Smoke-water and a Smoke-isolated Butenolide Improve Growth and Yield of Tomatoes under Greenhouse Conditions

Smoke shows promising results in stimulating germination and vigor. The biologically active butenolide compound isolated from smoke has potential to become a valuable tool in horticulture. ‘Heinz-1370’ tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings showed a positive response to smoke and were therefore tested with smoke-water and butenolide for growth, yield, and nutritional composition. Smoke-water (1:500, by volume) treatment showed the maximum height, number of leaves, and stem thickness from 57 to 78 days after sowing. The percentage of plants with fruit from 85 to 95 days after sowing was much higher with the application of smoke-water and butenolide solution than in the control. The total number of marketable fruit was significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) for smoke-water–treated (1:500, by volume) tomato plants (168) than for the control (124). Butenolide and the lower concentration of smoke-water (1:2000, by volume) yielded more fruit, but was not significantly (P ≥ 0.05) different from the control. In spite of achieving a greater number of fruit, smoke treatments did not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) change the size, weight, and nutritional composition (ascorbic acid, β-carotene, lycopene, and total soluble solids) of fruit. The harvest indices of smoke-water– and butenolide-treated plants significantly improved (P ≤ 0.05), suggesting the possible use of smoke technology for tomato cultivation.

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Nitrate/ammonium ratio effect on the growth, yield and foliar anatomy of grafted tomato plants

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/99/2020-hortsci ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 48 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 80-89

Author(s):

Armando Hernández Pérez ◽

Juana Cruz García Santiago ◽

Valentin Robledo Torres ◽

Alonso Méndez López ◽

Alberto Sandoval Rangel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Best Response ◽

Experimental Block

The vigorous behaviour of a rootstock modifies the growth and yield of a plant variety or hybrid, altering the plant nutritional requirements. The purpose of this work was to study four ratios of NO3–/NH4+ (100/0, 92/8, 85/15 and 80/20%) over the growth, leaf anatomy and yield of grafted and ungrafted tomato plants. We used a fully randomised experimental block design with factorial arrangement of 2 × 4 (grafted and ungrafted plants and four ratios of NO3–/NH4+), on eight treatments in total with four replicates each, using Tukey’s mean comparison test (P ≤ 0.05). The rootstock was ‘Silex’ by Fito Seeds, with the ‘El Arrojado’ graft (variety) by Gene Seeds. The graft produced an increase in growth, dry biomass production, stomatal density, trichome number, epidermal cell density, fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit size and total soluble solids, in comparison with the ungrafted tomato plants. In most of the assessed variables, the grafted tomato plants gave their best response at an 85/15% NO3–/NH4+ ratio; while the ungrafted plants performed better at a 92/8% NO3–/NH4+ ratio. The response of the grafted plants to the different NO3–/NH4+ ratios suggests that grafting induces tolerance to NH4+.

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The effect of organic mulches and mycorrhizal substrate on growth, yield and quality of Gold Milenium apples on M.9 rootstock

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2012-239 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 94 (2) ◽

pp. 281-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lidia Sas-Paszt ◽

Kris Pruski ◽

Edward Żurawicz ◽

Beata Sumorok ◽

Edyta Derkowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Peat Moss ◽

Cow Manure ◽

Yield And Quality

Sas-Paszt, L., Pruski, K., Żurawicz, E., Sumorok, B., Derkowska, E. and Głuszek, S. 2014. The effect of organic mulches and mycorrhizal substrate on growth, yield and quality of Gold Milenium apples on M.9 rootstock. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 281–291. A 3-yr study was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic mulches and mycorrhizal substrate on growth and yield of apple cv. Gold Milenium grown on M.9 rootstock. Straw (rye), pine bark, conifer tree sawdust, compost (plant debris), cow manure, peat moss substrate (commercial), and mycorrhiza substrate (Mykoflor®, containing mycorrhizal fungi: Glomus intraradices, G. mosseae, G. etunicatum) were applied in spring of each year. All the applied treatments did not affect significantly the tree growth. Mulches did not have a positive effect on total soluble solids of the fruit and the number of fruits in different size categories. Only sawdust mulch significantly increased the number of fruit in size diameter class of 7.0–7.5 cm compared with the control. The use of mulches affected the concentration of macro- and microelements in leaves, particularly Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. Mulches positively affected the pH and organic matter content of soil. The best results were observed with the use of the compost, cow manure and the mycorrhizal substrate, where the concentrations of P, K and Mg, most of microelements and soil organic matter were elevated.

