scholarly journals Growth and yield of pomato under the Syrian coastal mountains conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-388
Author(s):  
Alaa Suhiel Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Significant Superiority

Abstract. The world has always been striving to increase and intensify agricultural production, and there are several attempts to acheive that, such as grafting tomato on potato to obtain two crops from one plant. This investigation was conducted during 2020 in open field in Nahl village, Baniyas, Tartous Governorate, Syria. The vegetative and generative growth and yield have been studied for pomato (grafted tomato on potato) and compared to each tomato and potato separately. Tomato plants were significantly superior in plant height to pomato plants after 23 days of planting until the end of the experiment. On the other hand, there were significant differences between tomato plants and pomato plants in the leaf area after 23, 51 and 65 days of planting. Also, tomato plants significantly outperformed pomato plants in the number of flowers and fruits per plant and the tomato fruit set percent. Anyway, tomato plants were significantly superior in the average yield of tomato fruits per plant (1657 g.plant-1) to pomato plants (185 g.plant-1), while there were insignificant differences in the average yield of potato tubers per plant between pomato which failed to produce tubers and potato (48.25 g.plant-1). Studying the tomato fruit fresh weight showed a significant superiority of tomato plants (54.37 g.fruit-1) to pomato plants (35.97 g.fruit-1), while there were insignificant differences in the other physical (tomato fruit height, diameter and shape index) and chemical (tomato fruit content of total acids, total soluble solids and dry matter, %) properties.

scholarly journals Determination of Fertility-Related Traits in Muscadine Grape Population

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1175
Author(s):  
Jiovan Campbell ◽  
Pranavkumar Gajjar ◽  
Ahmed Ismail ◽  
Fariborz Habibi ◽  
Ahmed G. Darwish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Muscadine Grape

In this study, fertility-related traits of 90 muscadine grape genotypes were evaluated. Selected genotypes included 21 standard cultivars, 60 breeding lines, and nine Vitis × Muscadinia hybrids (VM hybrids). The first fruiting bud (FFB), bud fertility (BF), bud fertility coefficient (BFC), number of flowers/flower cluster (N.F/FC), fruit-set efficiency (FSE), number of clusters/vine (N.C/V), and yield/vine (Y/V) traits were evaluated. The FFB trait did not show significant differences among genotypes. The muscadine genotype O28-4-2-2 (1.6 ± 0.2) displayed the FFB closest to the base; however, O17-16-2-1, O18-2-1, and VM A12-10-2 genotypes had the most distant FFB (3.6 ± 0.3). All the other fertility-related traits varied widely among the population. The BF, BFC, N.F/FC, FSE, N.C/V, and Y/V exhibited a range estimated at 35.1%, 81.5%, 259.7, 63.3%, 177 C/V, and 22.3 kg/V, respectively. The muscadine genotypes O42-3-1 (36.7% ± 1.3) and Majesty (34% ± 1.2) exhibited the highest BF; however, the VM A12-10-2 (1.6% ± 0.1) recorded the lowest BF. The VM genotype O15-16-1 (82.8% ± 4.1) displayed the highest BFC; however, the VM A12-10-2 (1.3% ± 0.1) showed the lowest BFC. The muscadine genotypes D7-1-1 (280.3 F/FC ± 21.7) and O17-17-1 (20.7 F/FC ± 5.5) showed the highest and lowest N.F/FC, respectively. The maximum and minimum FSE was observed for the Rosa cultivar (65.7% ± 2.4) and muscadine genotype D7-1-1 (2.4% ± 0.2), respectively. The minimum N.C/V was recorded for VM genotype A12-10-2 (6 C/V ± 0.2) and maximum noted for muscadine genotypes B20-18-2 (183 C/V ± 7.5) and O44-14-1 (176 C/V ± 7.3). Muscadine genotype O23-11-2 (22.6 kg ± 1.1) produced the highest Y/V; however, the lowest yield was recorded for O15-17-1, Fry Seedless, Sugargate, and the VM genotypes and A12-10-2, with an average yield among them estimated at 0.4 kg ± 0.2.

scholarly journals Influence of Bio Fertilizer on Growth and Yield Parameters of Tomato Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Keyword(s):  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Powder Form ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Fruit Powder

