scholarly journals QUALICOPC – Primary care study on quality, costs and equity in European countries: The Hungarian branch

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (35) ◽  
pp. 1396-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Rurik ◽  
W. G. Wienke Boerma ◽  
László Róbert Kolozsvári ◽  
Levente István Lánczi ◽  
Lajos Mester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Quality Costs ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Hungarian Experience ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Primary Care Practices ◽  
And Function

The importance of primary care has already been recognized in the developed countries, where the structure and function of primary care is very heterogeneous. In the QUALICOPC study, the costs, quality and equity of primary care systems will be compared in the 34 participating countries. Representative samples of primary care practices were recruited in Hungary. An evaluation with questionnaire was performed in 222 practices on the work circumstances, conditions, competency and financial initiatives. Ten patients in each practice were also questioned by independent fieldworkers. In this work, the methodology and Hungarian experience are described. The final results of the international evaluation will be analyzed and published later. It is expected that data obtained from the QUALICOPC study may prove to be useful in health service planning and may be shared with policy makers. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1396–1400.

One Atmosphere

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Singer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Protective Shield ◽  
Third Assessment Report ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Full Force

There can be no clearer illustration of the need for human beings to act globally than the issues raised by the impact of human activity on our atmosphere. That we all share the same planet came to our attention in a particularly pressing way in the 1970s when scientists discovered that the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) threatens the ozone layer shielding the surface of our planet from the full force of the sun's ultraviolet radiation. Damage to that protective shield would cause cancer rates to rise sharply and could have other effects, for example, on the growth of algae. The threat was especially acute to the world's southernmost cities, since a large hole in the ozone was found to be opening up each year over Antarctica, but in the long term, the entire ozone shield was imperiled. Once the science was accepted, concerted international action followed relatively rapidly with the signing of the Montreal Protocol in 1985. The developed countries phased out virtually all use of CFCs by 1999, and the developing countries, given a 10-year period of grace, are now moving toward the same goal. Getting rid of CFCs has turned out to be just the curtain raiser: the main event is climate change, or global warming. Without belittling the pioneering achievement of those who brought about the Montreal Protocol, the problem was not so difficult, for CFCs can be replaced in all their uses at relatively little cost, and the solution to the problem is simply to stop producing them. Climate change is a very different matter. The scientific evidence that human activities are changing the climate of our planet has been studied by a working group of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), an international scientific body intended to provide policy makers with an authoritative view of climate change and its causes. The group released its Third Assessment Report in 2001, building on earlier reports and incorporating new evidence accumulated over the previous five years. The report is the work of 122 lead authors and 515 contributing authors, and the research on which it was based was reviewed by 337 experts.

Managed Healthcare

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Karolina H. Czarnecka ◽  
Filip Pawliczak
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Discharge Care ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
New Policies ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Cost

This chapter describes how managed healthcare is a systemic and institutional approach for cost management. It might be the remedy for increasing demand for limited human and material resources. In most of the developed countries the number of elderly patients with multimorbidity is increasing every year. This situation creates the necessity for implementing new policies based on cost-effective methods of diagnosis and treatment. Keeping quality high is crucial for patient safety, although cost reduction must occur to ensure the proper care for all. However, several ethical concerns are raised with these changes. The main is that although the physicians are focused on cost-effective procedures, they will take the patient's opinions into consideration. The outcome of an undermined relationship between doctors and their patients may be contrary to the reduction of the compliance and adherence may in fact increase the cost of services for specific patients. The proper communication patterns and post-discharge care is mandatory for limiting unwanted additional costs and benefits policy makers keeping patient satisfaction high.

Geographic Variation in Medicaid Acceptance Across Michigan Primary Care Practices in the Era of the Affordable Care Act

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renuka Tipirneni ◽  
Karin V. Rhodes ◽  
Rodney A. Hayward ◽  
Richard L. Lichtenstein ◽  
HwaJung Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
The Affordable Care Act ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Primary Care Practices

Coverage and access have improved under the Affordable Care Act, yet it is unclear whether recent gains have reached those regions within states that were most in need of improved access to care. We examined geographic variation in Medicaid acceptance among Michigan primary care practices before and after Medicaid expansion in the state, using data from a simulated patient study of primary care practices. We used logistic regression analysis with time indicators to assess regional changes in Medicaid acceptance over time. Geographic regions with lower baseline (<50%) Medicaid acceptance had significant increases in Medicaid acceptance at 4 and 8 months post-expansion, while regions with higher baseline (≥50%) Medicaid acceptance did not experience significant changes in Medicaid acceptance. As state Medicaid expansions continue to be implemented across the country, policy makers should consider the local dynamics of incentives for provider participation in Medicaid.

scholarly journals Biomarker Testing: Piercing the Fog of Alzheimer’s and Related Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Denis Horgan ◽  
Flavio Nobili ◽  
Charlotte Teunissen ◽  
Timo Grimmer ◽  
Dinko Mitrecic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Concerted Action ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Biomarker Testing ◽  
Late Discovery ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementia is one of the growing threats to the sustainability of health and care systems in developed countries, and efforts to find therapies have had scant success. The main reasons for this are lack of efficient therapy, which is linked to too late discovery of the disease itself. With this in mind, biomarkers are recognised as an element which can bring a major contribution to research, helping elucidate the disease and the search for treatments. They are also playing an increasing role in early detection and timely diagnosis, which are considered the principal hopes of effective management in the absence of an effective drug. The current arsenal of biomarkers could already, if more widely deployed, provide an effective minimum service to patients and health systems. A concerted action by policy makers and stakeholders could drive progress in access to AD biomarker testing to provide an optimum service in the medium term. This paper discusses how to improve the use of and access to biomarker testing in the detection and diagnosis of AD and other diseases featuring dementia, and how EU healthcare systems could benefit. It outlines the challenges, lists the achievements to date, and highlights the actions needed to allow biomarker testing to deliver more fully on their potential in AD.

