Morphometrical analysis of the canine choroid in relation to age and sex using spectral domain optical coherence tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jowita Zwolska ◽  
Mateusz Szadkowski ◽  
Agnieszka Balicka ◽  
Ireneusz Balicki
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
M 12 ◽  
Measurement Location ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Sd Oct

Abstract This study determined the choroidal thickness of senior (SN, n = 24) and middle-aged (MA, n = 17) healthy, mixed-breed mesocephalic dogs, both males (M) and females (F), using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The dogs were divided into two groups for examination: MA dogs (4–7 years old; 6 M, 11 F) and SN dogs (8–13 years old; 12 M, 12 F). Choroidal thickness of the dogs was investigated using SD-OCT radial and linear scans. The software of the device allowed determination of the exact measurement location on the choroid. Measurements of the choroid were taken manually using the SD-OCT calliper function at distances of 5,000–6,000 μm (dorsal and ventral) and 4,000–7,000 μm (nasal and temporal) from the optic disc. Mean (µm ± SD) (MA, SN) dorsal (188 ± 28, 184 ± 33), ventral (116 ± 23, 111 ± 16), temporal (152 ± 31, 151 ± 26), and nasal (135 ± 27, 132 ± 18) choroidal thicknesses demonstrated significant differences (P < 0.02–0.001) between all areas within each group. The choroid was thickest in the dorsal region and thinnest in the ventral region. There were no significant differences based on age. Mean (µm ± SD) (M, F) dorsal (181 ± 32, 190 ± 30), ventral (117 ± 16, 11 ± 21), temporal (150 ± 26, 153 ± 30), and nasal (128 ± 20, 138 ± 23) choroidal thicknesses demonstrated significant differences (P < 0.05) between dorsal and nasal regions. The choroidal thickness in dogs depends on the area assessed independently of their age and sex.

scholarly journals Comparison of Choroidal Thickness Measurements between Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Swept-source Optical Coherence Tomography in Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun On Lee ◽  
Xiujuan Zhang ◽  
Shumin Tang ◽  
Li Jia Chen ◽  
Carol Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Sd Oct

Abstract PURPOSE: Choroidal thickness is associated with many ocular conditions, interchangeability among different generations of optical coherence tomography is therefore important for both research purpose and clinical application. Hence, we compared choroidal thickness measurements between spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in healthy pediatric eyes.METHODS: Children from the population–based Hong Kong Children Eye Study were recruited. Choroidal thickness was measured by both devices. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to compare the measurements.RESULTS: A total of 114 children with mean age of 7.38±0.82 years were included. The central foveal choroidal thickness (CFCT) measured by SD-OCT and SS-OCT was 273.24±54.29μm and 251.84±47.12μm respectively. Inter-device correlation coefficient was 0.840 (95%CI: 0.616-0.918). However, choroidal thickness obtained by SD-OCT was significantly thicker than that measured by SS-OCT with a mean difference of 21.40±33.13μm (P<0.001). Bland-Altman limit of agreement on the relative difference scale for SD-OCT/SS-OCT was 86.33μm. Validated conversion equation for translating SD-OCT CFCT measurement into SS-OCT was SS-OCT = 35.261 + 0.810 x SD-OCT. CONCLUSIONS: ICC shows an acceptable agreement between SD-OCT and SS-OCT, however, there was a significant inter-device difference of choroidal thickness measurements in normal children eyes. Therefore, the measurements are not interchangeable.

scholarly journals The Application of Enhanced Depth Imaging Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Macular Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Lian-Rong Yin
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Depth Imaging ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Macular Diseases ◽  
Sd Oct

The choroid plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of various posterior segment diseases. However, traditional imaging methods still have limited cross-sectional observation of choroid. Enhanced depth imaging in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI SD-OCT) uses a closer scanning position to the eye to create an inverted SD-OCT image with the advantage of better depth sensitivity, which can observe choroidal structure and measure choroidal thickness (CT) accurately. At present, more and more choroidal thickness measurements have been made in normal and pathologic states, in order to understand the pathogenesis and differential diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases, especially for macular lesions. This paper would review relevant original literatures published from January 1, 2008, to February 1, 2020, to evaluate the relationship between the changes of CT with EDI SD-OCT and macular diseases.

