scholarly journals Time course of recovery is similar for the back squat, bench press, and deadlift in well-trained males

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1033-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Belcher ◽  
Colby A. Sousa ◽  
Joseph P. Carzoli ◽  
Trevor K. Johnson ◽  
Eric R. Helms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Acute Changes ◽  
Joint Range

This study examined the time course of recovery following resistance exercise sessions in the back squat, bench press, and deadlift. Twelve well-trained males (age: 24.5 ± 3.8 years, body mass: 84.01 ± 15.44 kg, training age: 7.1 ± 4.2 years) performed 4 sets to failure at 80% of a 1-repetition maximum (1RM) on the squat, bench press, and deadlift in successive weeks. The bench press was always performed in week 2 with the squat and deadlift order counterbalanced between weeks 1 and 3. Indirect muscle damage and performance fatigue was assessed immediately before and after exercise and at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h postexercise. Outcome measures included limb swelling, joint range of motion, delayed onset muscle soreness, average concentric velocity (ACV) at 70% of 1RM, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Most measures demonstrated a main time effect (p < 0.05) within conditions; however, no between condition (p > 0.05) differences existed. ACV decreased in the squat condition for up to 72 h (p = 0.02, –8.61%) and in the bench press (p < 0.01, –26.69%) immediately postexercise but did not decline during the deadlift condition (p > 0.05). There was a main time effect for increased cfDNA in the squat (p < 0.01) and bench press (p < 0.05), but not the deadlift (p = 0.153). Further, immediately postexercise increases in cfDNA were directly related (p < 0.05) to changes in ACV in all 3 conditions. These results suggest that the deadlift does not result in greater muscle damage and recovery time than the squat and bench press following volume-type training in well-trained men. Further, acute changes in cfDNA may predict performance during the recovery period.

scholarly journals Representation of Body Orientation in Vestibular-Defective Patients Before and After Unilateral Vestibular Loss

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane Borel ◽  
Jacques Honoré ◽  
Mathilde Bachelard-Serra ◽  
Jean-Pierre Lavieille ◽  
Arnaud Saj
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Body Representation ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spatial Neglect ◽  
Body Orientation ◽  
Vestibular Disorder ◽  
Vestibular Loss ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: The unilateral vestibular syndrome results in postural, oculomotor, perceptive, and cognitive symptoms. This study was designed to investigate the role of vestibular signals in body orientation representation, which remains poorly considered in vestibular patients.Methods: The subjective straight ahead (SSA) was investigated using a method disentangling translation and rotation components of error. Participants were required to align a rod with their body midline in the horizontal plane. Patients with right vestibular neurotomy (RVN; n =8) or left vestibular neurotomy (LVN; n = 13) or vestibular schwannoma resection were compared with 12 healthy controls. Patients were tested the day before surgery and during the recovery period, 7 days and 2 months after the surgery.Results: Before and after unilateral vestibular neurotomy, i.e., in the chronic phases, patients showed a rightward translation bias of their SSA, without rotation bias, whatever the side of the vestibular loss. However, the data show that the lower the translation error before neurotomy, the greater its increase 2 months after a total unilateral vestibular loss, therefore leading to a rightward translation of similar amplitude in the two groups of patients. In the early phase after surgery, SSA moved toward the operated side both in translation and in rotation, as typically found for biases occurring after unilateral vestibular loss, such as the subjective visual vertical (SVV) bias.Discussion and Conclusion: This study gives the first description of the immediate consequences and of the recovery time course of body orientation representation after a complete unilateral vestibular loss. The overall evolution differed according to the side of the lesion with more extensive changes over time before and after left vestibular loss. It is noteworthy that representational disturbances of self-orientation were highly unusual in the chronic stage after vestibular loss and similar to those reported after hemispheric lesions causing spatial neglect, while classical ipsilesional biases were reported in the acute stage. This study strongly supports the notion that the vestibular system plays a major role in body representation processes and more broadly in spatial cognition. From a clinical point of view, SSA appeared to be a reliable indicator for the presence of a vestibular disorder.