Tomato is a major food that has many benefits to human health. The risk of getting disorders such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes can be reduced by consuming tomato. The aim of this study is to measure the nutritional properties of tomato plants using various cultivation methods. On the other hand, this is also comparing which type of fertilizer, either chemical fertilizer or natural fertilizer, is producing better results in planting tomato. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is isolated from the rhizosphere soil using the Pikovskaya medium and Modified Aleksandrow medium. Instead of chemical fertilizer, the efficiency of phosphate solubilize will be evaluated in the presence of eggshells and bones. This study starts with the collection of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil for tomato planting. The land of cultivation for planting well estimated for the growth of tomato. For further investigation, the leaves and fruits obtained from the tomato plants will be dried and ground into powder form. The leaf is used for the estimation of chlorophyll. In contrast, the fruit powder is used for the analysis of antioxidant activity. The result showed that the growth and yield parameters of the plant increases with natural fertilizer compare to chemical fertilizer. This can be concluded that natural fertilizers are more preferable in the agriculture industry as they are environmentally friendly, which does not produce side effects in either the soils or the crops.

Growth and yield of 3 hybrid papayas (Carica papaya L.) under mulched and bare ground conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Elder ◽  
W. N. B. Macleod ◽  
D. J. Reid ◽  
R. L. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Intermediate Time

At Yarwun (151.3˚E, 23.75˚S), Australia, papaya Hybrid 29 yielded twice as much fruit as Hybrid 11 and 30% more than Hybrid 13. The plots mulched with coarse grass hay yielded 50% more fruit than the plots with bare ground. The highest yielding treatment, Hybrid 29 + mulch, averaged the equivalent of 81 t/ha.year over the 16.5-month harvest period. The yields were achieved in spite of inadequate water supply due to drought and the loss of 877 plants from 1441 plant positions (4 plants per position) due to the 3 phytoplasma diseases; dieback, yellow crinkle and mosaic. Hybrid 29 produced higher yields than the other hybrids by flowering early on shorter plants with thicker stems and setting more fruit that commenced lower down on the stem. Hybrid 13 was intermediate in size and the amount of fruit setting between Hybrid 29 and Hybrid 11 but was the slowest to flower and set fruit. Hybrid 11 had the thinnest and tallest stems, flowered at an intermediate time between the other 2 hybrids and produced fewer flowers and fruit resulting in the lowest yield. Mulching increased stem height and thickness, promoted earlier flowering and increased fruit set, yield and average fruit weight

scholarly journals Smoke-water and a Smoke-isolated Butenolide Improve Growth and Yield of Tomatoes under Greenhouse Conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj G. Kulkarni ◽  
Glendon D. Ascough ◽  
Johannes Van Staden
Keyword(s):  
Growth Yield ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Smoke Water

Smoke shows promising results in stimulating germination and vigor. The biologically active butenolide compound isolated from smoke has potential to become a valuable tool in horticulture. ‘Heinz-1370’ tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings showed a positive response to smoke and were therefore tested with smoke-water and butenolide for growth, yield, and nutritional composition. Smoke-water (1:500, by volume) treatment showed the maximum height, number of leaves, and stem thickness from 57 to 78 days after sowing. The percentage of plants with fruit from 85 to 95 days after sowing was much higher with the application of smoke-water and butenolide solution than in the control. The total number of marketable fruit was significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) for smoke-water–treated (1:500, by volume) tomato plants (168) than for the control (124). Butenolide and the lower concentration of smoke-water (1:2000, by volume) yielded more fruit, but was not significantly (P ≥ 0.05) different from the control. In spite of achieving a greater number of fruit, smoke treatments did not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) change the size, weight, and nutritional composition (ascorbic acid, β-carotene, lycopene, and total soluble solids) of fruit. The harvest indices of smoke-water– and butenolide-treated plants significantly improved (P ≤ 0.05), suggesting the possible use of smoke technology for tomato cultivation.