scholarly journals Heart failure 2019: insights from the National Society of Cardiology Journals

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Plamen Gatzov ◽  
Jean-Jacques Monsuez ◽  
Gergely Ágoston ◽  
Michael Aschermann ◽  
Hala Mahfouz Badran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
National Society ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology ◽  
Selection Of

Heart failure (HF) became one of the biggest problems of the health care systems in the developed countries. It’s prevalence has the characteristics of pandemic in the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) member countries. The population aging and poorly controlled cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, overweight, and diabetes are the most important factors for that situation. The differences in the disease epidemiology, diagnosis and therapy among ESC member countries have been recently well described in the Atlas registry. To understand the specific features in the ESC countries, the ESC Editors Network created the initiative to present the most important publications from the National Societies of Cardiology journals (NSCJ) every year. For the 2019 the decision was the articles to be in the field of HF. The following review presents the selection of such papers.

Consensual knowledge and international collaboration: some lessons from the commodity negotiations

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Negotiations ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Degree Of Acceptance ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Integrated Program

Consensual knowledge can produce widely varying levels of impact on different international negotiations. In the case of negotiations over UNCTAD's Integrated Program for Commodities, consensual knowledge developed among the experts involved. This consensus tended to support the position taken by the developed countries, thus pointing in a direction already taken for other reasons. Consensus in this case facilitated an agreement, but empirical and theoretical analysis both suggest it may prove to be an incorrect or unstable agreement. The outcome of the commodity negotiations implies that the interaction of key variables, such as uncertainty and the degree of acceptance of the knowledge, might yield different results in other cases. Various specific means might be used more effectively to diffuse expert knowledge among policy makers.

Harmony and Discord in China's Africa Strategy: Some Implications for Foreign Policy

2009 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 563-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Alden ◽  
Christopher R. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Solutions

AbstractThis article examines the challenges faced by Beijing in managing this increasingly complex relationship, reflecting upon the structural factors that encourage harmony and introduce discord in China–Africa ties. It examines how various policy solutions being considered by China, ranging from increasing participants in the policy-making process to tentative engagement with international development regimes, may still not address the most difficult issues involving adverse reactions to the Chinese presence from African civil societies and political opposition groups. In particular the lack of a strong civil society inside China inhibits the ability of its policy makers to draw on the expertise of the kind of independent pressure groups and NGOs that are available to traditional donor/investor states. The article concludes by asking how the Chinese system can make up for these weaknesses without moving further towards the existing models and practices of the developed countries.

The experience of different countries in the fight against the coronavirus infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Konstantin Robertovich Gulyabin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
National Disaster

The coronavirus pandemic was the first epidemic to hit humanity in the 21st century and a serious challenge to health care systems around the world, most of which were completely unprepared for such a scale of the problem. Starting in China at the end of 2019, the infection quickly spread around the world. Different countries have taken unprecedented measures of various content aimed at curbing the coronavirus: some put an emphasis on strict isolation and separation of people, others - on mass testing, and some - on self-isolation of citizens arriving from abroad. Meanwhile, social measures proved more effective than medical measures in some cases. In the developed countries of East and Southeast Asia, due to the sufficient awareness of citizens and a high level of trust in the ruling authorities, the measures to contain the epidemic were very successful, while in some countries of South America and India the epidemic has become a national disaster. Almost two years after the start of the pandemic, it is still too early to speak about any meaningful predictions, however, thanks to the mass vaccination that has begun in most countries, the prospect of containing the further spread of the infection is becoming real.

Convergence Analysis of Households' Consumption Expenditure

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chandra Das ◽  
Amaresh Das ◽  
Frank Martin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
The World ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Given

Households' consumption expenditure becomes an important determinant of GDP of a country, particularly when the economy is struck by depression with low levels of private and public investments. So maintaining growth of this head of expenditure over time becomes the crucial agenda of the policy makers all over the world. The present chapter tries to analyze whether the developing countries' levels of households' consumption expenditure are converging to the ones in the developed countries during 1980-2013 in the sample of 40 countries. The study reveals that there is no significant absolute ß and s convergence among either in the cross section or in pooling of the data during the given period. But population growth factor is making the countries converge significantly in conditional sense. By separating the entire data we observe that, for the entire period, the developed countries are significantly converging in absolute sense while the developing countries are not, although there are mixed results in s convergence.

Guidelines for the Clinical and Economic Assessment of Health Technologies

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Guyatt ◽  
Michael Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Adequate Evaluation

That new health technologies often diffuse into the health care systems of developed countries without adequate evaluation has long been a cause of concern (I). In addition, where clinical or economic assessments have been carried out, they often contain methodological weaknesses which reduce their usefulness to health policy makers or clinical practitioners (5,6).

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