Low-volume acute multi-joint resistance exercise elicits a circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor response but not a cathepsin B response in well-trained men

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1332-1338
Author(s):  
Trevor K. Johnson ◽  
Daniel J. Belcher ◽  
Colby A. Sousa ◽  
Joseph P. Carzoli ◽  
Nishant P. Visavadiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Cathepsin B ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Joint Resistance ◽  
Resistance Exercises ◽  
Low Volume

This study examined if acute multi-joint resistance exercises (RE; back squat, bench press, and deadlift) to volitional failure elicited a postexercise increase in the circulating response of biomarkers associated with neuroprotection. Thirteen males (age: 24.5 ± 3.8 years, body mass: 84.01 ± 15.44 kg, height: 173.43 ± 8.57 cm, training age: 7.1 ± 4.2 years) performed 4 sets to failure at 80% of a 1-repetition maximum on the squat, bench press, and deadlift in successive weeks. The measured biomarkers were brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), cathepsin B (CatB), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Biomarkers were assessed immediately before and 10-min after exercise. There was a main time effect (pre-exercise: 24.00 ± 0.61 to postexercise: 27.38 ± 0.48 ng/mL; p < 0.01) for BDNF with increases in the deadlift (p = 0.01) and bench press (p = 0.01) conditions, but not in the squat condition (p = 0.21). There was a main time effect (pre-exercise: 0.87 ± 0.16 to postexercise: 2.03 ± 0.32 pg/mL; p < 0.01) for IL-6 with a significant increase in the squat (p < 0.01), but not the bench press (p = 0.88) and deadlift conditions (p = 0.24). No main time effect was observed for either CatB (p = 0.62) or IGF-1 (p = 0.56). In summary, acute multi-joint RE increases circulating BDNF. Further, this investigation is the first to report the lack of a transient change of CatB to an acute RE protocol. Novelty Low-volume RE to failure can increase BDNF. Resistance training does not confer an acute Cat B response.

scholarly journals Time-course of changes in indirect markers of muscle damage responses following a 130-km cycling race

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Rodrigues ◽  
Renata Wassmansdorf ◽  
Fabiano Macedo Salgueirosa ◽  
Sara Gabellone Hernandez ◽  
Vitor Bertoli Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Systematic Training

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n3p322 The purpose of the present investigation was to identify the effects of a 130-km cycling race on indices of biochemical indirect markers of muscle damage and muscle soreness responses during a 72-hour recovery period. Fifteen endurance-trained male cyclists which were competing for more than 2 years and were involved in systematic training at least of 3 days/wk underwent a collection of indirect biochemical markers of muscle damage (CK, LDH, Myo) and delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), at five different moments of data collection: before (PRE) and immediately after (POST) a 130-km cycling race, and 24, 48, 72 hours following the cycling race. CK and LDH plasma concentrations significantly increased POST-race (p < 0.001) and remained high throughout the 72 hour recover period (CK: p < 0.05; LDH: p < 0.001). Myo increased significantly POST-race (p < 0.001) and returned to the PRE-race values 24 hours thereafter (p < 0.05). DOMS increased significantly POST-race (p < 0.001) and returned to the PRE-race values at 48 hours after (p > 0.05). A 130-km cycling race has a noteworty effect on indices of biochemical indirect markers of muscle damage and muscle soreness responses, indicating that 72 hour recovery period do not seems to be enough for long-distance cyclist, and reinforce the propositions of scientific literature about the need of a sufficient recovery period for cycling endurance athletes. 

scholarly journals Time Course of Recovery for Performance Attributes and Circulating Markers of Muscle Damage Following a Rugby Union Match in Amateur Athletes