scholarly journals Choroidal thickness, ganglion cell complex, and photoreceptor outer segment length evaluation in patients receiving tamoxifen therapy by spectral domain optical coherence tomography

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
selim bolukbasi ◽  
Ozge Kandemir Gursel ◽  
Akin Cakir ◽  
Burak Erden ◽  
Gamze Karatas
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Tamoxifen Therapy ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Ganglion Cell Complex ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Photoreceptor Outer Segment ◽  
Sd Oct

Abstract Background To evaluate choroidal thickness, ganglion cell complex (GCC) and photoreceptor outer segment length were measured in patients with breast cancer undergoing tamoxifen therapy, using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT); results were compared with those for normal eyes. Methods Forty-four patients with breast cancer, undergoing tamoxifen therapy, and 41 healthy controls were included in this prospective, comparative study. All participants underwent a complete ophthalmologic evaluation and SD-OCT. Subfoveal, nasal (nasal distance to fovea 500, 1000, 1500 μm), and temporal (temporal distance to fovea 500, 1000, 1500 μm) choroidal thickness measurements were performed using the enhanced depth imaging mode of SD-OCT. Using an Early Treatment Diagnostic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) circle at the macular level, the automated retinal segmentation software was applied to determine the thickness of the GCC. The photoreceptor outer segment (PROS) length was determined manually, as the distance from the inner surface of the ellipsoid zone to the inner surface of retina pigment epithelium. Results The mean choroidal thickness was statistically greater in the tamoxifen group than controls in all quadrants ( p < 0.001 for all quadrants). Of all tamoxifen users (44 eyes of 44 patients), 33 eyes (75%) had UCP. Pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE) was detected in five tamoxifen-group patients (11.3%). Patients with PPE in one eye had UCP in the fellow eye. Central serous chorioretinopathy findings were observed in one patient. Tamoxifen users had statistically lower GCC thickness in all inner rings of the ETDRS inlay and in the nasal outer ring only ( p = 0.027, 0.002, 0.002, 0.001, and 0.030, respectively). No statistically significant difference in mean subfoveal PROS length was found between the groups. Conclusions SD-OCT provides valuable information for identifying structural changes and evaluating ocular findings in patients receiving tamoxifen therapy. Increased choroidal thickness, PPE and thinning GCC were detected in tamoxifen users. These OCT findings may be an early indicator of retinal toxicity for patients undergoing tamoxifen therapy in the follow-up period. Keywords tamoxifen retinopathy, choroidal thickness, ganglion cell complex, PROS, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

scholarly journals Macular and choroidal thicknesses in a healthy Hispanic population evaluated by high-definition spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana A. Cortés ◽  
Daniela Roca ◽  
Pedro Iván Navarro ◽  
Francisco J. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Hispanic Population ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sd Oct

Abstract Purpose To report normal values of macular and choroidal thickness obtained from a healthy Hispanic population using Optovue (Optovue Inc, Freemont CA, USA) spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Design Observational, cross-sectional, correlation study. Methods A total of 290 eyes (145 healthy subjects) were included; 69% of subjects were female. The median age was 39 ± 29 years (IQR), with a range between 18 and 89 years. The study sample was stratified into three age groups: Group 1, 18–40 years (50.3%), Group 2, 41–60 years (30.7%), and Group 3, older than 61 years (19%). Central macular, perifoveal (inner quadrants), and parafoveal (outer quadrants) thicknesses were estimated. In addition, central and peripheral choroidal thicknesses were estimated. Data analysis was performed to calculate the standardized mean difference according to the variance (Student’s t-test) and its differences with Epidat 4.1. Results Median macular central thickness was 250 ±30 µm (IQR) with Optovue. Median central choroidal thickness was 263 ± 48 µm (IQR). Median central choroidal thickness was greater than mean peripheral thickness. Macular evaluation showed a statistically significant difference in central, perifoveal, and parafoveal thicknesses, with lower values being recorded for the study sample compared with the manufacturer’s data. Conclusions SD-OCT has become a useful tool to obtain high-resolution images of the macula and choroid. This method allows precise assessment of the retinal and choroidal layers to diagnose and follow up posterior segment diseases. We are reporting normal cut-off values of macular and choroidal thicknesses in healthy Hispanic subjects evaluated with Optovue SD-OCT as new diagnostic normal parameters for research and clinical activities.