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Growth and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) as Influenced by Poultry Manure and Biochar in Two (2) Soil Depths

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2020/v42i330484 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 55-63

Author(s):

F. B. Musa ◽

F. O. Abiodun ◽

A. R. Falana ◽

B. H. Ugege ◽

R. V. Oyewumi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

And Control

Background and Objective: Unproductive soil has been a major problem to farmers, recent interest in the use of a stable organic manure (biochar) as soil amendment and poultry manure to increase soil fertility is also increasing. Hence, the experiment was conducted to assess the condition of poultry manure and biochar on the growth and yield of tomato. Materials and Methods: A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Federal College of Forestry Ibadan, using polyethylene bag with 5 kg soil collected at two (2) soils depths, 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depth at the botanical garden, Federal College of Forestry Ibadan. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. The treatments used were poultry manure (5t/ha), biochar (10t/ha), mixture of poultry manure and biochar (1:1) and control (no amendment).The tomato seeds (UC82B) were sourced from NIHORT, Ibadan and raised in a germination basket. Data were collected weekly on plant height, collar diameter and number of leaves, 50% days to flowering and yield of tomato plants from two weeks after transplanting (WAT). Data collected were analyzed statistically using ANOVA while means were separated using LSD (p<0.05) where applicable. Results: In 0-15 cm soil, the growth variables (plant height, number of leaves and collar diameter) increased with various treatments used. The highest tomato height was observed with the application of biochar (10t/ha). All the treatments applied affected the number of tomato leaves at all weeks after transplanting (WAT) with poultry manure 5t/ha having the highest number of leaves at 7WAT, while collar diameter was significantly affected by various treatments from 2 to 5 WAT, with the mixture of P.M + BIO (1:1) recording the highest value and the control plot recorded the least values in all weeks. However, in 15-30 cm soil, there was significant difference in the number of leaves of tomato among all the amended soil from 5 to 7 WAT, the highest tomato leaves were obtained when the soil was amended with poultry manure (5t/ha) and can be compared with other treatments. Interaction of poultry manure and biochar(1:1) and poultry manure 5 t/ha resulted in highest height of tomato plant from 3-7 WAT as compared to the control that had the least value but were not significantly different from the sole application of biochar 10t/ha. Interaction of poultry manure + biochar (1:1) and poultry manure (5t/ha) gave the highest tomato flowering and fruits. Conclusion: Based on this result, biochar and poultry manure when added to soil, boosted the mineralization of the soil after amendment.

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Tomato Growth in Spring-sown Cover Crops

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.11.1.150 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 150

Author(s):

Mary C. Akemo ◽

Mark A. Bennett ◽

Emilie E. Regnier

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Nutrient Analysis ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Number Of Leaves

Pure and biculture stands of rye `Wheeler' (Secale cereale L.) and field pea (Pisum sativum L.) were established and killed for mulch in Spring 1996, 1997, and 1998, in Columbus, Ohio. Treatments were five rye to pea proportions, each with a high, medium, and low seeding rate. Their effects on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) growth and yield were compared with those of a weedy check; a tilled, nonweeded check; and a tilled, hand-weeded check. Tomato tissue and soil were sampled for nutrient analysis. Number of leaves, branching, height, leaf area, dry weight, rate of flowering and fruit set, and fruit yield of tomato plants varied directly with the proportion of pea in the cover crop and decreased with reduced cover crop seeding rates. In 1997, yields of tomato were as high as 50 MT·ha-1 in the 1 rye: 3 pea cover crop; yield was poorest in the weedy check (0.02 MT·ha-1 in 1996). Most of the cover-cropped plots produced better yields than did the conventionally weeded check. No consistent relationship between levels of macronutrients in tomato leaf and soil samples and the cover crop treatments was established. Spring-sown rye + pea bicultures (with a higher ratio of pea) have a potential for use in tomato production.