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Victor Corrêa da Silva ◽  
Mário Antônio de Moura Simim ◽  
Rodrigo Barboza da Silva ◽  
Edmar Lacerda Mendes ◽  
Bernardo Neme Ide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Amateur Athletes ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Circulating Markers ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Run Test

Background: We sought to determine the time course of changes in neuromuscular performance and muscle damage following a single rugby union match. Methods: Fourteen male amateur rugby players (28.9 ± 3.5 yrs; 1.7 ± 5.1 m; 86.1 ± 11.1 kg) participated. Plasma activity of creatine kinase ([CK]) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), L-run test (change of direction) and 30-m sprint (T30; speed) with 10-m lap time (T10; acceleration) were assessed on six occasions: one week before the match (PRE) and immediately, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h post-match. Results: Relative to PRE, LDH was elevated immediately post-match (+33.6% ± 13.6%; p < 0.001) and [CK] was elevated immediately (+64.1% ± 38.8%, p = 0.001) and 24 h post-match (+352% ± 317%; p = 0.024). L-run test time increased 16.0 ± 8.7% relative to PRE at 24 h post (p < 0.001) and remained elevated through 96 h post-match (p < 0.05). T10 and T30 times increased relative to PRE immediately post-match (+12.0% ± 10.4%, p = 0.008; and +6.1% ± 4.9%; p = 0.006, respectively), though T30 times were similar to baseline by 48 h post-match whereas T10 times remained elevated through 72 h post-match. Conclusions: A single, competitive rugby union match induces significant muscle damage and performance decrements with distinct time courses of recovery in amateur athletes. Notably, change of direction attributes (i.e., L-run) appear to have the longest time course to full recovery.

scholarly journals Pre-and Post-COVID-19 condition, performance and future of the airline industry: Evidence from accounting data

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (37) ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Qaiser Aman ◽  
Sultan Altass
Keyword(s):  
Airline Industry ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
Industry Study ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
The Future ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the pre-and post-COVID-19 condition, performance and future of the airline industry. To get the desired objective of the study current research study used the accounting information of airline industry. For the said purpose cross tabulation, frequencies, means techniques were used to draw the conclusion. To predict the future and revival of the industry study calculated the means before and after COVID-19 performance and forecast the recovery period of the industry. The accounting results showed that the condition and performance of the airline industry was good before the COVID-19 pandemic. The average results showed that operating profit margin, net profit, return on invested capital and, revenues were at acceptable levels before COVID-19. However, in the aftermath of COVID-19, all the indicators dropped significantly and become negative. Before COVID-19, the airline industry was contributing an average $118 billion in annual tax revenue to governments. Before COVID-19, the region-wise accounting results showed that the condition and performance of the airline industry was good in all regions except in Africa. After COVID-19, the airline industry in all regions encountered significant problems with negative operating profit, net profit and, return on invested capital, and a significant drop in revenue. In short, such unexpected, painful and huge losses have never been recorded throughout the history of the airline industry. The future of the airline industry is unpredictable and uncertain, but the average results showed that said industry will recover within four to five years if COVID-19 disappears in 2020.

scholarly journals Differences in Oxygen Uptake between Equivalent Resistance Training Protocols: Sets vs. Reps

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Scott ◽  
Maegan Chartier ◽  
Joshua Hodgkiss ◽  
Matthew Mallett ◽  
Mikaela Shields
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Equivalent Resistance ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Training Protocol ◽  
Training Protocols