scholarly journals Tomato Growth in Spring-sown Cover Crops

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Mary C. Akemo ◽  
Mark A. Bennett ◽  
Emilie E. Regnier
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Pure and biculture stands of rye `Wheeler' (Secale cereale L.) and field pea (Pisum sativum L.) were established and killed for mulch in Spring 1996, 1997, and 1998, in Columbus, Ohio. Treatments were five rye to pea proportions, each with a high, medium, and low seeding rate. Their effects on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) growth and yield were compared with those of a weedy check; a tilled, nonweeded check; and a tilled, hand-weeded check. Tomato tissue and soil were sampled for nutrient analysis. Number of leaves, branching, height, leaf area, dry weight, rate of flowering and fruit set, and fruit yield of tomato plants varied directly with the proportion of pea in the cover crop and decreased with reduced cover crop seeding rates. In 1997, yields of tomato were as high as 50 MT·ha-1 in the 1 rye: 3 pea cover crop; yield was poorest in the weedy check (0.02 MT·ha-1 in 1996). Most of the cover-cropped plots produced better yields than did the conventionally weeded check. No consistent relationship between levels of macronutrients in tomato leaf and soil samples and the cover crop treatments was established. Spring-sown rye + pea bicultures (with a higher ratio of pea) have a potential for use in tomato production.

scholarly journals Tomato Growth in Spring-sown Cover Crops

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Akemo ◽  
Mark A. Bennett ◽  
Emilie E. Regnier
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Pure and biculture stands of rye `Wheeler' (Secale cereale L.) and field pea (Pisum sativum L.) were established and killed for mulch in Spring 1996, 1997, and 1998, in Columbus, Ohio. Treatments were five rye to pea proportions, each with a high, medium, and low seeding rate. Their effects on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) growth and yield were compared with those of a weedy check; a tilled, nonweeded check; and a tilled, hand-weeded check. Tomato tissue and soil were sampled for nutrient analysis. Number of leaves, branching, height, leaf area, dry weight, rate of flowering and fruit set, and fruit yield of tomato plants varied directly with the proportion of pea in the cover crop and decreased with reduced cover crop seeding rates. In 1997, yields of tomato were as high as 50 MT·ha–1 in the 1 rye: 3 pea cover crop; yield was poorest in the weedy check (0.02 MT·ha–1 in 1996). Most of the cover-cropped plots produced better yields than did the conventionally weeded check. No consistent relationship between levels of macro-nutrients in tomato leaf and soil samples and the cover crop treatments was established. Spring-sown rye + pea bicultures (with a higher ratio of pea) have a potential for use in tomato production.

scholarly journals Scion and Rootstock Differently Influence Growth, Yield and Quality Characteristics of Cherry Tomato

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1725
Author(s):  
Rosario Paolo Mauro ◽  
Michele Agnello ◽  
Andrea Onofri ◽  
Cherubino Leonardi ◽  
Francesco Giuffrida
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Grafting From ◽  
Induced Changes

Grafting is a valuable tool for managing problems of tomato soil-borne pathogens and pests, but often generates unpredictable effects on crop yield and product quality. To observe these rootstocks-induced changes, experimental designs including many rootstock-scion combinations are required. To this end, a greenhouse experiment was conducted on 63 graft combinations, involving seven cherry tomato scions grouped in large, medium and small-fruited, and eight rootstocks with different genetic backgrounds (crosses between Solanum lycopersicum and S. habrochaites or S. peruvianum or S. pimpinellifolium, plus an intraspecific hybrid), using ungrafted controls. The response of the graft partners was firstly analyzed individually using the environmental variance (σ2E), then by grouping them by classes. When analyzed individually, the scion genotype influenced fruit L*, b*, shape index, total soluble solids (TSS) and its ratio with tritatable acidity (TSS/TA), whereas plant growth and yield were unpredictable. After clustering the graft partners, some of these responses were attributable to the imposed classes. The S. habrochaites-derived hybrids maximized plant biomass, unlike the S. pimpinellifolium ones. Both classes reduced fruit biomass in small- and medium-fruited scions (by 11 and 14%, respectively). The S. habrochaites and S. peruvianum hybrids reduced a* and TSS, whereas promoted TA. L-ascorbic acid was reduced by grafting (from −23 to −45%), in the S. pimpinellifolium group too, indicating, even in low vigor rootstocks, a dilution effect worsening this nutraceutical trait of tomatoes.

scholarly journals The effect of pruning systems on yield and fruit quality of grafted tomato

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-251
Author(s):  
Isabel Mourão ◽  
Luis M Brito ◽  
Luisa Moura ◽  
Maria E Ferreira ◽  
Sofia R Costa
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Cotyledonary Nodes ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Number Of Stems