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Tomato Growth in Spring-sown Cover Crops

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.5.843 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 843-848 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mary C. Akemo ◽

Mark A. Bennett ◽

Emilie E. Regnier

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Nutrient Analysis ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Number Of Leaves

Pure and biculture stands of rye `Wheeler' (Secale cereale L.) and field pea (Pisum sativum L.) were established and killed for mulch in Spring 1996, 1997, and 1998, in Columbus, Ohio. Treatments were five rye to pea proportions, each with a high, medium, and low seeding rate. Their effects on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) growth and yield were compared with those of a weedy check; a tilled, nonweeded check; and a tilled, hand-weeded check. Tomato tissue and soil were sampled for nutrient analysis. Number of leaves, branching, height, leaf area, dry weight, rate of flowering and fruit set, and fruit yield of tomato plants varied directly with the proportion of pea in the cover crop and decreased with reduced cover crop seeding rates. In 1997, yields of tomato were as high as 50 MT·ha–1 in the 1 rye: 3 pea cover crop; yield was poorest in the weedy check (0.02 MT·ha–1 in 1996). Most of the cover-cropped plots produced better yields than did the conventionally weeded check. No consistent relationship between levels of macro-nutrients in tomato leaf and soil samples and the cover crop treatments was established. Spring-sown rye + pea bicultures (with a higher ratio of pea) have a potential for use in tomato production.

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PEMBERIAN ABU SEKAM DAN PUPUK NPK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN TOMAT (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) VARIETAS SERVO

VIABEL Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.35457/viabel.v12i2.498 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 40-49

Author(s):

Farit Khoiruddin ◽

Tri Kurniastuti ◽

Palupi Puspitorini

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Affected Plant ◽

Weight Analysis ◽

Real Value ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

The Difference

This study aims 1) This study aims to reveal the differences between the growth and yieldof tomato plants. 2) Knowing the difference between NPK fertilizer and the growth andyield of tomato plants. 3) Knowing the interaction between husk ash and NPK fertilizeron the growth and yield of tomato plants. This research was conducted using factorialrandomized block design (RCBD) with 2 factors, the first factor was husk ash (A)consisting of 3 levels, namely 50 g (A1), 60 g (A2), 70 g (A3) . The second factor is NPKfertilizer (P) consisting of 3 levels: 2.50 g (P1), 3.75 g (P2), 5 g (P3). Variables thatmention include plant height, number of leaves, time of flowering plants, number offruit plants and fruit weight. Analysis date using analysis of variance (ANOVA) level of5% and further testing with Duncan's Multiple Distance Test (DMRT). The resultsshowed that: There was no real interaction between rice husk ash fertilizer and NPKfertilizer on the growth and yield of tomato plants. Treatment of 70 g husk ash dose (A3)significantly affected plant height at the age of 14, 21, 28, and 42 HST. The treatment ofNPK fertilizer (P) is of real value for plant height, number of leaves and fruit weight.The best plant height was 52.18 cm and 84.06 at the age of 28 and 42 days afterplanting, the best number of leaves in puppol was 3.75 g (P2). But in people who aresweet, the yield is not significant.

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Growth and yield of pomato under the Syrian coastal mountains conditions

Agricultural Science and Technology ◽

10.15547/ast.2021.04.062 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 382-388

Author(s):

Alaa Suhiel Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Fruit Set ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Shape Index ◽

The Other ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Average Yield ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Significant Superiority

Abstract. The world has always been striving to increase and intensify agricultural production, and there are several attempts to acheive that, such as grafting tomato on potato to obtain two crops from one plant. This investigation was conducted during 2020 in open field in Nahl village, Baniyas, Tartous Governorate, Syria. The vegetative and generative growth and yield have been studied for pomato (grafted tomato on potato) and compared to each tomato and potato separately. Tomato plants were significantly superior in plant height to pomato plants after 23 days of planting until the end of the experiment. On the other hand, there were significant differences between tomato plants and pomato plants in the leaf area after 23, 51 and 65 days of planting. Also, tomato plants significantly outperformed pomato plants in the number of flowers and fruits per plant and the tomato fruit set percent. Anyway, tomato plants were significantly superior in the average yield of tomato fruits per plant (1657 g.plant-1) to pomato plants (185 g.plant-1), while there were insignificant differences in the average yield of potato tubers per plant between pomato which failed to produce tubers and potato (48.25 g.plant-1). Studying the tomato fruit fresh weight showed a significant superiority of tomato plants (54.37 g.fruit-1) to pomato plants (35.97 g.fruit-1), while there were insignificant differences in the other physical (tomato fruit height, diameter and shape index) and chemical (tomato fruit content of total acids, total soluble solids and dry matter, %) properties.

