Time course for arm and chest muscle thickness changes following bench press training

AbstractThe study examined the effects of adding a loaded stretch in the inter-set rest period (ISS) compared to traditional resistance training (TR) on muscular adaptations in resistance-trained males. Twenty-six subjects were randomly assigned into two groups (ISS: n=12; TR: n=14) and underwent an 8-week training regimen. Subjects in ISS underwent an additional loaded stretch for 30 s at 15% of their working load from the prior set during the inter-set rest periods. Muscle thickness of the pectoralis major at the belly (BMT) and lateral (LMT) portions, One-repetition maximum (1RM) and repetitions-to-failure (RTF) on the bench press exercise were measured at baseline and post 8 weeks of training. Additionally, volume load and perceptual parameters for exertion and recovery were measured. Both groups had similar total volume load and average perceptual parameters (p>0.05). There was a main time effect (p<0.01) for all but one dependent variable indicating that both groups responded similarly across time [(∆BMT: ISS=2.7±1.7 mm; TR = 3.0±2.2 mm), (∆LMT: ISS=3.2±1.6 mm; TR=2.8±1.7 mm, (∆1RM: ISS=6.6±3.8 kg; TR=7.5±5.7 kg). Repetitions-to-failure did not change in either group (∆RTF: ISS=0.0±2.1 repetitions; TR=0.0±2.3 repetitions, p>0.05). Our results suggest that addition of a loaded ISS does not affect muscular adaptations either positively or negatively in resistance-trained males.

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The Effect of Bovine Colostrum Supplementation in Older Adults During Resistance Training

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0182 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 276-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Whitney R.D. Duff ◽

Philip D. Chilibeck ◽

Julianne J. Rooke ◽

Mojtaba Kaviani ◽

Joel R. Krentz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Whey Protein ◽

Bench Press ◽

Muscle Thickness ◽

Bovine Colostrum ◽

Lean Tissue ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

Lean Tissue Mass ◽

Leg Press

Bovine colostrum is the first milk secreted by cows after parturition and has high levels of protein, immunoglobulins, and various growth factors. We determined the effects of 8 weeks of bovine colostrum supplementation versus whey protein during resistance training in older adults. Males (N = 15, 59.1 ± 5.4 y) and females (N = 25, 59.0 ± 6.7 y) randomly received (double-blind) 60g/d of colostrum or whey protein complex (containing 38g protein) while participating in a resistance training program (12 exercises, 3 sets of 8–12 reps, 3 days/week). Strength (bench press and leg press 1-RM), body composition (by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry), muscle thickness of the biceps and quadriceps (by ultrasound), cognitive function (by questionnaire), plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP, as a marker of inflammation), and urinary N-telopeptides (Ntx, a marker of bone resorption) were determined before and after the intervention. Participants on colostrum increased leg press strength (24 ± 29 kg; p < .01) to a greater extent than participants on whey protein (8 ± 16 kg) and had a greater reduction in Ntx compared with participants on whey protein (–15 ± 40% vs. 10 ± 42%; p < .05). Bench press strength, muscle thickness, lean tissue mass, bone mineral content, and cognitive scores increased over time (p < .05) with no difference between groups. There were no changes in IGF-1 or CRP. Colostrum supplementation during resistance training was beneficial for increasing leg press strength and reducing bone resorption in older adults. Both colostrum and whey protein groups improved upper body strength, muscle thickness, lean tissue mass, and cognitive function.

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Conjugated Linoleic Acid Combined with Creatine Monohydrate and Whey Protein Supplementation during Strength Training

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.19.1.79 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 79-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Stephen M. Cornish ◽

Darren G. Candow ◽

Nathan T. Jantz ◽

Philip D. Chilibeck ◽

Jonathan P. Little ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Strength Training ◽