We examined the energy costs of different resistance training protocols where exercise and recovery periods were equated: 48 total seconds of exercise and 210 seconds of between-set recovery. Two separate investigations were carried out at 65% of a 1 repetition maximum (1RM): back squat (7 men, 3 women) and bench press (9 men). Lifting cadence for concentric and eccentric phases was set at 1.5 sec each with 30 sec between-set recovery periods for the 8 sets, 2 reps protocol (sets) and a 3 min and 30 sec between-set recovery period for the 2 sets, 8 reps protocol (reps). The amount of oxygen consumed during lifting and between-set recovery periods was significantly greater for sets vs. reps protocol for both the back squat (+41%) and bench press (+27%) (p = 0.0001). Moreover, the total aerobic cost including the after-lifting excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) was larger for the increased sets protocol for both the squat (+27%, p = 0.01) and bench press (+29%, p = 0.04). Total energy costs - aerobic plus anaerobic, exercise and recovery - were not different among sets or reps protocols. We conclude that a greater volume of oxygen is consumed with a lower repetition, increased number of sets resistance training protocol. We suggest that more recovery periods promote a greater potential for fat oxidation.

scholarly journals Time Course and Role of Exercise-Induced Cytokines in Muscle Damage and Repair After a Marathon Race

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Augustus Zocoler de Sousa ◽  
Ana Paula Renno Sierra ◽  
Bryan Steve Martínez Galán ◽  
Jaqueline Fernanda de Sousa Maciel ◽  
Richelieau Manoel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Muscle Damage Markers

Endurance exercise induces an increase in the expression of exercise-induced peptides that participate in the repair and regeneration of skeletal muscles. The present study aimed to evaluate the time course and role of exercise-induced cytokines in muscle damage and repair after a marathon race. Fifty-seven Brazilian male amateur marathon finishers, aged 30–55 years, participated in this study. The blood samples were collected 24 h before, immediately after, and 24 and 72 h after the São Paulo International Marathon. The leukogram and muscle damage markers were analyzed using routine automated methodology in the clinical laboratory. The plasma levels of the exercise-induced cytokines were determined using the Human Magnetic Bead Panel or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays [decorin and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15)]. A muscle damage was characterized by an increase in plasma myocellular proteins and immune changes (leukocytosis and neutrophilia). Running the marathon increased interleukin (IL)-6 (4-fold), IL-8 (1.5-fold), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (2.4-fold), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (1.5-fold), IL-10 (11-fold), decorin (1.9-fold), GDF-15 (1.8-fold), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (2.7-fold), follistatin (2-fold), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-21) (3.4-fold) plasma levels. We also observed a reduction in musclin, myostatin, IL-15, and apelin levels immediately after the race (by 22–36%), 24 h (by 26–52%), and 72 h after the race (by 25–53%). The changes in BDNF levels were negatively correlated with the variations in troponin levels (r = −0.36). The variations in IL-6 concentrations were correlated with the changes in follistatin (r = 0.33) and FGF-21 (r = 0.31) levels after the race and with myostatin and irisin levels 72 h after the race. The changes in IL-8 and IL-10 levels had positive correlation with variation in musclin (p &lt; 0.05). Regeneration of exercise-induced muscle damage involves the participation of classical inflammatory mediators, as well as GDF-15, BDNF, follistatin, decorin, and FGF-21, whose functions include myogenesis, mytophagia, satellite cell activation, and downregulation of protein degradation. The skeletal muscle damage markers were not associated to myokines response. However, BDNF had a negative correlation with a myocardial damage marker. The classical anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-10, IL-8, and IL-6) induced by exercise are associated to myokines response immediately after the race and in the recovery period and may affect the dynamics of muscle tissue repair.

scholarly journals Similar Strength and Power Adaptations between Two Different Velocity-Based Training Regimens in Collegiate Female Volleyball Players

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Rauch ◽  
Irineu Loturco ◽  
Nicholas Cheesman ◽  
Justin Thiel ◽  
Michael Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Female College ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Power Block ◽  
Volleyball Players