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Scion and Rootstock Differently Influence Growth, Yield and Quality Characteristics of Cherry Tomato

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9121725 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1725

Author(s):

Rosario Paolo Mauro ◽

Michele Agnello ◽

Andrea Onofri ◽

Cherubino Leonardi ◽

Francesco Giuffrida

Keyword(s):

Plant Biomass ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Dilution Effect ◽

Shape Index ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Cherry Tomato ◽

Environmental Variance ◽

Grafting From ◽

Induced Changes

Grafting is a valuable tool for managing problems of tomato soil-borne pathogens and pests, but often generates unpredictable effects on crop yield and product quality. To observe these rootstocks-induced changes, experimental designs including many rootstock-scion combinations are required. To this end, a greenhouse experiment was conducted on 63 graft combinations, involving seven cherry tomato scions grouped in large, medium and small-fruited, and eight rootstocks with different genetic backgrounds (crosses between Solanum lycopersicum and S. habrochaites or S. peruvianum or S. pimpinellifolium, plus an intraspecific hybrid), using ungrafted controls. The response of the graft partners was firstly analyzed individually using the environmental variance (σ2E), then by grouping them by classes. When analyzed individually, the scion genotype influenced fruit L*, b*, shape index, total soluble solids (TSS) and its ratio with tritatable acidity (TSS/TA), whereas plant growth and yield were unpredictable. After clustering the graft partners, some of these responses were attributable to the imposed classes. The S. habrochaites-derived hybrids maximized plant biomass, unlike the S. pimpinellifolium ones. Both classes reduced fruit biomass in small- and medium-fruited scions (by 11 and 14%, respectively). The S. habrochaites and S. peruvianum hybrids reduced a* and TSS, whereas promoted TA. L-ascorbic acid was reduced by grafting (from −23 to −45%), in the S. pimpinellifolium group too, indicating, even in low vigor rootstocks, a dilution effect worsening this nutraceutical trait of tomatoes.

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Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers on Growth, Yield, Nodulation and Nutritional Composition of Bambara Groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.]

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-617 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mahmudul Hasan ◽

Md. Kamal Uddin ◽

Mahmud Tengku Muda Mohamed ◽

Ali Tan Kee Zuan ◽

Mst. Motmainna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Block Design ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Bambara Groundnut ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Vigna Subterranea ◽

P Fertilizer

Background: Bambara groundnut is an edible legume that is highly nutritious. This study was carried out to find the effect of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers on the growth, yield, nodulation, the proximate and nutritional composition of bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.]. Methods: During the period of 2018, a glasshouse experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) at Ladang 15, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Different rates of N and P fertilizer were used. Kjeldahl method and HPLC, respectively, determined the protein and amino acid content in seed. Result: N and P fertilizer were found to play a dominating role in increasing the vegetative growth and yield of the plant. Plant height (20.65a), pod number (45.75a) and harvest index (41.61a) increased significantly with the application of N30 + P60 kg ha-1. Application of N30P60 kg ha-1 significantly influenced nodulation and nitrogen yield. Protein, fibre, Mg and amino acid content increased with N30P60 kg ha-1. The application of N30P60 mg kg-1 has increased the growth, yield, nodulation, proximate and nutritional composition of bambara groundnut.

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GROWTH, YIELD AND POSTHARVEST QUALITY OF WAX APPLE AS AFFECTED BY NAPHTHALENE ACETIC ACID APPLICATION

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-2945-062/14 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 410-422

Author(s):

MOHAMMAD MONERUZZAMAN KHANDAKER ◽

ABM SHARIF HOSSAIN ◽

NORMANIZA OSMAN ◽

NASHRIYAH MAT ◽

AMRU NASRULHAQ BOYCE

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Fruit Growth ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Postharvest Quality ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid

Results of this study represent the first report of the effect of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) on the pre and post harvest quality of wax apple fruit. The wax apple trees were spray treated with 0, 5, 10 and 20 mg L-1 NAA under field conditions during 2008 to 2011. The experiments were carried out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six replications. Leaf chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic yield, net photosynthetic rate, drymatter content of leaves and total soluble solids and K+content of wax apple fruits were significantly increased after treatments with 10 mg L-1. Polygalacturonase activity significantly decreased with NAA treatments. The application of 5 mg L-1 NAA increased 27% more bud and reduced 42% less fruit drop compared to the control. In addition, higher protein and phosphate synthase activity of leaves, fruit set, fruit growth, larger fruit size and yield were recorded in NAA treated plants. In storage, treated fruits exhibited higher TSS and firmness and less weight loss, browning, titratable acidity, respiration and ethylene production than the control. It is concluded that spraying with 5 and 10 mg L-1 NAA once a week under field conditions produced better fruit growth and yield of the wax apple and maintained better fruit quality in postharvest storage.

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