Whey Protein ◽

Kidney Function ◽

Bench Press ◽

Muscle Thickness ◽

Lean Tissue ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

Lean Tissue Mass

Purpose:The authors examined the combined effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), creatine (C), and whey protein (P) supplementation during strength training.Methods:Sixty-nine participants (52 men, 17 women; M ± SD age 22.5 ± 2.5 yr) were randomly assigned (double-blind) to 1 of 3 groups: CCP (6 g/d CLA + 9 g/d C + 36 g/d P; n = 22), CP (C + P + placebo oil; n = 25), or P (P + placebo oil; n = 22) during 5 wk of strength training (4–5 sets, 6–12 repetitions, 6 d/wk). Measurements were taken for body composition (air-displacement plethysmography), muscle thickness (ultrasound) of the flexors and extensors of the elbow and knee, 1-repetitionmaximum (1-RM) strength (leg press and bench press), urinary markers of bone resorption (N-telopeptides, NTx), myofibrillar protein catabolism (3-methylhistidine; 3-MH), oxidative stress (8-isoprostanes), and kidney function (microalbumin) before and after training.Results:Contrast analyses indicated that the CCP group had a greater increase in bench-press (16.2% ± 11.3% vs. 9.7% ± 17.0%; p < .05) and legpress (13.1% ± 9.9% vs. 7.7% ± 14.2%; p < .05) strength and lean-tissue mass (2.4% ± 2.8% vs. 1.3% ± 4.1%; p < .05) than the other groups combined. All groups increased muscle thickness over time (p < .05). The relative change in 3-MH (CCP –4.7% ± 70.2%, CP –0.4% ± 81.4%, P 20.3% ± 75.2%) was less in the groups receiving creatine (p < .05), with the difference for NTx also close to significance (p = .055; CCP–3.4% ± 66.6%, CP–3.9% ± 64.9%, P 26.0% ± 63.8%). There were no changes in oxidative stress or kidney function.Conclusion:Combining C, CLA, and P was beneficial for increasing strength and lean-tissue mass during heavy resistance training.

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Time course for strength and muscle thickness changes following upper and lower body resistance training in men and women

European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology ◽

10.1007/s004210050027 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 0174 ◽

Cited By ~ 224

Author(s):

Takashi Abe ◽

Diego V. DeHoyos ◽

Michael L. Pollock ◽

Linda Garzarella

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Time Course ◽

Muscle Thickness ◽

Lower Body ◽

Men And Women ◽

Body Resistance

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A Comparison Between The Recovery Responses Following an Eccentrically Loaded Bench Press Protocol Vs. Regular Loading in Highly Trained Men

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/hukin-2019-0056 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 59-67

Author(s):

Sandro Bartolomei ◽

Valentina Totti ◽

Federico Nigro ◽

Simone Ciacci ◽

Gabriele Semprini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Bench Press ◽

Body Height ◽

Muscle Thickness ◽

Complete Recovery ◽

Peak Force ◽

Power Performance ◽

Training Experience ◽

Performance Deficits ◽

And Performance

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological responses of a single bout of an eccentric accentuated bench press protocol (120% of 1RM in the eccentric phase/80% in the concentric phase; [120/80]) versus a regular high-intensity exercise protocol (80%/80%; [80/80]) in resistance-trained men. Eleven men (age = 25.6 ± 3.9 y; body mass = 84.6 ± 11.2 kg; body height = 176.4 ± 3.9 cm) with 6.3 ± 3.4 y of resistance training experience performed each protocol in counterbalanced, randomized order. Isometric, isokinetic and ballistic tests were performed at the bench press (IBPF, ISOK and BTP, respectively) at baseline (BL), 15-min (15P), 24-h (24P), and 48-h (48P) post-exercise for each testing session. In addition, muscle thickness of the pectoralis major (PecMT) was measured at the same timepoints via ultrasound. Significantly greater reductions in BTP (p < 0.001), peak force during both ISOK (p = 0.005) and IBPF (p = 0.006) at 15P were detected in 120/80 compared to 80/80. BTP was still significantly (p = 0.009) impaired at 48P following the 120/80 protocol, while no differences were noted following 80/80. PecMt was significantly elevated following both 120/80 and 80/80 (p < 0.05) at 15P, but significant differences between the trials were present at 15P and 24P (p = 0.005 and p = 0.008, respectively). Results indicated that heavy eccentric loading during the bench press exercise caused greater performance deficits than a bout of traditionally loaded high intensity resistance exercise. Power performance appears to be more influenced by the 120/80 protocol than isometric peak force. Eccentrically loaded exercise sessions should be separated by at least 48 hours to obtain a complete recovery of the initial muscle morphology and performance.

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Diffusion and consumption of oxygen in the resting frog sartorius muscle.

The Journal of General Physiology ◽

10.1085/jgp.71.5.533 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 71 (5) ◽

pp. 533-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

M Mahler

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Equation ◽

Time Course ◽

Muscle Thickness ◽

Oxygen Electrode ◽

Sartorius Muscle ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Frog Sartorius Muscle ◽

