outside of the park were medium-sized mammals, some birds, and domestic mammals. We conclude that even in the same ecological area, varying regulations related to type of protected area have significant effects on some mammal and bird species abundances and occurrences, and thus need to be considered when assessing the overall effectiveness of protection as a conservation strategy.

scholarly journals The shallow-water fish assemblage of Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica: structure and patterns in an isolated, predator-dominated ecosystem

2017 ◽  
pp. 321-338
Author(s):  
Alan M. Friedlander ◽  
Brian J. Zgliczynski ◽  
Enric Ballesteros ◽  
Octavio Aburto-Oropeza ◽  
Allan Bolaños ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
National Park ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Eastern Tropical Pacific ◽  
Water Fish

Fishes at Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica, were surveyed as part of a larger scientific expedition to the area in September 2009. The average total biomass of nearshore fishes was 7.8 tonnes per ha, among the largest observed in the tropics, with apex predators such as sharks, jacks, and groupers accounting for nearly 40% of the total biomass. The abundance of reef and pelagic sharks, particularly large aggregations of threatened species such as the scalloped hammerhead shark (up to 42 hammerheads ha-1) and large schools of jacks and snappers show the capacity for high biomass in unfished ecosystems in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. However, the abundance of hammerhead and reef whitetip sharks appears to have been declining since the late 1990s, and likely causes may include increasing fishing pressure on sharks in the region and illegal fishing inside the Park. One Galapagos shark tagged on September 20, 2009 in the Isla del Coco National Park moved 255km southeast towards Malpelo Island in Colombia, when it stopped transmitting. These results contribute to the evidence that sharks conduct large-scale movements between marine protected areas (Isla del Coco, Malpelo, Galápagos) in the Eastern tropical Pacific and emphasize the need for regional-scale management. More than half of the species and 90% of the individuals observed were endemic to the tropical eastern Pacific. These high biomass and endemicity values highlight the uniqueness of the fish assemblage at Isla del Coco and its importance as a global biodiversity hotspot. Citation: Friedlander, A., B.J. Zgliczynski, E. Ballesteros, O. Aburto-Oropeza, A. Bolaños & E. Sala. 2012. The shallow-water fish assemblage of Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica: structure and patterns in an isolated, predator-dominated ecosystem. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60 (Suppl. 3): 321-338. Epub 2012 Dec 01.

AEROBIC BACTERIAL FLORA OF NESTING GREEN TURTLES (CHELONIA MYDAS) FROM TORTUGUERO NATIONAL PARK, COSTA RICA

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Santoro ◽  
Giovanna Hernández ◽  
Magaly Caballero ◽  
Fernando García
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
National Park ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Green Turtles

Tidal fish connectivity of reef and sea grass habitats in the Indo-Pacific

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1287-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K.F. Unsworth ◽  
James J. Bell ◽  
David J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Subsistence Fisheries ◽  
Tidal State ◽  
Sea Grass ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Tidal Changes ◽  
Near Shore

The present study considered the influence of the tide on shallow water fish assemblages within the Wakatobi Marine National Park, Indonesia. Timed underwater visual observations were made across a gradient of intertidal to subtidal habitats from near-shore to reef crest at different tidal heights. Transient fish were found to dominate shallow water fish assemblages and the assemblage composition varied with tidal state. Fish assemblages were more diverse and abundant at higher tides in both coral and sea grass habitats, however, this was more pronounced within sea grass habitats. A tidal reduction from ≈2.0m to ≈0.8m (above chart datum) corresponded to a 30% reduction in fish abundance, while species richness also significantly decreased from 13.5 to 10.8 species per standardized timed observation. Fifty fish groups were reported from sea grass habitats with the most abundant being from the Engraulidae family and Lethrinus harak, which form important local subsistence fisheries. This research confirms the importance of tidal changes in structuring the fish fauna of Indonesian sea grass habitats and underlines the connectivity that exists between these habitats and nearby coral reefs.

scholarly journals A BIBLIOGRAPHIC AND FIELD RECORD CHRONOLOGY OF SHARKS AT CABO PULMO NATIONAL PARK, GULF OF CALIFORNIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Hector Reyes -Bonilla ◽  
Arturo Ayala -Bocos ◽  
Francisco Javier Fernández -Rivera Melo ◽  
Ronald Zepeta -Vilchis ◽  
Andrea Asúnsolo-Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of California ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sphyrna Lewini

Cronología de tiburones del Parque Nacional Cabo Pulmo, Golfo de California; registros bibliográficos y de campo El arrecife de Cabo Pulmo en el suroeste del Golfo de California, México (23° 26´ N, 109° 25´ W), es considerado una de las áreas protegidas más exitosas del Pacífico americano, ya que durante este siglo han habido aumentos en abundancia y biomasa de peces carnívoros residentes (pargos, cabrillas, jureles, tiburones, etc.). Ello se debe al régimen de no pesca y el buen estado de conservación que le permiten mantener niveles altos de productividad primaria y secundaria. El aumento en el flujo de materia y energía ha provocado la llegada de especies de niveles tróficos altos como los tiburones, los cuales son más frecuentes y representan una atracción turística local. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar una cronología de la aparición de las distintas especies de tiburones en Cabo Pulmo, con base en bibliografia, trabajo de campo y consultas con residentes locales, guías de buceo y especialistas que han visitado la zona en los últimos 15 años. Los resultados muestran que en el arrecife de Cabo Pulmo se han registrado 11 especies de tiburones de 9 géneros y 6 familias; ocho de estas fueron anotadas en diversas fuentes bibliográficas; aquí se cita por primera vez la ocurrencia de tres más (Sphyrna lewini, Gynglymostoma cirratum y Carcharhinus longimanus). La llegada de estas especies a la zona arrecifal pudiera ser indicativo de un buen estado del ecosistema local, por ello es de esperarse que los próximos años se registre un número mayor de especies de tiburones, o de su biomasa.

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