Abstract Vegetable grafting is an increasingly used crop management strategy that aims to prevent soilborne biotic and abiotic stresses. For tomato crops, the number of stems per grafted plant determines planting density and crop exposure to sunlight. The effects of pruning grafted plants on yield and fruit quality have not been established, and this information is crucial to support decision-making by growers. A greenhouse experiment was run in the spring/summer season in the NW Portugal to assess the yield and quality parameters for grafted tomato plants (cv. Vinicio grafted onto Multifort rootstock) pruned to 2, 3 and 4 stems developed from the plant first nodes, or pruned to 2 stems developed from cotyledonary nodes, according to common practice. Total yield was significantly increased for the double-stemmed tomato plants, irrespectively of node origin (average yield 26.5 kg/m2), as compared to the 3- and 4-stemmed plants (average yield 19.5 kg/m2). These results can be explained by root system limitations to uptake water and nutrients coupled with the stronger competition between stems for the 3- and 4-stemmed plants. Fruit quality assessed through firmness (1.0 kg/cm2), soluble solids (5.1°Brix), acidity (1.0 g/100 g fresh weight), pH (4.4) and dry mater content (4.9%) was not affected by pruning systems. The greater yield obtained from double-stemmed plants offsets the increased planting and seedlings costs of using grafted tomato plants, particularly so for double-stemmed plants grown from first nodes, as they do not require intensive nursery care and are therefore less costly than those grown from cotyledonary nodes.

scholarly journals Nitrate/ammonium ratio effect on the growth, yield and foliar anatomy of grafted tomato plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Armando Hernández Pérez ◽  
Juana Cruz García Santiago ◽  
Valentin Robledo Torres ◽  
Alonso Méndez López ◽  
Alberto Sandoval Rangel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Experimental Block

The vigorous behaviour of a rootstock modifies the growth and yield of a plant variety or hybrid, altering the plant nutritional requirements. The purpose of this work was to study four ratios of NO3–/NH4+ (100/0, 92/8, 85/15 and 80/20%) over the growth, leaf anatomy and yield of grafted and ungrafted tomato plants. We used a fully randomised experimental block design with factorial arrangement of 2 × 4 (grafted and ungrafted plants and four ratios of NO3–/NH4+), on eight treatments in total with four replicates each, using Tukey’s mean comparison test (P ≤ 0.05). The rootstock was ‘Silex’ by Fito Seeds, with the ‘El Arrojado’ graft (variety) by Gene Seeds. The graft produced an increase in growth, dry biomass production, stomatal density, trichome number, epidermal cell density, fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit size and total soluble solids, in comparison with the ungrafted tomato plants. In most of the assessed variables, the grafted tomato plants gave their best response at an 85/15% NO3–/NH4+ ratio; while the ungrafted plants performed better at a 92/8% NO3–/NH4+ ratio. The response of the grafted plants to the different NO3–/NH4+ ratios suggests that grafting induces tolerance to NH4+.

scholarly journals Expression of a Chimeric Tobacco Peroxidase Gene in Transgenic Tomato Plants

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 1012-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mark Lagrimini ◽  
Jill Vaughn ◽  
John Finer ◽  
Karen Klotz ◽  
Patrick Rubaihayo
Keyword(s):  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Foreign Gene ◽  
Peroxidase Isoenzyme ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Anionic Peroxidase ◽  
Peroxidase Gene ◽  
Tobacco Peroxidase

Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. OH 7814) were transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens with a chimeric tobacco anionic peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) gene joined to the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. Transgenic plants obtained by selection on kanamycin were found to have more than five times the total leaf peroxidase activity of control plants. Transformed tomato plants chronically wilted upon reaching sexual maturity. Two independently selected transformants were self-fertilized, and progeny were obtained that were homozygous for the foreign gene. Isoelectric focusing gels stained for peroxidase activity revealed a new tomato leaf peroxidase isoenzyme with a pI of 3.75, which is similar to that seen in Nicotiana sylvestris L. Mature tomato fruit were found to have up to 1600-fold higher peroxidase activity in transformants expressing the tobacco anionic peroxidase (TobAnPOD) than control plants. Tissue blots showed the tobacco enzyme evenly distributed throughout the tomato fruit tissue. Progeny plants possessing the tobacco peroxidase gene (now homozygous) showed stunting, and fruit size was reduced by >80%. However, fruit set was normal and the rate of ripening was not altered from control plants. Fruit from transformed plants were found to have normal pigmentation, but the soluble solids concentration was 400% higher than in control tomato fruit. This result was predicted from the peroxidase-induced water stress. Possible roles for the tobacco anionic peroxidase in growth, development, and stress resistance are discussed.

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