This study investigated the effects of two different velocity-based training (VBT) regimens on muscular adaptations. Fifteen female college volleyball players were randomly assigned into either progressive velocity-based training (PVBT) or optimum training load (OTL). Both groups trained three times a week for seven weeks. PVBT performed a 4-week strength block (e.g., 0.55–0.70 m·s−1) followed by a 3-week power block (e.g., 0.85–1.0 m·s−1), whereas OTL performed training at ~0.85–0.9 m·s−1. 1RM and peak power output (PP) assessments on the back squat (BS), bench press (BP) and deadlift (DL) exercises were assessed pre and post training. There was a main time effect (p ≤ 0.05) for BS and BP 1RM, (PVBT: 19.6%, ES: 1.72; OTL: 18.3%, ES: 1.57) and (PVBT: 8.5%, ES: 0.58; OTL: 10.2%, ES: 0.72), respectively. OTL increased DL 1RM to a greater extent than PVBT (p ≤ 0.05), (OTL: 22.9%, ES: 1.49; PVBT: 10.9%, ES: 0.88). Lastly, there was a main time effect (p ≤ 0.05) for BS, BP and DL PP, (PVBT: 18.3%, ES: 0.86; OTL: 19.8%, ES: 0.79); (PVBT: 14.5%, ES: 0.81; OTL: 27.9%, ES: 1.68); (PVBT: 15.7%, ES: 1.32; OTL: 20.1%, ES: 1.77) respectively. Our data suggest that both VBT regimens are effective for improving muscular performance in college volleyball players during the offseason period.

scholarly journals Effects of Cannabidiol Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Regeneration after Intensive Resistance Training

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3028
Author(s):  
Eduard Isenmann ◽  
Sebastian Veit ◽  
Lynn Starke ◽  
Ulrich Flenker ◽  
Patrick Diel
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Significant Group Difference ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Before And After

Cannabidiol supplements (CBD) are increasingly consumed by athletes to improve regeneration. However, the evidence for the pro-regenerative effects of CBD in sports is quite limited. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effects of a single CBD supplementation in a six-arm placebo-controlled crossover study after resistance training on performance and muscle damage. Before and after the resistance training, one-repetition maximum in the back squat (1RM BS), countermovement jump (CMJ), and blood serum concentrations of creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin (Myo) were measured in healthy, well-trained participants. 16 out of 21 participants completed the study and were included in the analysis. In 1RM BS, a significant decrease was observed after 24 h (p < 0.01) but not after 48 and 72 h. A significant group difference was detected after 72 h (p < 0.05; ES = 0.371). In CMJ, no significant changes were observed. The CK and Myo concentrations increased significantly after 24 h (CK: p < 0.001; Myo: p < 0.01), 48 h (CK: p < 0.001; Myo: p < 0.01) and 72 h (CK: p < 0.001; Myo: p < 0.001). After 72 h, significant group differences were observed for both muscle damage biomarkers (CK: p < 0.05 ES = 0.24; Myo: p < 0.05; ES = 0.21). The results show small but significant effects on muscle damage and recovery of squat performance after 72 h. However, more data are required for clearer statements concerning potential pro-regenerative effects of CBD supplementation after resistance training.

Preliminary Evaluation of a Weibull Function for Fitting Slow-Component Eye Velocity over the Time Course of Caloric-Induced Nystagmus

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Formby ◽  
B. Albritton ◽  
I. M. Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Weibull Function ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Mathematical Function ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Eye Velocity ◽  
Fitting Parameters ◽  
Weibull Equation

We describe preliminary attempts to fit a mathematical function to the slow-component eye velocity (SCV) over the time course of caloric-induced nystagmus. Initially, we consider a Weibull equation with three parameters. These parameters are estimated by a least-squares procedure to fit digitized SCV data. We present examples of SCV data and fitted curves to show how adjustments in the parameters of the model affect the fitted curve. The best fitting parameters are presented for curves fit to 120 warm caloric responses. The fitting parameters and the efficacy of the fitted curves are compared before and after the SCV data were smoothed to reduce response variability. We also consider a more flexible four-parameter Weibull equation that, for 98% of the smoothed caloric responses, yields fits that describe the data more precisely than a line through the mean. Finally, we consider advantages and problems in fitting the Weibull function to caloric data.

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