The One ◽

Frog Sartorius ◽

Made In

Adaptations of the method of Takahashi et al. (1966. J. Gen. Physiol. 50:317-333) were used to test the validity of the one-dimensional diffusion equation for O2 in the resting excised frog sartorius muscle. This equation is: (formula: see text) where x is the distance perpendicular to the muscle surface. t is time, P(x, t) is the partial pressure of O2,D and alpha are the diffusion coefficient and solubility for O2 in the tissue, and Q is the rate of O2 consumption. P(O, t), the time-course of PO2 at one muscle surface, was measured by a micro-oxygen electrode. Transients in the PO2 profile of the muscle were induced by two methods: (a) after an equilibration period, one surface was sealed off by a disc in which the O2 electrode was embedded; (b) when PO2 at this surface reached a steady state, a step change was made in the PO2 at the other surface. With either method, the agreement between the measured P(O, t) and that predicted by the diffusion equation was excellent, making possible the calculation of D and Q. These two methods yielded statistically indistinguishable results, with the following pooled means (+/- SEM): (formula: see text) At each temperature, D was independent of muscle thickness (range, 0.67-1.34 mm). The activation energy (EA) for diffusion of oxygen in muscle was -3.85 kcal/mol, which closely matches the corresponding value in water. Together with absolute values of D in water taken from the literature, the present data imply that (Dmuscle/DH2O) is in the range 0.59-0.69. This value, and that of EA, are in agreement with the theory of Wang (1954, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76:4755-4763), suggesting that with respects to the diffusion of O2, to a useful approximation, frog skeletal muscle may be considered simply as a homogeneous protein solution.

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Time course of recovery is similar for the back squat, bench press, and deadlift in well-trained males

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2019-0004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (10) ◽

pp. 1033-1042 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniel J. Belcher ◽

Colby A. Sousa ◽

Joseph P. Carzoli ◽

Trevor K. Johnson ◽

Eric R. Helms ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Damage ◽

Time Course ◽

Bench Press ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Time Effect ◽

Back Squat ◽

Before And After ◽

And Performance ◽

Acute Changes ◽

Joint Range

This study examined the time course of recovery following resistance exercise sessions in the back squat, bench press, and deadlift. Twelve well-trained males (age: 24.5 ± 3.8 years, body mass: 84.01 ± 15.44 kg, training age: 7.1 ± 4.2 years) performed 4 sets to failure at 80% of a 1-repetition maximum (1RM) on the squat, bench press, and deadlift in successive weeks. The bench press was always performed in week 2 with the squat and deadlift order counterbalanced between weeks 1 and 3. Indirect muscle damage and performance fatigue was assessed immediately before and after exercise and at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h postexercise. Outcome measures included limb swelling, joint range of motion, delayed onset muscle soreness, average concentric velocity (ACV) at 70% of 1RM, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Most measures demonstrated a main time effect (p < 0.05) within conditions; however, no between condition (p > 0.05) differences existed. ACV decreased in the squat condition for up to 72 h (p = 0.02, –8.61%) and in the bench press (p < 0.01, –26.69%) immediately postexercise but did not decline during the deadlift condition (p > 0.05). There was a main time effect for increased cfDNA in the squat (p < 0.01) and bench press (p < 0.05), but not the deadlift (p = 0.153). Further, immediately postexercise increases in cfDNA were directly related (p < 0.05) to changes in ACV in all 3 conditions. These results suggest that the deadlift does not result in greater muscle damage and recovery time than the squat and bench press following volume-type training in well-trained men. Further, acute changes in cfDNA may predict performance during the recovery period.

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Effect of adding single-joint exercises to a multi-joint exercise resistance-training program on strength and hypertrophy in untrained subjects

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2012-0176 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 341-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Paulo Gentil ◽

Saulo Rodrigo Sampaio Soares ◽

Maria Claúdia Pereira ◽

Rafael Rodrigues da Cunha ◽

Saulo Santos Martorelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Training Program ◽

Bench Press ◽

Training Session ◽

Young Men ◽

Muscle Thickness ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Muscle Size ◽

Upper Body ◽

Resistance Training Program

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of adding single-joint (SJ) exercises to a multi-joint (MJ) exercise resistance-training program on upper body muscle size and strength. Twenty-nine untrained young men participated in a 10-week training session. They were randomly divided in 2 groups: the MJ group performed only MJ exercises (lat pulldown and bench press); the MJ+SJ group performed the same MJ exercises plus SJ exercises (lat pulldown, bench press, elbow flexion, and elbow extension). Before and after the training period, the muscle thickness (MT) of the elbow flexors was measured with ultrasound, and peak torque (PT) was measured with an isokinetic dynamometer. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in MT (6.5% for MJ and 7.04% for MJ+SJ) and PT (10.40% for MJ and 12.85% for MJ+SJ) in both groups, but there were no between-group differences. Therefore, this study showed that the inclusion of SJ exercises in a MJ exercise training program resulted in no additional benefits in terms of muscle size or strength gains in untrained young men.

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