scholarly journals Reproducibility of Choroidal Thickness Measurements in Hemodialysis Patients. A Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özgür Eroğul ◽  
Mehmet Murat Uzel ◽  
Leyla Eryiğit Eroğul ◽  
Ayşe Güzin Taşlıpınar Uzel ◽  
Hamidu Hamısı Gobeka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Sd Oct

Abstract PurposeTo investigate the effects of hemodialysis (HD) on the reproducibility of subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) as measured by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)MethodsIn this study, 26 HD (26 eyes) patients had their pre- and post-HD SFCT measured, and the results were compared for reproducibility. Following a thorough ophthalmic examination, SD-OCT was performed three times in a row during a single session. The same physician measured SFCT after automatically identifying choroid with a software caliper. The reproducibility parameters, including intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), coefficients of variation (COV), and test-retest variability (TRTV) were then calculated.ResultsMales made up 53.85% of the 26 HD patients. There was a significant IOP difference between pre-HD (16.42±3.14 mmHg) and post-HD (14.21±2.78 mmHg) (P<0.001). SFCT decreased significantly from pre-HD 243.50±10.23 μm to post-HD 234.29±9.41 μm (P<0.001). ICC value increased significantly after HD, rising from 0.948 to 0.989 (P<0.001, for all). Pre- and post-HD COV values were 1.6% and 0.65%, respectively. Also, pre- and post-HD TRTV values were 7.864±1.996 μm and 3.074±1.536 μm, respectively.ConclusionThe reproducibility of SFCT as measured by OCT was lower during pre-HD compared to post-HD. Post-HD SD-OCT assessment appears to improve the reliability of clinical outcomes in the diagnosis and monitoring of HD patients.

scholarly journals Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography for evaluating palisades of Vogt in ocular surface disorders with limbal involvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Yi Chen ◽  
Yi-Chen Sun ◽  
Chia-Ying Tsai ◽  
Hsiao-Sang Chu ◽  
Jo-Hsuan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Ocular Rosacea ◽  
Unilateral Disease ◽  
Healthy Eyes ◽  
Slit Lamp Biomicroscopy ◽  
Sd Oct

AbstractSpectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) has been used to observe the morphology of the palisades of Vogt (POV) with satisfactory resolutions. In this study, we used SD-OCT to examine the microstructure of the POV in ocular surface disorders with limbal involvement. We detect subclinical limbal pathologies based on five parameters, including (1) decreased epithelial thickness, (2) loss of the sharp stromal tip, (3) loss of the smooth epithelial-stromal interface, (4) dilated stromal vessels, and (5) decreased POV density. Eighteen eyes of 10 patients with advancing wavelike epitheliopathy (AWE) and 15 eyes of 9 patients with phlyctenular keratitis/ocular rosacea were recruited. SD-OCT could detect abnormal changes in the POV in 100% of the lesion sites. In presumed-healthy areas of the diseased eyes diagnosed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy, SD-OCT detected abnormal changes in the POV in 100% of the eyes in both groups. In patients with unilateral disease, abnormal changes in the POV were detected by SD-OCT in 50% and 100% of presumed-healthy eyes diagnosed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy in the AWE group and phlyctenular keratitis/ocular rosacea group, respectively. SD-OCT is powerful in detecting POV changes in ocular surface disorders and can provide useful information that cannot be provided by slit-lamp biomicroscopy.

scholarly journals Geographic mapping of choroidal thickness in myopic eyes using 1050-nm spectral domain optical coherence tomography

2015 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinqin Zhang ◽  
Maureen Neitz ◽  
Jay Neitz ◽  
Ruikang K. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Radial Distance ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: To provide a geographical map of choroidal thickness (CT) around the macular region among subjects with low, moderate and high myopia. Methods: 20 myopic subjects (n = 40 eyes) without other identified pathologies participated in this study: 20 eyes of ≤ 3 diopters (D) (low myopic), 10 eyes between -3 and -6D (moderate myopic), and 10 eyes of ≥ 6D (high myopic). The mean age of subjects was 30.2 years (± 7.6 years; range, 24 to 46 years). A 1050 nm spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system, operating at 120 kHz imaging rate, was used in this study to simultaneously capture 3D anatomical images of the choroid and measure intraocular length (IOL) in the subject. The 3D OCT images of the choroid were segmented into superior, inferior, nasal and temporal quadrants, from which the CT was measured, representing radial distance between the outer retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer and inner scleral border. Measurements were made within concentric regions centered at fovea centralis, extended to 5 mm away from fovea at 1 mm intervals in the nasal and temporal directions. The measured IOL was the distance from the anterior cornea surface to the RPE in alignment along the optical axis of the eye. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate CT at each geographic region and observe the relationship between CT and the degree of myopia. Results: For low myopic eyes, the IOL was measured at 24.619 ± 0.016 mm. The CT (273.85 ± 49.01 μm) was greatest under fovea as is in the case of healthy eyes. Peripheral to the fovea, the mean CT decreased rapidly along the nasal direction, reaching a minimum of 180.65 ± 58.25μm at 5 mm away from the fovea. There was less of a change in thickness from the fovea in the temporal direction reaching a minimum of 234.25 ± 42.27 μm. In contrast to the low myopic eyes, for moderate and high myopic eyes, CTs were thickest in temporal region (where CT = 194.94 ± 27.28 and 163 ± 34.89 μm, respectively). Like the low myopic eyes, moderate and high myopic eyes had thinnest CTs in the nasal region (where CT = 100.84 ± 16.75 and 86.64 ± 42.6μm, respectively). High myopic eyes had the longest mean IOL (25.983 ± 0.021mm), while the IOL of moderate myopia was 25.413 ± 0.022 mm (**p < 0.001). The CT reduction rate was calculated at 31.28 μm/D (diopter) from low to moderate myopia, whilst it is 13.49 μm/D from moderate to high myopia. The similar tendency was found for the IOL reduction rate in our study: 0.265 mm/D from low to moderate myopia, and 0.137 mm/D from moderate to high myopia. Conclusion: The CT decreases and the IOL increases gradually with the increase of myopic condition. The current results support the theory that choroidal abnormality may play an important role in the pathogenesis of myopic degeneration.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation Guidelines for a Modular Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Scanner

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Atry ◽  
Israel Jacob De La Rosa ◽  
Kevin R. Rarick ◽  
Ramin Pashaie
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Essential Knowledge ◽  
Sd Oct

In the past decades, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) has transformed into a widely popular imaging technology which is used in many research and clinical applications. Despite such fast growth in the field, the technology has not been readily accessible to many research laboratories either due to the cost or inflexibility of the commercially available systems or due to the lack of essential knowledge in the field of optics to develop custom-made scanners that suit specific applications. This paper aims to provide a detailed discussion on the design and development process of a typical SD-OCT scanner. The effects of multiple design parameters, for the main optical and optomechanical components, on the overall performance of the imaging system are analyzed and discussions are provided to serve as a guideline for the development of a custom SD-OCT system. While this article can be generalized for different applications, we will demonstrate the design of a SD-OCT system and representative results for in vivo brain imaging. We explain procedures to measure the axial and transversal resolutions and field of view of the system and to understand the discrepancies between the experimental and theoretical values. The specific aim of this piece is to facilitate the process of constructing custom-made SD-OCT scanners for research groups with minimum understanding of concepts in optical design and medical imaging.

scholarly journals External limiting membrane: retinal structural barrier in diabetic macular edema

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Saxena ◽  
Levent Akduman ◽  
Carsten H. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Barrier Effect ◽  
External Limiting Membrane ◽  
Ellipsoid Zone ◽  
Structural Barrier ◽  
Sd Oct

AbstractAdvances in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) technology have enhanced the understanding of external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) in diabetic macular edema. An increase in VEGF has been demonstrated to be associated with sequential ELM and EZ disruption on SD-OCT. An intact ELM is a prerequisite for an intact EZ in DME. Anti-VEGF therapy leads to restoration of barrier effect of ELM. The ELM restores first followed by EZ restoration.

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